scholarly journals LETTER TO THE EDITOR: COVID-19 QUARANTINE IN OLDER PEOPLE: THE NEED TO THINK ABOUT SARCOPENIA-RELATED PHENOTYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
A. Bonadias Gadelha ◽  
R.M. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Line Measure

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become the World Health Organization’s leading priority and is imposing a wide range of public concerns (1). COVID-19 outbreak was recently declared a global pandemic that is substantially associated with hospitalization and mortality (2). Worldwide, quarantine and social distancing have been the first line measure to prevent the highly contagious virus from spreading further (3). Older age is the most important risk factor for COVID-19-related complications, with case-fatality rate ranging from 15 to 20% in octogenarians. Therefore, social distancing (and when possible isolation) has been specially emphasized in the older adults. While attempts to suppress human to human transmission are clearly warranted, prolonged home stay is expected to have adverse effects on other features of the individuals` health. For example, an abrupt reduction in physical activity patterns and increase in sedentary behaviors may lead to disuse-induced physical decline, which can be hazardous for older people who already present reduced functional reserve (4.

scholarly journals Modeling the COVID-19 outbreaks and the effectiveness of the containment measures adopted across countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward De Brouwer ◽  
Daniele Raimondi ◽  
Yves Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak, originally started in China, a global pandemic. Since then, the outbreak has indeed spread across all continents, threatening the public health of numerous countries. Although the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of COVID-19 is relatively low when optimal level of healthcare is granted to the patients, the high percentage of severe cases developing severe pneumonia and thus requiring respiratory support is worryingly high, and could lead to a rapid saturation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs). To overcome this risk, most countries enacted COVID-19 containment measures. In this study, we use a Bayesian SEIR epidemiological model to perform a parametric regression over the COVID-19 outbreaks data in China, Italy, Belgium, and Spain, and estimate the effect of the containment measures on the basic reproduction ratio R0.We find that the effect of these measures is detectable, but tends to be gradual, and that a progressive strengthening of these measures usually reduces the R0 below 1, granting a decay of the outbreak. We also discuss the biases and inconsistencies present in the publicly available data on COVID-19 cases, providing an estimate for the actual number of cases in Italy on March 12, 2020. Lastly, despite the data and model’s limitations, we argue that the idea of “flattening the curve” to reach herd immunity is likely to be unfeasible.

scholarly journals Religion in the Age of Social Distancing: How COVID-19 Presents New Directions for Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O Baker ◽  
Gerardo Martí ◽  
Ruth Braunstein ◽  
Andrew L Whitehead ◽  
Grace Yukich
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Moment

Abstract In this brief note written during a global pandemic, we consider some of the important ways this historical moment is altering the religious landscape, aiming our investigative lens at how religious institutions, congregations, and individuals are affected by the social changes produced by COVID-19. This unprecedented time prompts scholars of religion to reflect on how to strategically approach the study of religion in the time of “social distancing,” as well as moving forward. Particularly important considerations include developing heuristic, innovative approaches for revealing ongoing changes to religion, as well as how religion continues to structure social life across a wide range of contexts, from the most intimate and personal to the most public and global. Although our note can only be indicative rather than exhaustive, we do suggest that the initial groundwork for reconsiderations might productively focus on several key analytical themes, including: Epidemiology, Ideology, Religious Practice, Religious Organizations and Institutions, as well as Epistemology and Methodology. In offering these considerations as a starting point, we remain aware (and hopeful) that inventive and unanticipated approaches will also emerge.

scholarly journals Quasi-Simpson paradox in estimating the expected mortality rate from the SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110096
Author(s):  
Yair Y Shaki
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Expected Mortality

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic, based on a high infection rate and a high case fatality rate (CFR). The combination of these two points led WHO to forecast a high expected mortality rate of approximately 2% of the population. The phenomenon of Simpson’s paradox teaches us that we should be careful when we combine two variables together. Indeed, despite the high mortality rate in several places, this forecast seems to have collapsed. We believe one of the reasons for the erroneous forecasts is that combining the above points ignored a confounding variable – many of the virus carriers are asymptomatic and therefore not diagnosed.

scholarly journals COVID-19: global level very high risk pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Mahesh B. Mawale ◽  
Anupama M. Mawale
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Recommended Therapy ◽  
Very High

Rapid worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was attracted a great international attention due to multiple healthcare associated outbreaks in 2012. The disease is associated with a high case fatality rate of 34.5%, and there is no recommended therapy for it.  The current COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, is spreading globally at an accelerated rate.  The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, a serious public health emergency, of international concern. The present article represents the epidemiology, transmissibility and treatment thought for COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Evaluating the delivery, impact, costs and benefits of an active lives programme for older people living in the community

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Gandy ◽  
Amelia Bell ◽  
Bob McClelland ◽  
Brenda Roe
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Well Being

