scholarly journals CHARACTERIZING INTERVENTION OPPORTUNITIES AMONG HOME-DELIVERED MEALS PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS: RESULTS FROM THE 2017 NATIONAL SURVEY OF OLDER AMERICANS ACT PARTICIPANTS AND A NEW YORK CITY SURVEY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. El Shatanofy ◽  
J. Chodosh ◽  
M.A. Sevick ◽  
J. Wylie-Rosett ◽  
L. DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Technological Readiness

Background: The Home Delivered Meals Program (HDMP) serves a vulnerable population of adults aged 60 and older who may benefit from technological services to improve health and social connectedness. Objective: The objectives of this study are (a) to better understand the needs of HDMP participants, and (b) to characterize the technology-readiness and the utility of delivering information via the computer. Design: We analyzed data from the 2017 NSOAAP to assess the health and functional status and demographic characteristics of HDMP participants. We also conducted a telephone survey to assess technology use and educational interests among NYC HDMP participants. Measurements: Functional measures of the national sample included comorbidities, recent hospitalizations, and ADL/IADL limitations. Participants from our local NYC sample completed a modified version of the validated Computer Proficiency Questionnaire. Technology readiness was assessed by levels of technology use, desired methods for receiving health information, and interest in learning more about virtual senior centers. Results: About one-third (32.4%) of national survey HDMP participants (n=902) reported insufficient resources to buy food and 17.1% chose between food or medications. Within the NYC HDMP participant survey sample (n=33), over half reported having access to the internet (54.5%), 48.5% used a desktop or laptop, and 30.3% used a tablet, iPad, or smartphone. Conclusion: The HDMP provides an opportunity to reach vulnerable older adults and offer additional resources that can enhance social support and improve nutrition and health outcomes. Research is warranted to compare technological readiness of HDMP participants across urban and rural areas in the United States.

International Migration from the Dominican Republic: Findings from a National Survey

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ugalde ◽  
Frank D. Bean ◽  
Gilbert Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
International Migration ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migration Patterns

The Dominican migration to the United States has been primarily directed to the New York area. The officially reported addresses given by Dominican aliens to the INS suggest a heavy concentration in the New York/New Jersey region. Using survey data, this study seeks to provide a profile of international Dominican migrants most of whom come to the United States. Reasons for migration by age, sex, and social strata are discussed, and an examination of return migration patterns is presented.

Presidential Voting Across the American States

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. JACKSON ◽  
THOMAS M. CARSEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
National Survey ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
American States ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
Insight Into

In this article, we examine the variation in the importance of partisanship and ideology in structuring citizens' presidential vote choice across the United States. We use CBS/ New York Times Exit Polls from 18 states in 1984 and 24 states in 1988, along with the national polls from each year. Underlying national survey-based examinations of presidential voting (e.g., those based on the American National Election Studies) is the assumption that presidential voting “looks and works the same” across the United States. However, our results indicate marked variation in the influence of both partisanship and ideology on presidential vote choice across state electorates. Political characteristics of state electorates (e.g., mass polarization and mass liberalism) provide some insight into these differences. Furthermore, we discover some continuity from 1984 to 1988 within states in the nature of influences on their electorates' presidential voting.

scholarly journals Forecasting hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in South Dakota, USA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S Wesner ◽  
Dan Van Peursem ◽  
Jose Flores ◽  
Yuhlong Lio ◽  
Chelsea Wesner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Minimal Data

Anticipating the number of hospital beds needed for patients with COVID-19 remains a challenge. Early efforts to predict hospital bed needs focused on deriving predictions from SIR models, largely at the level of countries, provinces, or states. In the United States, these models rely on data reported by state health agencies. However, predictive disease and hospitalization dynamics at the state level are complicated by geographic variation in disease parameters. In addition it is difficult to make forecasts early in a pandemic due to minimal data. However, Bayesian approaches that allow models to be specified with informed prior information from areas that have already completed a disease curve can serve as prior estimates for areas that are beginning their curve. Here, a Bayesian non-linear regression (Weibull function) was used to forecast cumulative and active COVID-19 hospitalizations for South Dakota, USA. As expected, early forecasts were dominated by prior information, which was derived from New York City. Importantly, hospitalization trends also differed within South Dakota due to early peaks in an urban area, followed by later peaks in other rural areas of the state. Combining these trends led to altered forecasts with relevant policy implications.

