scholarly journals Temperature of Steel Columns under Natural Fire

10.14311/642 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wald ◽  
P. Studecká ◽  
L. Kroupa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Temperature Development

Current fire design models for time-temperature development within structural elements as well as for structural behaviour are based on isolated member tests subjected to standard fire regimes, which serve as a reference heating, but do not model natural fire. Only tests on a real structure under a natural fire can evaluate future models of the temperature developments in a fire compartment, of the transfer of heat into the structure and of the overall structural behaviour under fire.To study overall structural behaviour, a research project was conducted on an eight storey steel frame building at the  Cardington Building Research Establishment laboratory on January 16, 2003. A fire compartment 11×7 m was prepared on the fourth floor. A fire load of 40 kg/m2 was applied with 100 % permanent mechanical load and 65 % of imposed load. The paper summarises the experimental programme and shows the temperature development of the gas in the fire compartment and of the fire protected columns bearing the unprotected floors.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE BASED COUPLED CFD-FEM ANALYSIS OF 3-BAY HIGH INDUSTRIAL HALL UNDER NATURAL FIRE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Malendowski ◽  
Adam Glema ◽  
Wojciech Szymkuc
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, the main emphasis is put into showing differences between standard fire design of structural elements and performance based approach, that takes into account analysis of structure under natural fire. The exemplary structure is a 3-bay 65,0x110,0 m in plane and 22,0 m high industrial hall with heavy cranes. Because of the significant volume with respect to fire load, there is a low probability that the fully developed fire can occur, nonetheless regarding technological process, a significant local fire could take place and affect the neighbour structure. The most complex approach used in this work is based on coupled CFD-FEM analysis of influence of local fire onto structure.Fire exposure of structural elements is calculated by the coupling scripts, taking into account real heat exposure of section by using adiabatic surface temperature approach.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF A CONCRETE BUILDING EXPOSED TO NATURAL FIRE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sauca ◽  
Thomas Gernay ◽  
Fabienne Robert ◽  
Jean Marc Franssen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Temperature Development ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
External Loads

In this paper is presented the analysis of a concrete building exposed to OZone fire. The temperature development in the elements and the structural behaviour were calculated in SAFIR using beam elements for the columns and beams and shell elements for the floor slabs. The first floor was modelled and the effects of action from the upper storeys are applied as external loads. It is shown how the numerical analysis allows understanding the behaviour of the structure when exposed to a natural fire until complete cooling by analysing the evolution of displacements, the distributions of bending moments in the beams, the membrane forces in the slab, and the stresses in the elements. All this detailed information would not be available from an experimental test.

Anthropogenic Landscapes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Fire Use ◽  
Plant Foraging

It has been suggested that anthropogenic burning may have altered Southwest landscapes at a large scale. Southwestern biomes vary in their propensity for and their susceptibility to anthropogenic burning practices. Anthropogenic burning to enhance the productivity of wild plant foraging or agriculture was probably limited in scale; on the other hand, fire use in hunting, religious practice, and warfare may have impacted larger scales, though at lower intensity. Middle-elevation forests, woodlands, and grasslands were the biotic zones most likely to be impacted by anthropogenic burning, but sophisticated mimicry of natural fire regimes means that the evidence of such impact is ambiguous.

scholarly journals Practical method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah F. El-Fitiany ◽  
Maged A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Rc Columns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Axial Capacity ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Structural Engineers

Purpose Existing analytical methods for the evaluation of fire safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures require extensive knowledge of heat transfer calculations and the finite element method. This paper aims to propose a rational method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire. Design/methodology/approach The average temperature distribution along the section height is first predicted for a specific fire scenario. The corresponding distribution of the reduced concrete strength is then integrated to develop expressions to calculate the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to fire from four faces. Findings These expressions provide structural engineers with a rational tool to satisfy the objective-based design clauses specified in the National Code of Canada in lieu of the traditional prescriptive methods. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to standard fire curves and needs to be extended to cover natural fire curves. Originality/value This paper is the first to propose an accurate yet simple method to calculate the axial capacity of columns exposed to standard fire curves. The method can be applied using a simple Excel sheet. It can be further developed to apply to natural fire curves.

