scholarly journals Stability of the Cross Linking Component of the Biosensor Receptor Layer after Addition of Gold Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kłos-Witkowska ◽  
Vasyl Martsenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Receptor Layer

In this study, the stability of the receptor layer component of a biosensor after addition of gold nanoparticles was investigated. Accelerated conformational changes under the influence of Au were demonstrated. The relative percentage changes over time between the pure protein and the Au doped protein were calculated. It was shown that these changes are greater with time and exceed 20 % in the last days of the experiment.

scholarly journals Stability of risk attitude, agricultural policies and production shocks: evidence from Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bozzola ◽  
Robert Finger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article investigates the stability of farmers’ risk attitude over time. To this end, we estimate responses to changes in agricultural policies and production shocks. We use a unique panel data of over 36,000 Italian farms specialised in cereals, during the period 1989–2009. We find evidence of risk preference changes over time in response to changes in the European Union Common Agricultural Policy and possibly after a drought-induced production shock.

Some properties of 2-5A binding/nucleolytic activities in gel filtered rabbit reticulocyte lysates

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Wu ◽  
Stanley J. Wertheimer ◽  
Behruz Eslami ◽  
Joanne C. Figuereido ◽  
Biswendu B. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Binding Activity ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Elution Profile ◽  
Viral Mrna ◽  
Reticulocyte Lysates ◽  
Atp Analogs ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

Rabbit reticulocyte lysates, gel filtered on Sephadex G-25 with or without ATP (or its analogs), were preincubated at 37°C and their subsequent binding to p3A4,3′-[32P]pCp was studied. Lysates filtered without ATP or in the presence of 0.1 mM 8-bromo-ATP, 1,N6-etheno-ATP, or ITP showed a time-dependent decrease in binding activity. This decrease was completely prevented when lysates were filtered with 0.1 mM ATP, 2′-deoxy-ATP, β-γ-methylene-ATP, or ATP-γ-S. The stability of binding provided by ATP or 2′-deoxy-ATP analogs corresponds to a more active 2–5A dependent endonucleolytic (RNAase L) activity based on studies using [3H] viral mRNA. Chromatography on heparin-agarose showed that ATP-supplemented gel-filtered reticulocyte lysates had a different p3A4,3′-[32P]pCp binding activity elution-profile than lysates gel-filtered in the absence of ATP. Covalent cross-linking of periodate-oxidized p3A4,3′-[32P]pC to gelfiltered lysates, preincubated at 0°C or 37°C for 30 min, showed the following results: (1) all lysates gave a major cross-linking of the radioactive ligand to an 80 000 dalton polypeptide, regardless of the temperature of preincubation, (2) Iysates gel-filtered without ATP, with 0.1 mM ITP, or β-γ-methylene-ATP, showed a significant reduction in the cross-linking of the 80 000 dalton protein, after preincubation at 37°C for 30 min. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the labeling of two smaller polypeptides.

Preparation of Stable Hydrophilic Polyethyleneimine Cross-Linked Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Membranes for Dye Separation

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150008
Author(s):  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Jinhua Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhanchao Liu ◽  
Weifu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Static Water ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

An excellent novel laminar and hierarchical polyethyleneimine cross-linked graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO–TiO2–PEI) membrane was successfully prepared by vacuum filtration technology using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the cross-linking agent and a GO–TiO2 nanocomposite as the substrate. The resultant membrane (GO–TiO2–PEI) displayed a favorable antifouling performance with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and showed good hydrophilicity and wettability, with a static water contact angle of 13.2∘. The stability of the GO–TiO2–PEI membrane in aqueous solution obviously improved with the cross-linking of PEI compared with that of the GO and GO–TiO2 membranes. The GO–TiO2–PEI membrane also exhibited a satisfactory water flux of 48.6[Formula: see text]L m[Formula: see text] h[Formula: see text] bar[Formula: see text]. The GO–TiO2–PEI membrane exhibited a good performance for effectively separating different dyes including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), methyl orange (MO), sunset yellow (SY), new coccine (NC) and amaranth. All the above results suggested that the GO–TiO2–PEI membrane could be used as an excellent stable hydrophilic membrane for efficiently separating dyes from aqueous solution.

Selective colorimetric analysis of spermine based on the cross-linking aggregation of gold nanoparticles chain assembly

Talanta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Zhu Lian Wu ◽  
Hong Zhi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Fang Li ◽  
Cheng Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Colorimetric Analysis ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals An Atomic Model of Actin Filaments Cross-Linked by Fimbrin and Its Implications for Bundle Assembly and Function

2001 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Volkmann ◽  
David DeRosier ◽  
Paul Matsudaira ◽  
Dorit Hanein
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Atomic Model ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Actin Bundles ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Function

Actin bundles have profound effects on cellular shape, division, adhesion, motility, and signaling. Fimbrin belongs to a large family of actin-bundling proteins and is involved in the formation of tightly ordered cross-linked bundles in the brush border microvilli and in the stereocilia of inner ear hair cells. Polymorphism in these three-dimensional (3D) bundles has prevented the detailed structural characterization required for in-depth understanding of their morphogenesis and function. Here, we describe the structural characterization of two-dimensional arrays of actin cross-linked with human T-fimbrin. Structural information obtained by electron microscopy, x-ray crystallography, and homology modeling allowed us to build the first molecular model for the complete actin–fimbrin cross-link. The restriction of the arrays to two dimensions allowed us to deduce the spatial relationship between the components, the mode of fimbrin cross-linking, and the flexibility within the cross-link. The atomic model of the fimbrin cross-link, the cross-linking rules deduced from the arrays, and the hexagonal packing of actin bundles in situ were all combined to generate an atomic model for 3D actin–fimbrin bundles. Furthermore, the assembly of the actin–fimbrin arrays suggests coupling between actin polymerization, fimbrin binding, and crossbridge formation, presumably achieved by a feedback between conformational changes and changes in affinity.