AimAge UK Lancashire received Big Lottery funding to deliver an active lives programme from January 2012 to December 2014 to the population of West Lancashire aged over 50 years. The overall aims of the associated evaluation were to measure older people’s experiences of participating in the programme, identify the impacts on their health and well-being and their suggestions for services development, and establish the costs and benefits of the programme.BackgroundThe World Health Organisation recommends older people should be able to achieve physical, social and mental well-being throughout their lives, and that international, national and local policies should be developed to support older adults, promote their independence and well-being, and encourage physical exercise. Consequently, the West Lancashire programme was to establish preventative community support for older people to assist in improving their well-being and physical and mental health, particularly those isolated due to age-related illness or disability. It was to provide interventions not available from local social care providers.MethodsA mixed methods approach was adopted, with the qualitative evaluation utilising focus groups to establish people’s experiences, identify impacts on their health and well-being, and suggestions for services development. This paper describes the quantitative evaluation, which involved three surveys and a costs analysis. The surveys were scheduled to give timely feedback to management about programme delivery and content, and overall benefits of participation.FindingsThe active lives programme and groups offered a wide range of flexible and local activities that provided benefits for older people in terms of health and well-being, social well-being and quality of life, and reducing social isolation. There was interconnectivity between these benefits. The programme was delivered in an affordable and flexible manner. Such programmes should be made more widely available.

scholarly journals IJTIHAD ‘VIRTUAL’ DAN FIQIH CORONA: RESPON ULAMA INDONESIA DI MUSIM PANDEMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Abdul Wafi Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Law ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Religious Problems ◽  
The Way

Abstract Covid-19 has been announced as global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). All countries, including Indonesia, implemented the health protocols in preventing the spread of viruses. Among those protocols is social distancing either in lockdown or physical distancing. This policy disrupted the life order and habit, especially in religious ritual. The religious problems should be answered by the ulamas for the law certainty. In the normal situation, the discussion on fatwa is usually held by collective ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama’i). This way is done by MUI and its fatwa commission, NU and Its Bahtsul Masail, Muhammadiyah and Its Majlis Tarjih. Unfortunately, in covid-9 pandemic, the meeting for collective ijtihad is not easy to do because of the healthy protocol. Instead of that, the discussion to determine fatwa should be done as responding religious problems, but by virtual ijtihad via Zoom and others application, such as whatsapp groups. Therefore, this article discuss about the way ulamas responds the law-religious problems during Covid-19 pandemic. Abstrak Covid-19 telah ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global oleh World Health Organization (WHO) sehingga berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, menetapkan protokol kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan penyebaran virus ini. Salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan social distancing baik dengan cara lockdown maupun hanya dengan melakukan physical distancing. Kebijakan ini tentu berpengaruh terhadap tatanan kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam ritual keagamaan. Tentu persoalan keagamaan harus mendapatkan jawaban dari para ulama agar umat mendapatkan kepastian hukum. Problemnya adalah, setiap persoalan hukum biasanya dalam kondisi normal dilakukan dengan cara kolektif (ijtihad jama’i), baik yang dilakukan oleh MUI dengan komisi fatwanya, NU dengan Lembaga Bahtsul Masailnya, Muhammadiyah dengan Majlis Tarjihnya, dan ormas-ormas lainnya. Namun dalam kondisi seperti sekarang ini (masa pandemi Covid-19) tentu tidak mudah untuk dilakukan. Maka muncullah terobosan baru dengan cara memaksimalkan kecanggihan teknologi, sehingga persoalan keummatan tetap bisa direspon dengan baik melalui ijtihad ‘virtual’, baik dengan cara melalui aplikasi Zoom maupun melalui chatting dengan memaksimalkan group-group Whatsapp (WAG). Oleh karena itu, kajian ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana para kyai (ulama) merespons persoalan hukum selama pandemi Covid-19.

scholarly journals Building an Open Resources Repository for COVID-19 Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Weihe Wendy Guan ◽  
Xinyan Zhu ◽  
Yuanzheng Shao ◽  
Lingbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic declared by the World Health Organization, with rapidly increasing cases in most countries. A wide range of research is urgently needed for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic, such as transmissibility, geographic spreading, risk factors for infections, and economic impacts. Reliable data archive and sharing are essential to jump-start innovative research to combat COVID-19. This research is a collaborative and innovative effort in building such an archive, including the collection of various data resources relevant to COVID-19 research, such as daily cases, social media, population mobility, health facilities, climate, socioeconomic data, research articles, policy and regulation, and global news. Due to the heterogeneity between data sources, our effort also includes processing and integrating different datasets based on GIS (Geographic Information System) base maps to make them relatable and comparable. To keep the data files permanent, we published all open data to the Harvard Dataverse (https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/2019ncov), an online data management and sharing platform with a permanent Digital Object Identifier number for each dataset. Finally, preliminary studies are conducted based on the shared COVID-19 datasets and revealed different spatial transmission patterns among mainland China, Italy, and the United States.

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Amit Biswas ◽  
KunalChandankhede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

Clinical Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019:Defined on Current Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Zhang ◽  
Claude Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Clinical Type ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious respiratory disease that has caused the ongoing global pandemic. The primary purpose of this article is to describe evolving clinical epidemiology of COVID-19, including 1) infection and testing, 2) clinical spectrum including classification of clinical type, asymptomatic cases, severe cases and comorbidity, and clinical and immunological response, 3) regional variation in clinical presentation, 4) population distribution by age, sex, and occupation, and finally, 5) case-fatality. This content may provide important information on detailed clinical type and presentation of the disease, in which appropriate clinical outcomes can be derived for developing prevention strategies and clinical studies or trials that aim to test potential therapeutics or products for different patient populations.

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