Exploring Transportation Accessibility to Health Care among Vermont's Rural Seniors

2015 ◽  
Vol 2531 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey A. Battista ◽  
Brian H. Y. Lee ◽  
Jane Kolodinsky ◽  
Sarah N. Heiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Care Accessibility

The aging baby boomer generation will have a profound impact on the demand for health care services in the United States. This impact will be felt strongly in rural areas, where the population in general is older and the supplies of health care services and alternative transportation are limited. This study employed a mixed-method approach to assess health care accessibility among seniors in the state of Vermont. A geographic information system was used to project health care accessibility according to the spatial characteristics of the health care and transportation systems. Subsequently, the mechanisms that shaped accessibility were assessed through semistructured interviews with 20 seniors and caregivers. The study found that health care accessibility varied among seniors, given the local health care supply, transportation, and individual resources at their disposal. Health care accessibility also was shaped by less tangible factors, which included social connectedness and personal preferences for care and transportation. The results suggested that mixed methods provided a more nuanced and valid perspective on health care accessibility. This perspective can better inform policy makers as they strive to accommodate rural senior preferences to age in place in a healthy manner.

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES HAVE LITTLE IMPACT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF RURAL HOSPITALS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-656
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Acute Care Facilities

Management strategies adopted in response to a changing hospital market apparently have little impact on the financial performance of rural hospitals in the United States, concludes a study supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (HS05998). Stephen S. Mick, PhD, of the University of Michigan, and colleagues examined the effect of thirteen management strategies on the financial performance of a national sample of 797 US rural hospitals from 1983 to 1988. Examples of these strategies are group purchasing; multihospital, HMO, or nursing home affiliation; and adoption of outpatient services either inside or outside of the hospital service area. The researchers found no widespread or consistent connection between a hospital's strategic action and positive financial performance ... The researchers conclude from these findings that implementing strategic activities may not be sufficient for rural hospitals to maintain viable networks of acute care facilities in rural areas ...

The Great Wilderness Debate, Again

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marilynne Robinson ◽  
Disney World ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Urban People

It is odd that attacks on the idea of wilderness have multiplied as the thing itself has all but vanished. Even alert sadists will at some point stop beating a dead horse. In the lower 48 states, federally designated wilderness accounts for only 1.8 percent of the total land area. Including Alaskan wilderness, the total is only 4.6 percent. This is less than the land we’ve paved over for highways and parking lots. For perspective, Disney World is larger than one-third of our wilderness areas (Turner 1998, 619). Outside the United States there is little or no protection for the 11 percent of the earth that remains wild. It is to be expected that attacks on the last remaining wild areas would come from those with one predatory interest or another, but it is disconcerting that in the final minutes of the 11th hour they come from those who count themselves as environmentalists. Each of these critics claims to be for wilderness, but against the idea of wilderness. This fault line deserves careful scrutiny. In a recent article, for example, novelist Marilynne Robinson concludes that “we must surrender the idea of wilderness, accept the fact that the consequences of human presence in the world are universal and ineluctable, and invest our care and hope in civilization” (1998, 64). She arrives at this position not with joy, but with resignation. She describes her love of her native state of Idaho as an “unnameable yearning.” But wilderness, however loved, “is where things can be hidden . . . things can be done that would be intolerable in a populous landscape.” Has Robinson not been to New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, or Calcutta, where intolerable things are the norm? But she continues: “The very idea of wilderness permits . . . those who have isolation at their disposal [to do] as they will” (ibid.). Presumably there would be no nuclear waste sites and no weapons laboratories without wilderness in which to hide them. She ignores the fact that the decisions to desecrate rural areas are mostly made by urban people or support one urban interest or another.