Differences in germination response to smoke and temperature cues in ‘pyrophyte’ and ‘pyrofuge’ forms of Erica coccinea (Ericaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Leonard ◽  
Adam G. West ◽  
Fernando Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
The South ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
In Fire

Many plants in fire-prone ecosystems produce seeds that are cued to germinate after fire. However, fire is not uniform in the landscape, and there are often refugia where fire does not reach, like rocky outcrops or moist valleys. Erica coccinea, a heath shrub from the South African fynbos, has two distinct pyrophyte forms (a resprouter and a seeder) as well as a ‘pyrofuge’ form that only occurs in fire refugia. We measured germination response to smoke and incubation temperature in seeds from pyrophyte (resprouter and seeder) and pyrofuge populations to determine whether these forms responded differently to a fire-cue (smoke) and a general germination cue (temperature). We found that seeds from pyrofuge plants had high germination success (80.9–92.0%) at the lowest incubation temperature (15/8°C 12h day/night cycle) regardless of smoke exposure. In contrast, seeds from pyrophytes (resprouters and seeders) responded strongly to the smoke cue (71.2–95.0%) and were not as limited by temperature. These results show that fire presence and absence is driving divergence of the primary germination cue in Erica coccinea. Given the patchiness of many natural fire regimes worldwide, we expect there may be pyrofuge populations exhibiting a similar divergence of traits in other species and other fire-prone ecosystems.

scholarly journals Calculation of fire resistance of building structures in software packages

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitriev ◽  
Vladimir Lyulikov ◽  
Olga Bazhenova ◽  
Dmitry Bayanov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Intuitive User Interface

In the article a review of modern software systems allowing calculating the distribution of temperature fields in a structure in time, without loading and with it (the fire resistance limit of structures) under conditions of a special fire load has been given. The algorithm of the finite element method is used for the calculations, on which each of the considered complexes is based. Specifically: Sofistik, Abaqus, Normcad, Ansys, Robot structure. Comparative analysis has been made from the point of view of intuitive user interface, the possibilities of modeling various conditions and fire regimes, tools for communication with other software complexes and the format of output of results. The results demonstrating the capabilities of the post-processor Sofistik have been presented.

scholarly journals Pipe-concrete columns of buildings and their fire-resistance determination

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Nikolay Ilyin ◽  
Nadezhda Kondratyeva ◽  
Vasily Zaiko
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
New Method ◽  
Statistical Quality Control ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Metal Pipes

The research recognizes the necessity of developing a new method of calculation of pipe-concrete columns fire-resistance. It is important for expending the area of their application in construction of buildings and structures; in unique structures as well. The authors apply a simplified mathematical description of the process of pipe-concrete columns resistance to the standard fire effect. This method helps to increase the accuracy of fire resistance level determination to expand these constructions use. If buildings materials are rationally combined, it is possible to produce reliable and sufficiently fireproof structures. Pipe-concrete columns which are, in fact, metal pipes filled with concrete can serve as an example of such structures. Nowadays, field tests are used to determine pipe-concrete constructions fire resistance. The authors introduce a methodology of theoretical determination of pipe-concrete columns fire resistance limit. The use of the proposed methodology makes it possible to reduce labor and economic costs while determining buildings resistance with the use of the pipe-concrete. It opens a possibility of pipe-concrete structures reasonable application in construction practice. The use of this new method allows us to determine pipe-concrete columns fire resistance without resorting to natural fire. It also increases the accuracy of statistical quality control and non-destructive tests. The calculations made in this study as well as previous tests conducted by other researches prove that there is no need for additional fire protection of pipe-concrete columns.

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