ASSOCIATION OF MUSCLE STRENGTH AND GAIT SPEED WITH CROSS-SECTIONAL MUSCLE AREA DETERMINED BY MID-THIGH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY – A COMPARISON WITH SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS MEASURED BY DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
K. Tsukasaki ◽  
Y. Matsui ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
A. Harada ◽  
M. Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Leg Extension Power

Background: Muscle mass is often mentioned not to reflect muscle strength. For muscle mass assessment skeletal muscle index (SMI) is often used. We have reported that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived SMI does not change with age in women, whereas the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) derived from computed tomography (CT) does. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare CT and DXA for the assessment of muscle tissue. Design & Setting: Cross-sectional study in the local residents. Participants: A total of 1818 subjects (age 40-89 years) randomly selected from community dwellers underwent CT examination of the right mid-thigh to measure the cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was measured by DXA. The subjects performed physical function tests such as grip strength, knee extension strength, leg extension strength, and gait speed. The correlation between CT-derived CSMA and DXA-derived SMM along with their association with physical function was examined. Results: After controlling for related factors, the partial correlation coefficient of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) with physical function was larger than that of DXA-derived SMM for gait speed in men (p=0.002) and knee extension strength in women (p=0.03). The partial correlation coefficient of quadriceps (Qc) CSA with physical function was larger than that of DXA-derived SMM for leg extension power in both sexes (p=0.01), gait speed in men (p<0.001), and knee extension strength in women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Mid-thigh CT-derived CSMA, especially Qc CSA, showed significant associations with grip strength, knee extension strength, and leg extension power, which were equal to or stronger than those of DXA-derived SMM in community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese people. The mid-thigh CSMA may be a predictor of mobility disability, and is considered to be useful in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Abnormal body composition in patients with adrenal adenomas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Delivanis ◽  
Maria Daniela Hurtado Andrade ◽  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Shobana Athimulam ◽  
Aakanksha Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Area

Objective: Increased visceral fat and sarcopenia are cardiovascular risk factors that may explain increased cardiovascular morbidity and frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas. Our objective was to compare body composition measurement of patients with adrenal adenomas to referent subjects without adrenal disease Design: Cross-sectional study, 2014-2018 Methods: Participants were adults with nonfunctioning adrenal tumor (NFAT), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and Cushing syndrome (CS), and age, sex and body mass index 1:1 matched referent subjects without adrenal disorders. Main outcome measures were body composition measurements calculated from abdominal computed tomography imaging. Intraabdominal adipose tissue and muscle mass measurements were performed at the 3rd lumbar spine level. Results: Of 227 patients with adrenal adenomas, 20 were diagnosed with CS, 76 with MACS and 131 with NFAT. Median age was 56 years (range, 18-89), and 67% were women. When compared to referent subjects, patients with CS, MACS, and NFAT demonstrated a higher visceral fat (odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 [95% CI 0.9-6.5], 2.0 [1.3-3.2], and 1.8 [1.2-2.7] and a lower skeletal muscle area (OR of 0.01 [95% CI 0-0.09], 0.31 [0.18-0.49], and 0.3 [1.2-2.7]), respectively. For every 1 mcg/dL cortisol increase after overnight dexamethasone, visceral fat/muscle area ratio increased by 2.3 (P=0.02) and mean total skeletal muscle area decreased by 2.2cm2 (P=0.03). Conclusion: Patients with adrenal adenomas demonstrate a lower muscle mass and a higher proportion of visceral fat when compared to referent subjects, including patients with NFAT. Even a subtle abnormality in cortisol secretion may impact health of patients with adenomas.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training of Peripheral Muscles Versus Respiratory Muscles in Older Adults With Sarcopenia Who are Institutionalized: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria À. Cebrià i Iranzo ◽  
Mercè Balasch-Bernat ◽  
María Á. Tortosa-Chuliá ◽  
Sebastià Balasch-Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Peripheral Muscle

