scholarly journals Synthesis of Room Impulse Responses for Variable Source Characteristics

10.14311/1444 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunkemoeller ◽  
P. Dietrich ◽  
M. Pollow
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Characteristic Radiation ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Variable Source ◽  
Source Characteristics

Every acoustic source, e.g. a speaker, a musical instrument or a loudspeaker, generally has a frequency dependent characteristic radiation pattern, which is preeminent at higher frequencies. Room acoustic measurements nowadays only account for omnidirectional source characteristics. This motivates a measurement method that is capable of obtaining room impulse responses for these specific radiation patterns by using a superposition approach of several measurements with technically well-defined sound sources. We propose a method based on measurements with a 12-channel independentlydriven dodecahedron loudspeaker array rotated by an automatically controlled turntable.Radiation patterns can be efficiently described with the use of spherical harmonics representation. We propose a method that uses this representation for the spherical loudspeaker array used for the measurements and the target radiation pattern to be used for the synthesis.We show validating results for a deterministic test sound source inside in a small lecture hall.

Acoustic Measurements of Men’s and Women’s Voices

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Nittrouer ◽  
Richard S. McGowan ◽  
Paul H. Milenkovic ◽  
Donna Beehler
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Source Characteristics

Several acoustic measures of laryngeal activity were made on adult speech to help answer two questions left unresolved by previous work: (1) how each measure varies, if at all, with phonetic structure, and (2) what aspect of laryngeal activity each measure specifies. Speech samples of 15 syllables (three vowels in five prevocalic consonantal contexts) were collected from men and women at two times of the day (early morning and late afternoon). Eight measurements were made, mainly on slices extracted from the middle of the vocalic portions, and inferential and correlational statistics were applied to these measures. Results of the inferential tests indicated differences between men and women in how laryngeal adjustments are made, affecting relative amounts of vocal jitter and spectral tilt of the voicing source. In addition, the voicing and manner characteristics of the prevocalic consonant were found to affect fundamental frequency, cycle-to-cycle perturbations, and amount of aspiration noise. To a lesser extent, vowel height and front/back tongue placement also affected these acoustic source characteristics. Results of the correlational tests showed that different laryngeal mechanisms contributed differentially to signal-to-noise ratios for men and women, and these mechanisms were more greatly affected by fundamental frequency for men’s samples. Finally, various acoustic measures of laryngeal noise were found to be related to the same underlying mechanism.

scholarly journals Acoustic Source Data for Medium Speed IC-Engines

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Hynninen ◽  
Raimo Turunen ◽  
Mats Åbom ◽  
Hans Bodén
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Exhaust Noise ◽  
Ic Engines

Knowledge of the acoustic source characteristics of internal combustion engines (IC-engines) is of great importance when designing the exhaust duct system and its components to withstand the resulting dynamic loads and to reduce the exhaust noise emission. The goal of the present study is to numerically and experimentally investigate the medium speed IC-engine acoustic source characteristics, not only in the plane wave range but also in the high frequency range. The low frequency acoustic source characteristics were predicted by simulating the acoustic multiload measurements by using a one-dimensional process simulation code. The low frequency in-duct exhaust noise of a medium speed IC-engine can be quite accurately predicted. The high frequency source data is estimated by averaging the measured acoustic pressures with different methods; using the simple cross-spectra averaging method seems promising in this instance.

A virtual orchestra to qualify the acoustics of historical opera houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario D’Orazio ◽  
Giulia Fratoni ◽  
Anna Rovigatti ◽  
Massimo Garai
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Social Division ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Opera Houses

Italian Historical Opera Houses are private or public spaces built around a cavea, with tiers of boxes on the surrounding walls. At the early age – from 16th to 18th century – boxes were private properties of the richest class, typically the financial responsible of the whole building. The stalls hosted the middle class, that gradually increased its social position and for this reason the wooden seats were progressively replaced by chairs. The gallery was reserved to lower classes. Does this social division correspond to a different acoustic comfort? The present work tries to answer this question using subjective preference models provided by scholars. With this aim, the room criteria defined by different authors and in distinct times are lined up with the ISO 3382 standards and analysed depending on the acoustic peculiarities of an Italian Historical Opera House selected as case study. Calibrated impulse responses were handled through the numerical simulations of a whole orchestra of virtual sound sources in the pit.

scholarly journals The Role of Reverberation and Magnitude Spectra of Direct Parts in Contralateral and Ipsilateral Ear Signals on Perceived Externalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Roman Schlieper ◽  
Jürgen Peissig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Reverberant Environments ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Listening Experiment ◽  
Binaural Sound

Several studies show that the reverberation and spectral details in direct sounds are two essential cues for perceived externalization of virtual sound sources in reverberant environments. The present study investigated the role of these two cues in contralateral and ipsilateral ear signals on perceived externalization of headphone-reproduced binaural sound images at different azimuth angles. For this purpose, seven pairs of non-individual binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured at azimuth angles of −90°, −60°, −30°, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a listening room. The magnitude spectra of direct parts were smoothed, and the reverberation was removed, either in left or right ear BRIRs. Such modified BRIRs were convolved with a speech signal, and the resulting binaural sounds were presented over headphones. Subjects were asked to assess the degree of perceived externalization for the presented stimuli. The result of the subjective listening experiment revealed that the magnitude spectra of direct parts in ipsilateral ear signals and the reverberation in contralateral ear signals are important for perceived externalization of virtual lateral sound sources.

scholarly journals Localizing nearby sound sources in a classroom: Binaural room impulse responses

2005 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 3100-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham ◽  
Norbert Kopco ◽  
Tara J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Sound Sources

Perception of acoustic source characteristics: Walking sounds

1991 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3036-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Robert J. Logan ◽  
Richard E. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Source ◽  
Source Characteristics

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKACIJA ZVUČNIH IMPULSA KOD FRIŽIDERA ZA UPOTREBU U DOMAĆINSTVU

2018 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nikola Holecek ◽  
Dejan Dren
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Complex Sound ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Thermal Dilatation ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents a new visualization method of complex sound sources in combined fridge freezers. Measurement method with sixty array microphones in free sound field conditions is used. Laboratory acoustic measurements using an algorithm of the complex sound sources visualization are performed. With this method, sound effects are successfully identified, localized and calculated. The individual crack noises emitted as a result of thermal dilatation of different types of material in the transitional cooling modes of the household refrigerator.

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