A Hydroxyapatite-Collagen Composite Useful to Make Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Bone Reconstruction

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio D. Guerra ◽  
Caterina Cristallini ◽  
Elisabetta Rosellini ◽  
Niccoletta Barbani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bioresorbable Scaffolds ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

Composites between hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (Col) may be used to make bioresorbable scaffolds for bone reconstruction. A suspension of micro-particles (average diameter ≅ 30 µm) of HA annealed at 1100°C in Col solution (80:20 HA to Col weight ratio) was manufactured in films by casting, and then some films were cross-linked by glutaraldehyde vapours. Cross-linked sponges were obtained by treating the suspension with transglutaminase, and by lyophilizing the so obtained gel. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy, water sorption test, Col release in water, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry shows that the cross-linking enhances the stability of the composite. Conversely, neither the interactions between HA and Col, detected by spotlight FT-IR, nor the degradation by collagenase, which is a requirement for the bioresorbibility, are affected by the cross-linking.

Elasticity of networks with permanent and thermoreversible cross-links

2009 ◽  
Vol 1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Flexible Chain ◽  
Fiber Networks ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

AbstractSimplified models of flexible chain and stiff fiber networks are introduced to address how the network elasticity becomes modified when the cross-linking is thermoreversible in nature and changes in the stability of the network with deformation. These idealized models apparently able to capture many aspects of the elastic properties of real networks.

scholarly journals The development of the spinning wheel in ancient China

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
RAO JUE ◽  
LONGDI CHENG ◽  
YUNYING LIU
Keyword(s):  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Truncated Cone ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

As textile demand increased in ancient China, the spinning wheel became more widely used in the Neolithic era and was responsible for the main spinning tasks over the last few thousand years. This work explores the changes over time in the shape, diameter, and thickness of the spinning wheel in the Cross-lake Bridge, Hemudu, Yangshao, Qujialing, and Shijiahe cultures. The disc-like shape, mound-like shape, bead shape, and truncated cone shape are deemed to have been the best spinning wheel forms in the later stages – especially the disc-like spinning wheel. The spinning wheel with a diameter of 2–9 cm and a thickness of 0.1 to 9.0 cm was used throughout prehistoric times. In the late Neolithic period, a disc-like spinning wheel with a diameter of 3–4 cm and a thickness of less than a cm was the most frequently used design. This study shows that the change in the shape, diameter, and thickness of the spinning wheel is the inevitable result of the change in the tool’s design points, thereby revealing improvements in spinning efficiency

scholarly journals The Success of Business Forecasting: Comparisons across Industries, Countries and Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Tobias F. Rötheli
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Electric Machinery ◽  
Forecasting Performance ◽  
Business Forecasting ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
German Data ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Over Time

This study assesses the accuracy of forecasts by industry branches. Such an investigation provides a perspective on the relative benefits of forecasting in different industries. Accuracy of forecasting is assessed by econometrically investigating expectations data on firms’ production drawn from surveys covering manufacturing. Such data is available for only few countries and few historical periods. We study U.S. data covering the 1980s and German data over the period from 1991 to 2018. We first present rankings of industries according to forecast accuracy for both countries. Then the historical gap between the two countries’ data set is put to use to assess the stability and the dynamics in the relevance of forecasting in different branches of industry. We identify several industries that – across time and place – are among the most (e.g., electric machinery) and least accurate forecasters (e.g., the food industry). By contrast in some industries forecasting performance appear to undergo noticeable changes over time: the reported evidence suggests that forecasting has lost some of its potential in the printing and textile industries while gaining over time in the nonelectric machinery and in the metals industry. The findings can help management to make decisions regarding the allocation of resources to forecasting.

scholarly journals The Use of the ATD Technique to Measure the Gelation Time of Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6022
Author(s):  
Jakub Smoleń ◽  
Piotr Olesik ◽  
Paweł Gradoń ◽  
Mateusz Chudy ◽  
Bogusław Mendala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, we investigated the thermodynamics of the resin curing process, when it was a part of composition with graphite powder and cut carbon fibers, to precisely determine the time and temperature of gelation. The material for the research is a set of commercial epoxy resins with a gelation time not exceeding 100 min. The curing process was characterized for the neat resins and for resins with 10% by weight of flake graphite and cut carbon fibers. The results recorded in the analysis of temperature derivative (ATD) method unequivocally showed that the largest first derivative registered during the test is the gel point of the resin. The innovative approach to measuring the gelation time of resins facilitates the measurements while ensuring the stability of the curing process compared to the normative tests that introduce mechanical interaction. In addition, it was found during the research that the introduction of 10% by weight of carbon particles in the form of graphite and cut carbon fibers rather shortens the gelation time and lowers the temperature peak due to the effective absorption and storage of heat from the cross-linking system. The inhibiting (or accelerating) action of fillers is probably dependent on chemical activity of the cross-linking system.

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