This study compares the effects of two resistance training programs in peripheral and respiratory musculature on muscle mass and strength and physical performance and identifies the appropriate muscle mass parameter for assessing the intervention effects. Thirty-seven institutionalized older Spanish adults with sarcopenia were analyzed: control group (n = 17), respiratory muscle training group (n = 9), and peripheral muscle training group (n = 11). Measured outcomes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/height2, ASM/weight, and ASM/BMI), isometric knee extension, arm flexion and handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and gait speed pre- and postintervention. Trained groups participated in a 12-week program and improved in maximum static inspiratory pressure, maximum static expiratory pressure, knee extension, and arm flexion (p < .05), whereas nonsignificant changes were found in gait speed and ASM indexes pre- and postintervention in the three groups. In conclusion, resistance training improved skeletal muscle strength in the studied population, and any ASM index was found to be appropriate for detecting changes after physical interventions.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Intermuscular Fat and Physical Performance Is Moderated by Muscle Area in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Samaneh Farsijani ◽  
Adam J Santanasto ◽  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Bret H Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Age-related deposition of fat in skeletal muscle is associated with functional limitations. Skeletal muscle fat may be present in people with preserved muscle mass or accompanied by muscle wasting. However, it is not clear if the association between muscle fat deposition and physical performance is moderated by muscle mass. Objective To determine whether the association between midthigh intermuscular fat and physical performance is moderated by muscle area. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Health, Aging, and, Body Composition (ABC) study data collected in 2002–2003 (n = 1897, women: 52.2%). Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (by computed tomography) and physical performance measures were compared across quartiles of intermuscular fat absolute area. Moderation analysis was performed to determine the conditional effect of intermuscular fat on physical performance as a function of muscle area. Conditional effects were evaluated at three levels of muscle area (mean and ± 1 standard deviation [SD]; 213.2 ± 53.2 cm2). Results Simple slope analysis showed that the negative association between intermuscular fat area (cm2) and leg strength (N·m) was of greater magnitude (beta coefficient [b], 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.288 [−0.427, −0.148]) in participants with greater muscle area (ie, 1 SD above the mean) compared to those with lower muscle area (ie, at mean [b = −0.12 {−0.248, 0.008}] or 1 SD below the mean [b = 0.048 {−0.122, 0.217}]). Similarly, the negative association of intermuscular fat with 400-m walk speed (m/s) and chair stand (seconds) was greater in those with higher muscle areas (p &lt; .001) compared to those with lower muscle areas. Conclusions The association between higher intermuscular fat area and impaired physical function in aging is moderated by muscle area.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity Indices Are Major Determinants of Bone Strength in Older Adults With Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A239-A239
Author(s):  
Giulia Gregori ◽  
Arjun Paudyal ◽  
Yann Barnouin ◽  
Alessandra Celli ◽  
Reina Condevillamar Villareal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extension Strength

Abstract Background: The increasing number of older adults with obesity is a growing public health problem because of increased risk of fractures especially at the ankle and upper leg despite normal or high bone mineral density. Among the contributory factors for fracture risk in this population may be aging- and obesity- associated physical frailty and impaired bone quality. However, how the adverse changes in physical function and body composition in this aging and obese population contribute to bone quality as assessed by finite element analyses (FEA) of bone strength has not been determined. Methods: One-hundred sixty-nine older (age ≥ 65 yrs.) adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in lifestyle intervention trials at our Medical Center. All underwent baseline measurements of bone strength (failure load [N] and stiffness [N.mm-1]) as estimated using FEA from high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography (HR-pQCT) of the distal radius and tibia. In addition, body composition (appendicular lean mass/BMI [ALMBMI], fat mass/height2 [FMI]) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical function by the modified physical performance test (PPT), knee extension strength (isokinetic dynamometry), hand grip strength, and 4-meter gait speed. Results: Bivariate analyses showed that ALMBMI (r=.57 to .58), FMI (r=-.16 to -.17), gait speed (r=.20 to .21), grip strength (.56 to .57), and knee extension strength (r=.40 to .42) correlated with stiffness and failure load at the distal radius (all P&lt;0.05). In addition, ALMBMI (r=.65 to .67), FMI (r=-.22 to .23), gait speed (r+.18 to .19), grip strength (r=.58 to .59), and knee extension strength (r=.44 to .45) correlated with stiffness and failure load at the distal tibia (all P&lt;0.05). Controlling for age and sex, multiple regression analyses revealed that ALMBMI (β=.34 to .35) and grip strength (β=.28 to .29) were the independent predictors of stiffness and failure load at the distal radius, explaining 45% to 46% of the variance in stiffness and failure load (P&lt;0.001). On the other hand, multiple regression analyses revealed that ALMBMI (β=.45 to .52), grip strength (β=.27 to .28), and FMI (β=.17 to .18) were the independent predictors of stiffness and failure load at the distal tibia, explaining 74% to 75% of the variance in stiffness and failure load (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of preserving muscle mass while reducing fat mass and improving physical function to maintain bone quality and decrease the risk of fractures when older adults with obesity undergo lifestyle intervention.

scholarly journals Relationship between the skeletal muscle mass index and physical activity of Japanese children: A cross-sectional, observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251025
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ito ◽  
Hideshi Sugiura ◽  
Yuji Ito ◽  
Koji Noritake ◽  
Nobuhiko Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

Regular physical activity is an important component of physical health of children and has been associated with increasing skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. Children with low levels of physical activity may experience health problems, such as loss of muscle mass, later in life. Thus, it may be valuable to identify declining physical function in children who do not perform the recommended amount of physical activity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the amount of physical activity performed for ≥60 min per day for ≥5 days per week and the skeletal muscle mass index and physical function in young children. In total, 340 typically developing children aged 6–12 years (175 girls; average age, 9.5±1.9 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the proportion of children performing the recommended minimum of 60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at least 5 days per week. The skeletal muscle mass and Gait Deviation Index scores, gait speed, grip strength, Five Times Sit-to-Stand test results, Timed Up-and-Go test results, one-leg standing time, and gait efficiency were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with the skeletal muscle mass index, percent body fat, and physical function, after controlling for confounding factors (age and sex). A logistic regression analysis revealed that the skeletal muscle mass index was independently associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (odds ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–4.71; P = 0.017). Performance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for ≥5 days per week for ≥60 min per day was associated with the skeletal muscle mass index score of Japanese children. Our findings highlighted the importance of performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for the development of skeletal muscle mass in children.

