scholarly journals Experimental and Simulation Studies on the Voltage Drop of Arc in Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Splitters

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
J. Lu ◽  
G. Déplaude ◽  
P. Freton ◽  
J-J. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Joyeux
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
A Current

In low voltage circuit breaker (LVCB) apparatus, a current limitation is performed by increasing the arc voltage. This increase is mainly realized in the splitters plates of the arc chamber by additional drop voltages due to anode and cathode sheaths regions. The consideration of the voltage drops near-electrodes regions is so one of the most important mechanism to improve the description of the arc behavior in LVCB. In this paper, the arc voltage evolution has been studied by experimental and simulation by considering a simple geometry constituted by two rails runner with one or two splitters plates. One magneto hydrodynamic model in three dimensions (3D) was developed to simulate the arc motion and the arc splitting process. In order to compare with the model results, experimental tests have been carried out.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Arc Motion Between Two Parallel Runners with Splitter Plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
J. Lu ◽  
J.-J. Gonzalez ◽  
P. Freton ◽  
M. Benmouffok ◽  
P. Fort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Splitter Plates

In this paper, we present an experimental study in a simplified arc chamber geometry of Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker (LVCB). The influence of vent aperture on arc motion and the influence of splitter plates on arc voltage drop and arc motion are studied. The arc chamber is composed by two parallel arc runners and following the configuration chosen by one or two splitter plates. The experimental setup is completed by a generator (capacitor bench with triggered switch), a high-speed camera and electrical measurements. The arc ignition, arc displacement, arc splitting and arc re-strike have been observed. The results will be described and discussed for different experimental configurations.

A Review on Low Voltage Ride-Through Solutions for PMSG Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hai Qin Xue ◽  
Shui Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Wind Power System ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Wind Power Systems

The exiting of wind turbines will cause the adverse effect on the power grid and its assembling unit in network voltage drops. So, direct-drive wind power generation system should meet the requirement of the certain ability of low voltage. This paper introduces the influence of wind power system with different structure by voltage drop as well as the disadvantage and advantage on LVRT. The relate regulations based on LVRT are analyzed. The existing LVRT technologies of direct-drive wind power systems are briefly presented. The characteristics of each scheme from the different LVRT technology are analyzed. Moreover, further study of LVRT for PMSG is pointed out.

scholarly journals Effects of Grid Disturbances on Current Source Rectifier Controlled by FCS-MPC Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
A. Godlewska
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Grid Voltage ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Control Set ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Current

Abstract Nowadays, the increasing number of non-linear loads influences the grid, causing grid voltage disturbances. These disturbances may be very dangerous for the equipment and can create faults in converter behaviour. However, the right control algorithm can improve the reliability of the work. For a current source rectifier, the finite control set model predictive control has been proposed. This method is very flexible because of the variety of the possible cost function forms. It has been examined under grid voltage disturbed by the higher harmonics and the voltage drop. Simulation results prove the ability to damp the distortions and to ensure the unity power factor. Summing up, the algorithm is a very good solution for use in applications such as battery charging, active power filtering and low-voltage direct current load feeding.

scholarly journals Aging Characteristics of Contact Electrodes of Low Voltage DC Switches

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6838
Author(s):  
Hyosung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Test Operation

With the present state of the direct current (DC) distribution market, securing the safety of the DC distribution system is emerging as a major issue. Like AC distribution systems, DC switches and circuit breakers are one of the main means to ensure safety. However, in the DC system, since there is no current zero point in the load current, the phenomenon occurring when the circuit is cut off is different from that of the AC system, so technical research is required to cope with this. In this study, the aging characteristics of the contact electrode of a 400 V class low voltage DC (LVDC) switch is studied for the development of wall-mount switches or circuit breakers for residential houses. As an arc extinguishing method to break DC load current, a prototype experimental circuit breaker that uses a magnetic extinguishing method that is effective for blocking low voltage low power DC is invented, and an automated experiment system is established. The DC switch test repeats the operation of turning it on and off 13,000 times, and continuously evaluates the performance of the electric contacts by calculating the voltage drop between the electrode contacts and the corresponding Ohmic resistance value when conducting every 500 times. This paper tests six contact materials to compare the aging characteristics of them by evaluating contact resistance during the test period. AW18-Cu composite material showed the most stable and excellent contact performance for LVDC switches during the entire test operation period.

Reduction of the Low Voltage Substation Constraints by Inserting Photovoltaic Systems in Underserved Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Benbouza Naima ◽  
Benfarhi Louiza ◽  
Azoui Boubekeur
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Transformer Substation ◽  
Load Pattern

Background: The improvement of the voltage in power lines and the respect of the low voltage distribution transformer substations constraints (Transformer utilization rate and Voltage drop) are possible by several means: reinforcement of conductor sections, installation of new MV / LV substations (Medium Voltage (MV), Low Voltage (LV)), etc. Methods: Connection of mini-photovoltaic systems (PV) to the network, or to consumers in underserved areas, is a well-adopted solution to solve the problem of voltage drop and lighten the substation transformer, and at the same time provide clean electrical energy. PV systems can therefore contribute to this solution since they produce energy at the deficit site. Results: This paper presents the improvement of transformer substation constraints, supplying an end of low voltage electrical line, by inserting photovoltaic systems at underserved subscribers. Conclusion: This study is applied to a typical load pattern, specified to the consumers region.

scholarly journals Heuristic Optimization of Overloading Due to Electric Vehicles in a Low Voltage Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6069
Author(s):  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Peter Schegner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nodal Voltage

It is important to understand the effect of increasing electric vehicles (EV) penetrations on the existing electricity transmission infrastructure and to find ways to mitigate it. While, the easiest solution is to opt for equipment upgrades, the potential for reducing overloading, in terms of voltage drops, and line loading by way of optimization of the locations at which EVs can charge, is significant. To investigate this, a heuristic optimization approach is proposed to optimize EV charging locations within one feeder, while minimizing nodal voltage drops, cable loading and overall cable losses. The optimization approach is compared to typical unoptimized results of a monte-carlo analysis. The results show a reduction in peak line loading in a typical benchmark 0.4 kV by up to 10%. Further results show an increase in voltage available at different nodes by up to 7 V in the worst case and 1.5 V on average. Optimization for a reduction in transmission losses shows insignificant savings for subsequent simulation. These optimization methods may allow for the introduction of spatial pricing across multiple nodes within a low voltage network, to allow for an electricity price for EVs independent of temporal pricing models already in place, to reflect the individual impact of EVs charging at different nodes across the network.

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