scholarly journals Negative Matter as Unified Dark Matter and Dark ‎Energy: Simplest Model, Theory and Nine Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Yi-Fang Chang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Wave Particle Duality

Based on Dirac’s negative energy, we propose and study the negative matter. Bondi’s results are wrong. First, the negative matter can be the simplest model of unified dark matter and dark energy. Next, we discuss various possible theories of the negative matter: some field equations, similar electrodynamics, field equations with non-symmetry, etc. Third, the quantum theory of negative matter is researched. Matter surrounded by dark-negative matter corresponds to an infinitely deep potential trap in quantum mechanics and forms a base of the universal wave-particle duality and quantum mechanics. Fourth, we propose the mechanism of inflation as the origin of positive-negative matters created from nothing. Fifth, assume that dark matter is completely the negative matter, and we may calculate an evolutional ratio between total matter and usual matter from 1 of inflation and the radiation-dominated universe to 7.88 of the present matter-dominated universe. It agrees with the observed value 6.36~7. Sixth, we research the relativity of the negative matter and theory in Lobachevskian geometry. Seventh, we propose a judgment test of the negative matter as dark matter is opposite repulsive lensing and other eight possible tests. Eighty, we propose a figure on the unification of the four basic interactions in three-dimensional space, in which the “running” coupling constants of strong and weak interactions transform each other. The negative matter as a candidate of unification of dark matter and dark energy is not only the simplest, and may explain inflation and be calculated and tested.

Unification of Strong-Weak Interactions and Possible Unified Scheme of Four-Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

First, various known unified theories of interactions in particle physics are reviewed. Next, strong and weak interactions are all short-range, which should more be unified. Except different action ranges their main character is: strong interactions are attraction each other, and weak interactions are mutual repulsion and derive decay. We propose a possible method on their unification, whose coupling constants are negative and positive, respectively. Further, we propose a figure on the unification of the four basic interactions in three-dimensional space, and search some possible tests and predictions, for example, strong-weak interactions transform each other, some waves may be produced. Finally, based on the simplest unified gauge group GL(6,C) of four-interactions, a possible form of Lagrangian is researched. Some relations and equations of different interactions are discussed.

A model of matter, mind, and consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Olav Drageset
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Parallel Universes ◽  
The Mind

This article shows how string theory is able to model nonphysical particles and how three-dimensional string theory “branes” (parallel universes) could hold dark matter and dark energy. Introspective experience from scientifically oriented groups gives us some clues of how the mind and consciousness could be described. The resulting synthesis from science and direct introspection, for understanding mind and consciousness, are presented. It shows a cosmos with: (1) A parallel nonphysical universe containing dreams, thoughts, emotions, and memories. This universe, called the psychological universe, is probably based on dark matter; (2) A parallel nonphysical universe where intuitive nonphenomenal thinking takes place and where personality and worldview are stored. This universe is called the intuitive universe and is probably based on dark energy and seems to have quantum mechanical qualities. These two universes together make up the mind such as it is defined in this article; and (3) A third nonphysical universe filled with negative energy could make up consciousness. All four universes (including the physical universe) have different vacua, dimensions, and energy levels, so they are all around us but separated. I propose that biological beings consist of a physical body in the physical universe plus entangled bodies in the three nonphysical universes. Entanglement is established by signals going both ways between the different bodies. String theory shows how the interaction between branes/universes can take place. Such a worldview seems to match the requirements from string theory so that it becomes a theory that includes the physical universe and the mind (all kinds of positive energy), and the connection to consciousness. Consciousness itself is based on negative energy, according to mathematician Luigi Fantappiè. The physical base for negative energy is still an open question.

HOW REAL ARE QUANTONS?

