Factors determining the spread and impact of the exotic grass Indian couch (Bothriochloa pertusa) into native ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gabrielle Lebbink
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Grass

scholarly journals The N-fixing legume Periandra mediterranea constrains the invasion of an exotic grass (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv) by altering soil N cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina B. Nogueira ◽  
Esther Menéndez ◽  
Martha Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
Álvaro Peix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Cycling ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Exotic Grass

scholarly journals First record of Pseudoryzomys simplex (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) in a flooded area of the Pantanal, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1057
Author(s):  
R. W. Wolf ◽  
R. V. Rossi ◽  
M. Aragona ◽  
D. M. Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
First Record ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
The Real ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Exotic Grass

Abstract Pseudoryzomys simplex is a small to medium sized terrestrial rodent confined to lowland open areas with strong seasonal rainfall throughout the Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga. Despite its extensive range, the species is difficult to trap. In this report we provide the first record of P. simplex in the Pantanal, where three specimens were collected in a pasture of exotic grass. The specimens are morpometrically similar to the population from Paraguay (Chaco). In this sense, our report shows how interesting a taxonomic review of the species would be to better understand the real significance of the geographic variation herein observed.

scholarly journals Plant-Soil Relationships ofBromus tectorumL.: Interactions among Labile Carbon Additions, Soil Invasion Status, and Fertilizer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Blank ◽  
James A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Exotic Grass ◽  
Carbon Additions

Invasion of western North America by the annual exotic grassBromus tectorumL. (cheatgrass) has been an ecological disaster. High soil bioavailability of nitrogen is a contributing factor in the invasive potential ofB. tectorum. Application of labile carbon sources to the soil can immobilize soil nitrogen and favor native species. We studied the interaction of labile carbon addition (sucrose), with soil invasion status and fertilizer addition on the growth ofB. tectorum. Soils were noninvaded (BNI) andB. tectoruminvaded (BI). Treatments were control, sucrose, combined fertilizer, and sucrose + fertilizer. The greenhouse experiment continued for 3 growth-cycles. After the 1st growth-cycle, sucrose addition reducedB. tectorumaboveground mass almost 70 times for the BI soil but did not significantly reduce growth in the BNI soil.B. tectorumaboveground mass, after the 1st growth-cycle, was over 27 times greater for BI control soils than BNI control soils. Although sucrose addition reduced soil-solution , tissue N was not significantly lowered, suggesting that reduction of soil available N may not be solely responsible for reduction inB. tectorumgrowth. Noninvaded soil inhibits growth ofB. tectorum. Understanding this mechanism may lead to viable control strategies.

scholarly journals Herbicide and Native Grass Seeding Effects on Sulfur Cinquefoil (Potentilla Recta)-Infested Grasslands

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Endress ◽  
Catherine G. Parks ◽  
Bridgett J. Naylor ◽  
Steven R. Radosevich
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exotic Grass

AbstractSulfur cinquefoil is an exotic, perennial forb that invades a wide range of ecosystems in western North America. It forms dense populations and often threatens native plant species and communities. In this study, we address the following questions: (1) what herbicides, rates, and application times are most effective at reducing sulfur cinquefoil abundance while having the least impact on native plants; and (2) does postherbicide seeding with native grass species increase native plant abundance? In 2002, we experimentally examined the effects of five herbicides (dicamba + 2,4-D; metsulfuron-methyl; triclopyr; glyphosate; and picloram) at two rates of application (low and high), three application times (early summer, fall, and a combined early summer–fall treatment), and two postherbicide seed addition treatments (seeded or not seeded) on sulfur cinquefoil abundance, plant community composition, and species richness. Experimental plots were monitored through 2005. Picloram was the most effective herbicide at reducing sulfur cinquefoil density, the proportion of remaining adult plants, and seed production. The effects of picloram continued to be evident after 3 yr, with 80% reduction of sulfur cinquefoil in 2005. In addition, seeding of native grass seeds alone (no herbicide application) reduced the proportion of sulfur cinquefoil plants that were reproductively active. Despite reductions in sulfur cinquefoil abundance, all treatments remained dominated by exotic species because treated areas transitioned from exotic forb- to exotic grass-dominated communities. However, a one-time herbicide application controlled sulfur cinquefoil for at least 3 yr, and therefore might provide a foundation to begin ecological restoration. Herbicide applications alone likely are to be insufficient for long-term sulfur cinquefoil control without further modification of sites through native grass or forb seeding. Integrating herbicides with native plant seeding to promote the development of plant communities that are resistant to sulfur cinquefoil invasion is a promising management approach to ecological restoration.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE GRASSES IN THE CERRADO