scholarly journals Low skeletal muscle mass assessed directly from the 3rd cervical vertebra can predict pharyngocutaneous fistula risk after total laryngectomy in the male population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Casasayas ◽  
Jacinto García-Lorenzo ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Ansón ◽  
Victoria Medina ◽  
Alejandro Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Pharyngocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Purpose Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss and sarcopenia have been identified as risk factors for postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation after total laryngectomy (TL) and SMM assessed from a computed tomography image of the 3rd cervical vertebra (C3). Methods Retrospective study of 86 male patients who underwent TL between 2013 and 2019 in a single institution. We excluded women from the analysis due to our limited sample. SMM was determined from cross-sectional muscle area (CSMA) measurement at C3 using the ImageJ software. Results were compared with those for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) calculated from the estimated measure at 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3). Results PCF formation occurred in 21/86 patients. According to the CSMA at a C3 cut-off of 35.5cm2, of 18 patients (20.9%) with low SMM, 9 developed PCFs (50.0%). Among patients with normal SMM (n = 68, 79.1%), 12 developed PCFs (17.6%). The CSMA at C3 was the only variable significantly associated with PCF risk, which was 4.7 times greater in patients with low SMM (p = 0.007). Sarcopenia was more frequent in underweight patients (p = 0.0001), patients undergoing extended surgeries (p = 0.003), or presenting preoperative anaemia (p = 0.009) or hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.027). Conclusion Measuring the CSMA at C3 obtained results equivalent to those obtained by calculating the SMMI at L3, suggesting that direct SMM assessment from C3 is a useful approach to evaluating PCF formation risk after TL.

scholarly journals Urinary Levels of Titin-N Fragment, a Skeletal Muscle Damage Marker, are Increased in Subjects with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Oshida ◽  
Takashi Shida ◽  
Sechang Oh ◽  
Taeho Kim ◽  
Tomonori Isobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Fibrosis Score ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Nafld Fibrosis Score ◽  
Urinary Levels

AbstractSarcopenia is a pathological condition affecting the development and progression of NAFLD. Urinary levels of titin-N fragment, a biomarker reflecting muscle damage, were measured in NAFLD subjects, and analyzed in a retrospective manner for possible correlations with NAFLD pathophysiology to assess their clinical relevance. This study enrolled 153 NAFLD subjects and 100 subjects without NAFLD, obesity or diabetes mellitus (non-NAFLD). NAFLD subjects had more decreased knee extension strength. NAFLD subjects had greater subcutaneous fat thickness and echo intensity (brightness) of the rectus femoris muscle on ultrasound images; higher levels of the intra- and extra-myocellular lipids (IMCL, EMCL) using 1H-MRS. Urinary titin-N fragment levels were increased with increasing age but not different between males and females. NAFLD subjects had higher titin-N fragment levels than non-NAFLD subjects. The levels were negatively correlated with skeletal muscle mass and knee extension strength and positively correlated with muscle echo intensity, EMCL, and liver fibrosis scores (NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 index). Multivariate analysis revealed that factors affecting the levels were skeletal mass index, leg skeletal muscle mass, liver stiffness, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Urinary levels of titin-N fragment reflected skeletal muscle deterioration and functional decline, and was closely associated with hepatic pathological conditions in NAFLD subjects.

scholarly journals REPLY TO ATA AND COLLEAGUES’ LETTER TO THE EDITOR. Adjustments for Anterior Thigh Muscle Measuremets in Sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray

Thank you for your letter (1) concerning our article entitled, «Association of muscle strength and gait speed with cross-sectional muscle area determined by mid-thigh computed tomography—a comparison with skeletal muscle mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry» (2). We are pleased to know that you were interested in our work and have recognized the clinical relevance of measuring the quadriceps muscle mass for estimating the motor function.

Correlation of paretic knee extension strength with gait speed after stroke: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bohannon
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Knee Extension Strength ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between paretic knee extension strength and comfortable walking speed after stroke. However, the correlations reported are highly variable. This review sought to summarize the correlational data using meta-analysis. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified via a search of 3 bibliographic databases. Articles were screened and perused for inclusion. Included articles were examined for information on the sample studied, procedures for measuring strength and gait speed, and correlations reported between the 2 variables. Meta-analysis was used to calculate a summary correlation. RESULTS: Of 299 unique articles, 18 met inclusion criteria. Articles were diverse in regard to samples studied, procedures described, and correlations reported. Meta-analysis using data from all included studies revealed a summary correlation of 0.51. For studies using hand-held or isokinetic dynamometry, the summary correlation was 0.46 and 0.59 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a better indication of the correlation between paretic knee extension strength and comfortable gait speed than individual studies. The correlation is high enough to provide support for the routine measurement of paretic knee extension force for individuals who have experienced a stroke.

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