scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Sestrin2 in Cell Metabolism, and Cardiovascular and Age-Related Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Sun ◽  
Yishi Wang ◽  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Nanhu Quan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Antioxidants from Plants Protect against Skin Photoaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Petruk ◽  
Rita Del Giudice ◽  
Maria Manuela Rigano ◽  
Daria Maria Monti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Skin Photoaging

Exposure to UV light triggers the rapid generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin cells, with consequent increase in oxidative stress and thus in photoaging. Exogenous supplementation with dietary antioxidants and/or skin pretreatment with antioxidant-based lotions before sun exposure might be a winning strategy against age-related skin pathologies. In this context, plants produce many secondary metabolites to protect themselves from UV radiations and these compounds can also protect the skin from photoaging. Phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and carotenoids, derived from different plant species, are able to protect the skin by preventing UV penetration, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and influencing several survival signalling pathways. In this review, we focus our attention on the double role of oxidants in cell metabolism and on environmental and xenobiotic agents involved in skin photoaging. Moreover, we discuss the protective role of dietary antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and report their antiaging properties related to the reduction of oxidative stress pathways.

Abstract P239: Differential Proteomics of Subsarcolemmal and Intermyofibrillar Mitochondria in Aging Rat Cardiac Muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Gelfi ◽  
Roberta Leone ◽  
Daniele Capitanio ◽  
Agnese Viganò ◽  
Chiara Fania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Differential Proteomics ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Muscle Proteome

Recent studies revealed a key role of mitochondria in the 'axis of aging'. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces ROS production, leading to genotoxic damage, increasing erosion of telomeres followed by the activation of p53, blocking the mitochondrial biogenesis and generating a vicious cycle which induces the age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. This study, based on proteomic analysis, aims to elucidate the role of different mitochondrial subpopulations in the aging of heart in a rat model. Subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondria play a major role in the adaptation of cells to physiological stimuli, whereas intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria, are “power plants” for cardiac muscle contraction. The two subpopulations were isolated according to their localization in young (6 months), old adult (22 months) and senescent (30 months) Sprague Dawley rats by differential centrifugation in a density gradient. The differences at proteomic level were monitored by 2D-DIGE coupled with Maldi Tof and ESI MS/MS. While only few significant differences were detected in whole cardiac muscle proteome among young, adult and old rats, we detected many differences in SS mitochondrial proteome, particularly related to cell metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, membrane permeability and chaperon proteins indicating that aging may affect the SS mitochondria to maintain heart tissue homeostasis. Proteome of IMF mitocondria was characterized by a different pattern as compared to SS mitochondria and the number of proteins changed in aging were lower, even though a progression was observed from 22 to 30 months. These preliminary results suggest that protein dysregulation in mitochondrial proteome could significantly contribute to age-dependent impairment of cardiac function. However, these changes are not appreciable when analyzing the heart muscle proteome as a whole, highlighting the relevance of sub-cellular fractionation to detect molecular events involved in the aging process.

Age-related memory deficit: Role of study time and encoding strategies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Froger ◽  
Badiaa Bouazzaoui ◽  
Laurence Taconnat
Keyword(s):  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Encoding Strategies

Pathogenesis of Age-related Cataract: a systematic review of proteomic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Karakosta ◽  
Argyrios Tzamalis ◽  
Michalis Aivaliotis ◽  
Ioannis Tsinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Age Related

Background/Objective:: The aim of this systematic review is to identify all the available data on human lens proteomics with a critical role to age-related cataract formation in order to elucidate the physiopathology of the aging lens. Materials and Methods:: We searched on Medline and Cochrane databases. The search generated 328 manuscripts. We included nine original proteomic studies that investigated human cataractous lenses. Results:: Deamidation was the major age-related post-translational modification. There was a significant increase in the amount of αA-crystallin D-isoAsp58 present at all ages, while an increase in the extent of Trp oxidation was apparent in cataract lenses when compared to aged normal lenses. During aging, enzymes with oxidized cysteine at critical sites included GAPDH, glutathione synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and PARK7. Conclusion:: D-isoAsp in αA crystallin could be associated with the development of age-related cataract in human, by contributing to the denaturation of a crystallin, and decreasing its ability to act as a chaperone. Oxidation of Trp may be associated with nuclear cataract formation in human, while the role of oxidant stress in age-related cataract formation is dominant.

The Role of Negative Personality Traits in Psychological Adaptation

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Юлия Черткова ◽  
Yuliya Chertkova ◽  
Марина Егорова ◽  
Marina Yegorova
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Age Related

The paper reflects one of the aspects of the research carried out within the framework of the project “Nature of variability of negative personality traits: a twin study”. The research reviews the adaptive component of negative personal traits. The sample of the study consisted of 136 members of monozygotic twins and 401 only children in their families aged 18-78. Life satisfaction was a generalized metric of psychological adaptation. It is shown that a number of negative personality traits (in particular, narcissism, authoritarianism) positively correlate with life satisfaction. The biased value of various personality traits, which can also indirectly serve as an indicator of adaptability of these psychological properties, was assessed using a semantic differential. The age-related changes in the perfect image of the self, which are associated primarily with some more attractive negative personal traits, as well as the multidirectional desired changes in personality traits in themselves and the twin (more power and conflict in themselves and less of the same in the brother/sister) also indicate that a number of negative personal traits play a positive role in psychological adaptation. It is assumed that these traits can have a compensatory function during stress, and the destructiveness of these traits can have a greater impact on people around than on themselves.

A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Gabriel L. Schlomer ◽  
Brian M. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Approximately 48–66% of the variation in alcohol use disorders is heritable. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic influences that contribute to alcohol use disorder within a developmental perspective. Namely, risk for problematic alcohol use is framed as a function of age-related changes in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and an end state of developmental processes. This chapter discusses the role of development in the association between genes and the environment on risk for alcohol use disorder. Designs used to identify genetic factors relevant to problematic alcohol use are discussed. Studies examining developmental pathways to alcohol use disorder with a focus on endophenotypes and intermediate phenotypes are reviewed. Finally, areas for further investigation are offered.

scholarly journals The Role of Cell Metabolism in Innate Immune Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anaisa Valido Ferreira ◽  
Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés ◽  
Mihai Gheorghe Netea
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Health And Disease

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined <i>trained immunity</i> or <i>innate immune memory</i>, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.

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