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 565-574
Author(s):  
MARCELLO CINI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Wigner Representation ◽  
Large Quantum ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In spite of the recent extraordinary progresses of experimental techniques it does not seem that, after more than seventy years from the birth of quantum mechanics, a unanimous consensus has been reached in the physicist's community on how to understand the "strange" properties of quantons, the wavelike/particlelike objects of the quantum world. In the first paragraph I will briefly recall some results on the problem of decoherence in large quantum systems, which at the same time may be viewed as an attempt of providing a "realistic" physical interpretation of the standard mathematical formulation of the theory. In the following ones I will present a derivation from first principles of the Wigner representation of quantum mechanics in phase space which eliminates altogether from the theory the Schrödinger waves and their questionable properties. This approach leads to the conclusion that the wave/particle duality has nothing to do with "probability waves", but is simply the manifestation of two complementary aspects (continuity vs. discontinuity) of an intrinsically nonlocal physical entity (the quantum field) which objectively exists in ordinary three dimensional space.

scholarly journals FERMIONIC AND SCALAR FIELDS AS SOURCES OF INTERACTING DARK MATTER–DARK ENERGY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2543-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL LEPE ◽  
JAVIER LORCA ◽  
FRANCISCO PEÑA ◽  
YERKO VÁSQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Nonminimal Coupling ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Fermionic Field ◽  
Minimal Coupling ◽  
Constant Type

From a variational action with nonminimal coupling with a scalar field and classical scalar and fermionic interaction, cosmological field equations can be obtained. Imposing a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric, the equations lead directly to a cosmological model consisting of two interacting fluids, where the scalar field fluid is interpreted as dark energy and the fermionic field fluid is interpreted as dark matter. Several cases were studied analytically and numerically. An important feature of the non-minimal coupling is that it allows crossing the barrier from a quintessence to phantom behavior. The insensitivity of the solutions to one of the parameters of the model permits it to find an almost analytical solution for the cosmological constant type of universe.

Energy and Momentum Eigenspectrum of the Hulthén-screened Cosine Kratzer Potential Using Proper Quantization Rule and SUSYQM Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushal R Purohit ◽  
Rajendrasinh H PARMAR ◽  
Ajay Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Quantization Rule ◽  
Approximation Approach ◽  
Momentum Spectra ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract Using the Qiang-Dong proper quantization rule (PQR) and the supersymmetric quantum mechanics approach, we obtained the eigenspectrum of the energy and momentum for time independent and time dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potentials. For the suggested time independent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential, we solved the Schrodinger equation in D dimensions (HSCKP). The Feinberg-Horodecki equation for time-dependent Hulthen-screened cosine Kratzer potential was also solved (tHSCKP). To address the inverse square term in the time independent and time dependent equations, we employed the Greene-Aldrich approximation approach. We were able to extract time independent and time dependent potentials, as well as their accompanying energy and momentum spectra. In three-dimensional space, we estimated the rotational vibrational (RV) energy spectrum for many homodimers ($H_2, I_2, O_2$) and heterodimers ($MnH, ScN, LiH, HCl$). We also used the recently introduced formula approach to obtain the relevant eigen function. We also calculated momentum spectra for the dimers $MnH$ and $ScN$. The method is compared to prior methodologies for accuracy and validity using numerical data for heterodimer $LiH, HCl$ and homodimer $I_2, O_2,H_2$. The calculated energy and momentum spectra are tabulated and analysed.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (25) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREI DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU OCTAVIAN DOLOCAN ◽  
VOICU DOLOCAN
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Cohesive Energy ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

By using a new Hamiltonian of interaction we have calculated the interaction energy for two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices. We present also, approximate analytical formulae and the analytical formulae for the constant of the elastic force. The obtained results show that in the three-dimensional space, the two-dimensional lattice has the lattice constant and the cohesive energy which are smaller than that of the three-dimensional lattice. For appropriate values of the coupling constants, the two-dimensional lattice in a two-dimensional space has both the lattice constant and the cohesive energy, larger than that of the two-dimensional lattice in a three-dimensional space; this means that if there is a two-dimensional space in the Universe, this should be thinner than the three-dimensional space, while the interaction forces should be stronger. On the other hand, if the coupling constant in the two-dimensional lattice in the two-dimensional space is close to zero, the cohesive energy should be comparable with the cohesive energy from three-dimensional space but this two-dimensional space does not emit but absorbs radiation.

