scholarly journals Study of Silicon Photomultipliers for the GRIPS Calorimeter Module

10.14311/1716 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Ulyanov ◽  
Lorraine Hanlon ◽  
Sheila McBreen ◽  
Suzanne Foley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Pair Creation ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Silicon Photomultipliers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scintillator Material ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Infrared Telescopes

GRIPS is a proposed gamma-ray (200 keV to 80 MeV) astronomy mission, which incorporates a pair-creation and Compton scattering telescope, along with X-ray and infrared telescopes. It will carry out a sensitive all-sky scanning survey, investigating phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts, blazars and core collapse supernovae. The main telescope is composed of a Si strip detector surroundedby a calorimeter with a fast scintillator material. We present the initial results of a study which considers the potential use of silicon photomultipliers in conjunction with the scintillator in the GRIPS calorimeter module.

scholarly journals Supernovae and Gamma-ray Bursts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Mazzali
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Broad Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Duration

AbstractThe properties of the Supernovae discovered in coincidence with long-duration Gamma-ray Bursts and X-Ray Flashes are reviewed, and compared to those of SNe for which GRBs are not observed. The SNe associated with GRBs are of Type Ic, they are brighter than the norm, and show very broad absorption lines in their spectra, indicative of high expansion velocities and hence of large explosion kinetic energies. This points to a massive star origin, and to the birth of a black hole at the time of core collapse. There is strong evidence for gross asymmetries in the SN ejecta. The observational evidence seems to suggest that GRB/SNe are more massive and energetic than XRF/SNe, and come from more massive stars. While for GRB/SNe the collapsar model is favoured, XRF/SNe may host magnetars.

scholarly journals Relativistic and Newtonian Shock Breakouts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Ehud Nakar
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarf ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Theoretical Expectation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Luminous Signal

AbstractObservations of the first light from a stellar explosion can open a window to a wealth of information on the progenitor system and the explosion itself. Here I briefly discuss the theoretical expectation of that emission, comparing Newtonian and relativistic breakouts. The former takes place in regular core-collapse supernovae (SNe) while the latter is expected in SNe that are associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), extremely energetic SNe (e.g., SN2007bi) and white dwarf explosions (e.g., type Ia and .Ia SNe, accretion induced collapse). I present the characteristic observable signatures of both types of breakouts, when spherical. Finally, I discuss Newtonian shock breakouts through wind, which produce a very luminous signal, with an X-ray component that is weak around the breakout, and becomes brighter afterwards.

scholarly journals The Connection between Gamma-Ray Bursts and Extremely Metal-Poor Stars as Nucleosynthetic Probes of the Early Universe

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S250) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
K. Nomoto ◽  
N. Tominaga ◽  
M. Tanaka ◽  
K. Maeda ◽  
H. Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Early Universe ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Relativistic Jets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Energy Deposition Rate

AbstractThe connection between the long GRBs and Type Ic Supernovae (SNe) has revealed the interesting diversity: (i) GRB-SNe, (ii) Non-GRB Hypernovae (HNe), (iii) X-Ray Flash (XRF)-SNe, and (iv) Non-SN GRBs (or dark HNe). We show that nucleosynthetic properties found in the above diversity are connected to the variation of the abundance patterns of extremely-metal-poor (EMP) stars, such as the excess of C, Co, Zn relative to Fe. We explain such a connection in a unified manner as nucleosynthesis of hyper-aspherical (jet-induced) explosions of Pop III core-collapse SNe. We show that (1) the explosions with large energy deposition rate, Ėdep, are observed as GRB-HNe and their yields can explain the abundances of normal EMP stars, and (2) the explosions with small Ėdepare observed as GRBs without bright SNe and can be responsible for the formation of the C-rich EMP (CEMP) and the hyper metal-poor (HMP) stars. We thus propose that GRB-HNe and the Non-SN GRBs (dark HNe) belong to a continuous series of BH-forming massive stellar deaths with the relativistic jets of different Ėdep.

scholarly journals Abstracts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
X Ray

Measuring cosmological parameters with GRBs: status and perspectivesNew interpretation of the Amati relationThe SED Machine - a dedicated transient spectrographPTF10iue - evidence for an internal engine in a unique Type Ic SNDirect evidence for the collapsar model of long gamma-ray burstsOn pair instability supernovae and gamma-ray burstsPan-STARRS1 observations of ultraluminous SNeThe influence of rotation on the critical neutrino luminosity in core-collapse supernovaeGeneral relativistic magnetospheres of slowly rotating and oscillating neutron starsHost galaxies of short GRBsGRB 100418A: a bridge between GRB-associated hypernovae and SNeTwo super-luminous SNe at z ~ 1.5 from the SNLSProspects for very-high-energy gamma-ray bursts with the Cherenkov Telescope ArrayThe dynamics and radiation of relativistic flows from massive starsThe search for light echoes from the supernova explosion of 1181 ADThe proto-magnetar model for gamma-ray burstsStellar black holes at the dawn of the universeMAXI J0158-744: the discovery of a supersoft X-ray transientWide-band spectra of magnetar burst emissionDust formation and evolution in envelope-stripped core-collapse supernovaeThe host galaxies of dark gamma-ray burstsKeck observations of 150 GRB host galaxiesSearch for properties of GRBs at large redshiftThe early emission from SNeSpectral properties of SN shock breakoutMAXI observation of GRBs and short X-ray transientsA three-dimensional view of SN 1987A using light echo spectroscopyX-ray study of the southern extension of the SNR Puppis AAll-sky survey of short X-ray transients by MAXI GSCDevelopment of the CALET gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM)

scholarly journals First Stars – Type Ib Supernovae Connection

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S255) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Ken'ichi Nomoto ◽  
Masaomi Tanaka ◽  
Yasuomi Kamiya ◽  
Nozomu Tominaga ◽  
Keiichi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
First Stars ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Normal Core