Rural Gentrification and Livestock Raising: Texas as a Test Case, 1940–1995

Rural History ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Friedberger
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Rural Gentrification ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Livestock Raising

One characteristic of an affluent society is that wealthy individuals often seek a place in the country to spend weekends and summer vacations. In the United States second homes in rural areas first became popular in the Gilded Age when elites in the northeast tried to ape English patterns of leisured country living. Americans, however, had to contend with hot and humid summers. As a result, access to water became a vital ingredient in any choice of a country retreat. An alternative motivation for migration to the countryside in the late nineteenth century came when elites desired to take part in field sports, especially foxhunting. In New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and of course, Virginia, where reasonably mild winters permitted activities to continue with some frequency throughout the winter, foxhunting became part of the yearly ritual of small numbers of urban based elites. Horse ownership went hand in hand with livestock raising. By the twenties cattle breeding had become another hobby pursuit of the gentry in northeastern states; herds of Angus or other breeds grazed in paddocks on either side of a long driveway which led up to a large country home.

scholarly journals A tale of two pandemics: evolutionary psychology, urbanism, and the biology of disease spread deepen sociopolitical divides in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Kuznar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
General Population ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
York Metropolitan Area ◽  
New York Metropolitan Area

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has spread uncertainty and social disruption, and exacerbated political divides in the United States. Most studies of the drivers of the epidemic focus on victim characteristics without consideration of drivers in the general population. This study presents statistical models that track the underlying factors in the general population associated with the spread of the pandemic and addresses how social learning mechanisms have led people to adopt perspectives and behaviors depending on their social context. Despite many social, physiological and economic factors, the statistical drivers of the pandemic primarily relate to the presence of vectors and the probability of transmission. However, the relationship between these drivers and COVID-19 deaths is weak and variable outside of the New York metropolitan area. Furthermore, the per capita death rate in much of the country has been much lower than the New York metropolitan area. There have been two very different experiences with the pandemic, one where the signals of its danger have been obvious from the start and one where the signals have been much weaker. Social learning mechanisms (in-group information sharing, imitation, costly punishment) have amplified the effect of people’s experiences with the pandemic. Sheltering in cities and protesting shutdowns in rural areas probably were initially adaptive somatic efforts in the evolutionary sense, given the different realities of the pandemic versus its economic costs in urban versus rural environments. These adaptations, however, have deepened the political divides in an already Balkanized country. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for how to use social learning theory for disseminating information on how to combat the pandemic.

Preparation of teachers to work with communicatively handicapped students in rural schools

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Beth Sarachan-Deily
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Rural School Districts ◽  
Service Levels

There is a shortage of qualified speech-language pathologists in rural school districts throughout the United States. As a result, many communicatively handicapped students in rural areas are underserved. The need for information concerning communication disorders in rural areas, at both the preservice and in service levels, has become critical. The results of a three-year collaborative project between The College of Saint Rose and fifteen rural school districts in upstate New York are presented, with implications for other universities, rural school districts, and academic disciplines. Suggestions for using collaborative strategies in preparing communication disordered students to work in rural schools, and needs for the future are discussed.

Proactive policing in the United States: a national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-876
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Koper ◽  
Cynthia Lum ◽  
Xiaoyun Wu ◽  
Noah Fritz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proactive Policing ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Formal Policy ◽  
Officer Performance ◽  
American Police

PurposeTo measure the practice and management of proactive policing in local American police agencies and assess them in comparison to recommendations of the National Academies of Sciences (NAS) Committee on Proactive Policing.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with a national sample of American police agencies having 100 or more sworn officers to obtain detailed information about the types of proactive work that officers engage in, to quantify their proactive work and to understand how the agencies measure and manage those activities. Responding agencies (n = 180) were geographically diverse and served populations of approximately half a million persons on average.FindingsProactivity as practiced is much more limited in scope than what the NAS envisions. Most agencies track only a few forms of proactivity and cannot readily estimate how much uncommitted time officers have available for proactive work. Measured proactivity is mostly limited to traffic stops, business and property checks and some form of directed or general preventive patrol. Many agencies have no formal policy in place to define or guide proactive activities, nor do they evaluate officer performance on proactivity with a detailed and deliberate rubric.Originality/valueThis is the first national survey that attempts to quantify proactive policing as practiced broadly in the United States. It provides context to the NAS recommendations and provides knowledge about the gap between practice and those recommendations.

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