scholarly journals Possible Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Theory Based on the Three-Dimensional Quantized Spaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time

Three-dimensional quantized space model is newly introduced. Quantum mechanics and relativity theory are explained in terms of the warped three-dimensional quantized spaces with the quantum time width (Dt=tq). The energy is newly defined as the 4-dimensional space-time volume of E = cDtDV in the present work. It is shown that the wave function of the quantum mechanics is closely related to the warped quantized space shape with the space time-volume. The quantum entanglement and quantum wave function collapse are explained additionally. The special relativity theory is separated into the energy transition associated with the space-time shape transition of the matter and the momentum transition associated with the space-time location transition. Then, the quantum mechanics and the general relativity theory are about the 4-dimensional space-time volume and the 4-dimensional space-time distance, respectively.

scholarly journals Interacting quintessence in light of generalized uncertainty principle: cosmological perturbations and dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andronikos Paliathanasis ◽  
Genly Leon ◽  
Wompherdeiki Khyllep ◽  
Jibitesh Dutta ◽  
Supriya Pan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Generalized Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Background Level ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coupling Parameters

AbstractWe consider a cosmological scenario endowed with an interaction between the universe’s dark components – dark matter and dark energy. Specifically, we assume the dark matter component to be a pressure-less fluid, while the dark energy component is a quintessence scalar field with Lagrangian function modified by the quadratic Generalized Uncertainty Principle. The latter modification introduces new higher-order terms of fourth-derivative due to quantum corrections in the scalar field’s equation of motion. Then, we investigate asymptotic dynamics and general behaviour of solutions of the field equations for some interacting models of special interests in the literature. At the background level, the present interacting model exhibits the matter-dominated and de Sitter solutions which are absent in the corresponding quintessence model. Furthermore, to boost the background analysis, we study cosmological linear perturbations in the Newtonian gauge where we show how perturbations are modified by quantum corrected terms from the quadratic Generalized Uncertainty Principle. Depending on the coupling parameters, scalar perturbations show a wide range of behavior.

scholarly journals Kantowski–Sachs Tsallis holographic dark energy model with sign-changeable interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sobhanbabu ◽  
M. Vijaya Santhi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Holographic Dark Energy ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Dynamical Parameters ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIn this work devoted to the investigation of the Tsallis holographic dark energy (IR cut-off is Hubble radius) in homogeneous and anisotropic Kantowski–Sachs Universe within the frame-work of Saez–Ballester scalar tensor theory of gravitation. We have constructed non-interacting and interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy models by solving the field equations using the relationship between the metric potentials. This relation leads to a viable deceleration parameter model which exhibits a transition of the Universe from deceleration to acceleration. In interacting case, we focus on sign-changeable interaction between Tsallis holographic dark energy and dark matter. The dynamical parameters like equation of state parameter, energy densities of Tsallis holographic dark energy and dark matter, deceleration parameter, and statefinder parameters of the models are explained through graphical representation. And also, we discussed the stability analysis of the our models.

scholarly journals Entropic Information Theory: Formulae and Quantum Gravity, Bits from bit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
olivier denis
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Information Framework

We show here that entropic information is capable of unifying all aspects of the universe at all scales in a coherent and global theoretical mathematical framework materialized by entropic information framework, theory and formulas, where dark matter, dark energy and gravity are truly informationals processes and where information is code and code is what creates the process, it is itself the process. Mass, energy and movement of information are respectively dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Here, we reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics by introducing quantum gravity for the Planckian scale. The formulas of entropic information are expressed in natural units, physical units of measurement based only on universal constants, constants, which refer to the basic structure of the laws of physics: C and G are part of the structure of space-time in general relativity, and h captures the relationship between energy and frequency that is the basis of quantum mechanics. Here we show that entropic information formulas are able to present entropic information in various unifying aspects and introduce gravity at the Planck scale. We prove that Entropic information theory is thus building the bridge between general relativity and quantum mechanics

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