AbstractThe very peculiar abundance patterns observed in extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars can not be explained by conventional normal supernova nucleosynthesis but can be well-reproduced by nucleosynthesis in hyper-energetic and hyper-aspherical explosions, i.e., Hypernovae (HNe). Previously, such HNe have been observed only as Type Ic supernovae. Here, we examine the properties of recent Type Ib supernovae (SNe Ib). In particular, SN Ib 2008D associated with the luminous X-ray transient 080109 is found to be a more energetic explosion than normal core-collapse supernovae. We estimate that the progenitor's main sequence mass is MMS = 20 − 25M⊙ with an explosion of kinetic energy of EK ~ 6.0 × 1051 erg. These properties are intermediate between those of normal SNe and hypernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts. Therefore, such energetic SNe Ib could also make an important contribution to the chemical enrichment in the early Universe.

scholarly journals Plerion model of the X-ray plateau in short gamma-ray bursts

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (4) ◽  
pp. 5010-5018 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Strang ◽  
A Melatos
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Electron Energy Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Magnetic Field ◽  
Core Collapse Supernova

Abstract Many short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) exhibit a prolonged plateau in the X-ray light curve following the main burst. It is shown that an X-ray plateau at the observed luminosity emerges naturally from a plerion-like model of the sGRB remnant, in which the magnetized, relativistic wind of a millisecond magnetar injects shock-accelerated electrons into a cavity confined by the sGRB blast wave. A geometry-dependent fraction of the plerionic radiation is also intercepted and reprocessed by the optically thick merger ejecta. The relative contributions of the plerion and ejecta to the composite X-ray light curve are estimated approximately with the aid of established ejecta models. The plerionic component of the electron energy spectrum is evolved under the action of time-dependent, power-law injection and adiabatic and synchrotron cooling in order to calculate the X-ray light curve analytically. The model yields an anticorrelation between the luminosity and duration of the plateau as well as a sudden cut-off in the X-ray flux, if the decelerating magnetar collapses to form a black hole. Both features are broadly consistent with the data and can be related to the surface magnetic field of the magnetar and its angular velocity at birth. The analogy with core-collapse supernova remnants is discussed briefly.

The SALT Transient Programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (S339) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
D. A. H. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Tidal Disruption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
X Ray Binaries

AbstractThe SALT transient follow-up programme began in 2016 and will continue for 5 semesters (until 31 Oct 2018), with an expectation of renewal thereafter. It is currently the only SALT Large Science Programme, and was awarded ~250 ksec. per semester, with a significant fraction (60%) given for the highest priority target-of-opportunity time. The aim is to characterise and study transients across a wide range of classes, currently including (from closest to most distant) cataclysmic variables, novæ and other associated eruptive variables, low- and high-mass X-ray binaries, OGLE and Gaia transients (including tidal disruption events), super-luminous and unusual core-collapse supernovæ, kilonovæ and other candidate optical counterparts to gravitational-wave events, flaring blazars and AGN, and gamma-ray bursts. This programme currently involves four SALT partners, of which South Africa is the major contributor of time (74%) and resources and includes five institutions with over 30 co-investigators. This talk reviewed the nature of the programme and highlighted some of the results to date.

The X-ray luminosity function of short gamma-ray bursts

2021 ◽  
Vol 366 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ying Liu ◽  
Fu-Wen Zhang ◽  
Si-Yuan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Luminosity Function ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Interpreting the X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts with radiative losses and millisecond magnetars

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (4) ◽  
pp. 5986-5992
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sarin ◽  
Paul D Lasky ◽  
Gregory Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Dipole Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
Central Engine ◽  
Radiative Losses ◽  
Wave Emission ◽  
Prompt Emission

ABSTRACT The spin-down energy of millisecond magnetars has been invoked to explain X-ray afterglow observations of a significant fraction of short and long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we extend models previously introduced in the literature, incorporating radiative losses with the spin-down of a magnetar central engine through an arbitrary braking index. Combining this with a model for the tail of the prompt emission, we show that our model can better explain the data than millisecond-magnetar models without radiative losses or those that invoke spin-down solely through vacuum dipole radiation. We find that our model predicts a subset of X-ray flares seen in some gamma-ray bursts. We can further explain the diversity of X-ray plateaus by altering the radiative efficiency and measure the braking index of newly born millisecond magnetars. We measure the braking index of GRB061121 as $n=4.85^{+0.11}_{-0.15}$ suggesting the millisecond-magnetar born in this gamma-ray burst spins down predominantly through gravitational-wave emission.

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