scholarly journals Measurement of Deformations by MEMS Arrays, Verified at Sub-millimetre Level Using Robotic Total Stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Beran ◽  
Lee Danisch ◽  
Adam Chrzanowski ◽  
Maciej Bazanowski
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rigid Objects ◽  
Micro Electromechanical System

Measurement of sub-millimetre-level deformations of structures in the presence of ambient temperature changes can be challenging. This paper describes the measurement of a structure moving due to temperature changes, using two ShapeAccelArray (SAA) instruments, and verified by a geodetic monitoring system. SAA is a geotechnical instrument often used for monitoring of displacements in soil. SAA uses micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors to measure tilt in the gravity field. The geodetic monitoring system, which uses ALERT software, senses the displacements of targets relative to control points, using a robotic total station (RTS). The test setup consists of a central four-metre free-standing steel tube with other steel tubes welded to most of its length. The central tube is anchored in a concrete foundation. This composite “pole” is equipped with two SAAs as well as three geodetic prisms mounted on the top, in the middle, and in the foundation. The geodetic system uses multiple control targets mounted in concrete foundations of nearby buildings, and at the base of the pole. Long-term observations using two SAAs indicate that the pole is subject to deformations due to cyclical ambient temperature variations causing the pole to move by a few millimetres each day. In a multiple-day experiment, it was possible to track this movement using SAA as well as the RTS system. This paper presents data comparing the measurements of the two instruments and provides a good example of the detection of two-dimensional movements of seemingly rigid objects due to temperature changes.

On-Line Monitoring of Charge Unit by Using Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 1672-1678
Author(s):  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Xiao Ping Xu ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jiang Chun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
On Line

The charge unit supply power when the power is cut off. It has been the necessary components in every type of substations to ensure the continuous operations of electric relays, automatic devices and circuit breakers. By using contacting electrical insulating Fiber Bragg Grating temperature sensor, the monitored equipment can be measured and controlled under the safe temperature. The temperatures of three fans and environment have been surveyed since June 6, 2010, in the charge unit of Yanjin substation’s main control room. The real-time monitoring of 24-hours indicates that the temperature changes in the range of 1°C. At the long-term of 479 days, the average daily minimum temperature range of three fans is 12.48°C, and the maximum range is 23.07°C. The maximum temperature is 39.14°C on April 30, 2011, and the minimum temperature is 23.98°C on January 10, 2011. The daily average of ambient temperature range is 12.04 °C, the maximum temperature is 38.38 °C on July 16, 2010, and the minimum temperature is 26.34 °C on January 9, 2011. The maximum difference between the temperature of fan and the ambient temperature is 7.60 °C on October 23, 2010. According to the relevant standards and monitoring results, the maximum threshold of fan temperature is defined to 85°C, and the threshold of temperature rise is 20°C.

Installation procedure for thermal conductivity matric suction sensors and analysis of their long-term readings

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Tan ◽  
Delwyn G Fredlund ◽  
Brent Marjerison
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Soil Suction ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Long Term Measurement

Thermal conductivity matric suction sensors have enabled continuous and long-term measurement of matric suction and temperature, even in remote locations. Long-term temperature and matric suction readings were obtained from below two thin-membrane-system sites in Torquay and Bethune, Saskatchewan. The method used to install the sensors and the data acquisition system is presented. An understanding of the subgrade soil suction and temperature changes throughout the year was obtained from the data. The change in matric suction and temperature with depth and distance was also determined. Observation of the amplitude and frequency of the fluctuations in the temperature readings provided a better understanding of the changing trends. Environmental effects, such as hysteresis associated with drying and wetting of the sensors and the effect of the ambient temperature on the sensors, were found to influence the matric suction readings. Several correction factors have been proposed to eliminate the influence of the ambient temperature, and the correction methods are compared.Key words: thermal conductivity, matric suction, sensors.

On-Line Monitoring of Air Cooler in Transformer by Using Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Xue ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Lan Yun Wang ◽  
Min Ji Wang ◽  
Cheng Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Daily Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
On Line ◽  
Maximum Threshold

The air cooler reduce the working temperature of the transformer, high temperature will reduce the transformers life, and even make insulation overheating, aging, then the transformer will be damaged. The air cooler which is forced oil circulation in transformer outdoor in substation has been monitored. The real-time monitoring of 24-hours indicates that the temperature changes in the range of 3°C. The ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of fan about 1°C. At the long-term of 479 days, the average daily temperature range of fan is 35.32°C, the maximum temperature is 50.25°C on August 18,2011, and the maximum temperature is 14.93°C on January 17, 2011. The daily average of ambient temperature range is 37.59°C, the maximum temperature is 51.16°C on August 17, 2011,and the minimum temperature is 13.57°C on January 17, 2011. The maximum difference between the temperature of fan and the ambient temperature is 12.48°C on September 15, 2011. According to the relevant standards and monitoring results, the maximum threshold of fan temperature is defined to 80°C, and the threshold of temperature rise is 20°C.

