THE ROLE OF INSTANT NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT ON PLANKTON SPECIES IN A CLOSED SYSTEM

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5_6) ◽  
pp. 555-566
Author(s):  
J. Dhar ◽  
A.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Nutrient Replenishment ◽  
Plankton Species

Of the Movement of Worms

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARTH CHAPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Cylindrical Form ◽  
Maximum Thrust

Four aspects of the functioning of a fluid-filled cylindrical animal have been examined, viz.: (I) the role of the body fluid as a skeleton for the interaction of the longitudinal and circular muscles of which the animal must be composed; (2) the measurement of the maximum thrust which the animal can exert by measurement of its internal hydrostatic pressure; (3) the application of the force to the substratum and the part played by friction; (4) the relation between the changes in dimensions of the animal and the working length of the muscles. Under (1) the necessity for a longitudinal and circular construction has been shown and the necessity for a closed system emphasized. Under (2) the pressure exerted on the body fluid by the contraction of the longitudinal and circular muscles is discussed, and from their cross-sectional areas it is shown to be probable that when contracting maximally in Lumbricus they are not balanced, but that the longitudinals are about ten times as strong as the circulars. Under (3) it is shown that the strength of an animal as measured by its internal hydrostatic pressure is sufficient to account for its customary activities. Use which may be made of the longitudinals during burrowing is pointed out. Under (4) it is shown to be mechanically sound for burrowing animals of cylindrical form to be ‘fat’, but that a ‘thin’ animal is more efficient at progression.

From Confrontation to Collaboration: Collegial Accountability and the Expanding Role of Pharmacists in the Management of Chronic Pain

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Brushwood
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Delivery Of Health Care ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Complex Drug

Federal and state laws create a tightly controlled system for distribution of those drugs that have recognized value in therapy, but also have the potential for abuse. The challenges pharmacists face in keeping controlled substances within the closed system are many and complex. Drug abusers and drug dealers have at times seen pharmacists as easy marks for access to abusable drugs. Unfortunately, pharmacists often find themselves in a game with criminals, who use both sophisticated and dangerous methods of inducing pharmacists to divert controlled substances. The effects of this problem on the health-care system have been judicially noted:The frequency of these crimes has terrorized the community of dispensing pharmacists. Some pharmacists have ceased to carry drugs that are highly desired on the black market, although this interferes with their patients’ ability to obtain necessary medicine. This has a serious potential to impede the delivery of health care in many communities around the nation.

scholarly journals Energy storage and coherence in closed and open quantum batteries

Quantum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Francesco Caravelli ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Luis Pedro García-Pintos ◽  
Alioscia Hamma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ising Model ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Unitary Operator ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Open Quantum ◽  
Open Case ◽  
Boson Model

We study the role of coherence in closed and open quantum batteries. We obtain upper bounds to the work performed or energy exchanged by both closed and open quantum batteries in terms of coherence. Specifically, we show that the energy storage can be bounded by the Hilbert-Schmidt coherence of the density matrix in the spectral basis of the unitary operator that encodes the evolution of the battery. We also show that an analogous bound can be obtained in terms of the battery's Hamiltonian coherence in the basis of the unitary operator by evaluating their commutator. We apply these bounds to a 4-state quantum system and the anisotropic XY Ising model in the closed system case, and the Spin-Boson model in the open case.

“Offices” in Bronze Inscriptions and Western Zhou Government Administration

Early China ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Feng
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Western Zhou ◽  
Bronze Inscriptions ◽  
Administrative Tasks ◽  
Royal Household

The present article focuses on the administrative process of the Western Zhou government and addresses the origin of bureaucratic government in China. The article first examinesgong宮 in bronze inscriptions that bore names of individuals or officials, suggesting that suchgonghad probably functioned as administrative “offices” of the Western Zhou government. Then, it focuses on inscriptions which record appointment ceremonies (ceming冊命) that took place in the same “offices.” These inscriptions show that there was a certain degree of specialization in the arrangement of appointments and in the use of “offices” for particular administrative tasks. In the appointment ceremonies, Western Zhou officials were normally accompanied by superior officials from the same government units, showing that there were three functional divisions in Western Zhou government administration: royal household, civil administration, and military. Each division operated as a relatively closed system andcemingwas a routine administrative procedure within the system. Finally, the article studies the role of the Zhou king in administration, showing that while engaging in the operation of government through his “ritual” role in the appointment ceremony, his visits to various gong seem to have followed a certain routine. The evidence in bronze inscriptions strongly suggests that the Western Zhou government was the earliest bureaucratic government in China.

Engineering Hollywood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luci Marzola
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Studio System

Engineering Hollywood tells the story of the formation of the Hollywood studio system not as the product of a genius producer, but as an industry that brought together creative practices and myriad cutting-edge technologies in ways that had never been seen before. Using extensive archival research, this book examines the role of technicians, engineers, and trade organizations in creating a stable technological infrastructure on which the studio system rested for decades. Here the studio system is seen as a technology-dependent business with connections to the larger American industrial world. By focusing on the role played by technology, we see a new map of the studio system beyond the backlots of Los Angeles and the front offices in New York. In this study, Hollywood includes the labs of industrial manufacturers, the sales routes of independent firms, the garages of tinkerers, and the clubhouses of technicians’ societies. Rather than focusing on the technical improvements in any particular motion picture tool, this book centers on the larger systems and infrastructures for dealing with technology in this creative industry. Engineering Hollywood argues that the American industry was stabilized and able to dominate the motion picture field for decades through collaboration over technologies of everyday use. Hollywood’s relationship to its essential technology was fundamentally one of interdependence and cooperation—with manufacturers, trade organizations, and the competing studios. Accordingly, Hollywood could be defined as an industry by participation in a closed system of cooperation that allowed a select group of producers and manufacturers to dominate the motion picture business for decades.

scholarly journals NORWIDOWSKA KONCEPCJA ORYGINALNOŚCI LITERACKIEJ W ŚWIETLE DZIEJÓW POETYKI

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Old Masters ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Combined Work

Norwid’s concept of Literary Originality in the Light of the History of Poetics The article presents Norwid’s concept of literary originality with reference to selected terms from the European theory of poetry. Norwid’s reflections about writing function predominantly within the confines of his philosophical concepts, which were mostly inspired by the philosophy of Plato and Christian thought and were related to his vision of God, the world, man, and artist. One can discover, however, a rich set of terms coming from traditional poetics in the works of the author of Quidam. Norwid’s thinking about originality is firmly rooted in tradition and links diverse inspirations and threads in a distinctive way. As such it shows telling paradoxes by containing unequivocal objection to imitating nature and exemplary works. At the same time, it underscores Norwid’s reliance on the old masters, advocates for the freedom and authenticity of artists, and highlights the role of the form in the creative process. While not dismissing the contradictory categories of ‘obscurity’ and fragmentariness, Norwid also pays attention to the value of artistic perfection. His concepts do not form a closed system of aesthetic views. Instead, they constitute an elastic catalogue of indications whose employment requires combined work of the imagination, intellect, and emotions as well as the alertness of one’s conscience and spiritual energy. Norwid believed that the primary duty of art was expressing the truth about the world.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor
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