966-P: The Long-Term Impact of a Flash Glucose Monitoring System on Glycemic Control

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 966-P
Author(s):  
ATSUSHI FUJIYA ◽  
TOSHIKI KIYOSE ◽  
TAIGA SHIBATA ◽  
HIROSHI SOBAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring System

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of palladium-dotted nickel nanowire networks as a robust self-supported methanol electrooxidation catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Boettcher ◽  
Sasho Stojkovikj ◽  
Prashant Khadke ◽  
Ulrike Kunz ◽  
Matthew T. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Nickel Nanowire ◽  
Nanowire Networks

Abstract Mass activity and long-term stability are two major issues in current fuel cell catalyst designs. While supported catalysts normally suffer from poor long-term stability but show high mass activity, unsupported catalysts tend to perform better in the first point while showing deficits in the latter one. In this study, a facile synthesis route towards self-supported metallic electrocatalyst nanoarchitectures with both aspects in mind is outlined. This procedure consists of a palladium seeding step of ion track-etched polymer templates followed by a nickel electrodeposition and template dissolution. With this strategy, free-standing nickel nanowire networks which contain palladium nanoparticles only in their outer surface are obtained. These networks are tested in anodic half-cell measurements for demonstrating their capability of oxidising methanol in alkaline electrolytes. The results from the electrochemical experiments show that this new catalyst is more tolerant towards high methanol concentrations (up to $${5}\,\hbox{mol}\,\hbox{L}^{-1}$$ 5 mol L - 1 ) than a commercial carbon supported palladium nanoparticle catalyst and provides a much better long-term stability during potential cycling. Graphical Abstract

Modeling of unforced demand response programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Jalili ◽  
Pierluigi Siano
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Demand Response Programs ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Demand response programs are useful options in reducing electricity price, congestion relief, load shifting, peak clipping, valley filling and resource adequacy from the system operator’s viewpoint. For this purpose, many models of these programs have been developed. However, the availability of these resources has not been properly modeled in demand response models making them not practical for long-term studies such as in the resource adequacy problem where considering the providers’ responding uncertainties is necessary for long-term studies. In this paper, a model considering providers’ unavailability for unforced demand response programs has been developed. Temperature changes, equipment failures, simultaneous implementation of demand side management resources, popular TV programs and family visits are the main reasons that may affect the availability of the demand response providers to fulfill their commitments. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been demonstrated by numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Maps, trends, and temperature sensitivities—phenological information from and for decreasing numbers of volunteer observers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Stefan Härer ◽  
Tobias Ottenheym ◽  
Gourav Misra ◽  
Alissa Lüpke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Interpolation Accuracy ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Shiny App ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Autumn And Winter

AbstractPhenology serves as a major indicator of ongoing climate change. Long-term phenological observations are critically important for tracking and communicating these changes. The phenological observation network across Germany is operated by the National Meteorological Service with a major contribution from volunteering activities. However, the number of observers has strongly decreased for the last decades, possibly resulting in increasing uncertainties when extracting reliable phenological information from map interpolation. We studied uncertainties in interpolated maps from decreasing phenological records, by comparing long-term trends based on grid-based interpolated and station-wise observed time series, as well as their correlations with temperature. Interpolated maps in spring were characterized by the largest spatial variabilities across Bavaria, Germany, with respective lowest interpolated uncertainties. Long-term phenological trends for both interpolations and observations exhibited mean advances of −0.2 to −0.3 days year−1 for spring and summer, while late autumn and winter showed a delay of around 0.1 days year−1. Throughout the year, temperature sensitivities were consistently stronger for interpolated time series than observations. Such a better representation of regional phenology by interpolation was equally supported by satellite-derived phenological indices. Nevertheless, simulation of observer numbers indicated that a decline to less than 40% leads to a strong decrease in interpolation accuracy. To better understand the risk of declining phenological observations and to motivate volunteer observers, a Shiny app is proposed to visualize spatial and temporal phenological patterns across Bavaria and their links to climate change–induced temperature changes.

scholarly journals Wire-in-Wire TiO2/C Nanofibers Free-Standing Anodes for Li-Ion and K-Ion Batteries with Long Cycling Stability and High Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Die Su ◽  
Yi Pei ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhixiao Liu ◽  
Junfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
High Specific Capacity ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride ◽  
Carbon Network

AbstractWearable and portable mobile phones play a critical role in the market, and one of the key technologies is the flexible electrode with high specific capacity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, a wire-in-wire TiO2/C nanofibers (TiO2 ww/CN) film is synthesized via electrospinning with selenium as a structural inducer. The interconnected carbon network and unique wire-in-wire nanostructure cannot only improve electronic conductivity and induce effective charge transports, but also bring a superior mechanic flexibility. Ultimately, TiO2 ww/CN film shows outstanding electrochemical performance as free-standing electrodes in Li/K ion batteries. It shows a discharge capacity as high as 303 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 6000 cycles in Li half-cells, and the unique structure is well-reserved after long-term cycling. Moreover, even TiO2 has a large diffusion barrier of K+, TiO2 ww/CN film demonstrates excellent performance (259 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) in K half-cells owing to extraordinary pseudocapacitive contribution. The Li/K full cells consisted of TiO2 ww/CN film anode and LiFePO4/Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode possess outstanding cycling stability and demonstrate practical application from lighting at least 19 LEDs. It is, therefore, expected that this material will find broad applications in portable and wearable Li/K-ion batteries.

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