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Paula Alves Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Coelho De Moura ◽  
Lidia Gabriella Santos ◽  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Leandro Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Invasive Grasses ◽  
African Grasses ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Exotic Grass

Biological invasion, mainly by African grasses, is one of the main threats to the Cerrado's biodiversity. The objective of this study was to elucidate the distribution patterns of the exotic grass Melinis minutiflora and the native grass Trichanthecium cyanescens, in order to verify the areas of potential occurrence of these species and, thus, to infer if their potential distribution will be affected by climate changes. Species occurrence data and ten uncorrelated climatic variables referring to the forecasts for the current period and future forecasts (2050 and 2070) were used for the analysis of the modeling. The models indicated the existence of environmental suitability, with AUCs above 0.8 (good) being observed in M. minutiflora and above 0.9 (excellent) in T. cyanescens. It is concluded that climate change may have negative impacts on the geographic distribution of these species, reducing the area of environmental suitability for them. In addition, the species studied have similar areas of potential distribution and regularly overlap, which can make M. minutiflora a threat to the conservation of T. cyanences, due to the invasion potential of the first.

Where have all the wildflowers gone? The role of exotic grass thatch

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-968
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Molinari ◽  
Carla M. D’Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Grass

Pasture-scale vegetation predicts Dickcissel nest-site selection and success in native and exotic grass pastures

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P Monroe ◽  
L Wes Burger ◽  
James A Martin
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Exotic Grass ◽  
Tall Structure

Abstract Exotic grasses such as bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) are widely established across the southeastern United States as livestock forage, but their structure and management can limit avian reproductive success. Native warm-season grasses (NWSG) are promoted as sustainable forage alternatives. To examine nesting suitability for tall structure specialists such as Dickcissels (Spiza americana) we established an operational-scale study in northeastern Mississippi, USA, with 4 treatments along a gradient of beef production intensity. Treatments included grazed exotic forages, 2 grazed NWSG treatments including Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) monoculture and NWSG polyculture of Indiangrass, little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), and an ungrazed NWSG polyculture treatment. We monitored 208 Dickcissel nests in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate effects of treatment, vegetation structure, fire ants (Solenopsis spp.), and arthropod prey biomass on nest-site selection and nest survival. Survival rates varied among treatments and increased with pasture-scale visual obstruction reading (VOR), being lowest among grazed exotic grass, intermediate in grazed NWSG, and highest in ungrazed NWSG. Although Dickcissels selected nest sites with greater VOR, we found little support for effects of nest-site vegetation on survival. However, nest survival was lower for nests in shrubs that also occurred in pastures with greater shrub cover, and selection for shrubs declined as pasture-scale VOR increased, suggesting a functional response in selection. We found little support for food availability influencing nest survival. These results suggest NWSG pastures increase Dickcissel nest success through greater pasture-scale VOR by reducing Dickcissel selection of shrubs for nest sites, and possibly by reducing predator efficiency. Incorporating NWSG into beef production systems while maintaining availability of tall vegetation could benefit Dickcissels and other tall structure specialists.

scholarly journals Threatened species in a threatened ecosystem: the conservation status of four Solanum species in the face of ongoing habitat loss

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick J. Fensham ◽  
Jason Halford ◽  
Chris Hansen ◽  
Boris Laffineur ◽  
Billie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
The Face ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Exotic Grass

AbstractPlant biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and invasion by exotic species, but the effects of these disturbances on individual plant species are rarely quantified. Since the 1950s, brigalow Acacia harpophylla forests in Australia have been extensively cleared and converted to pastures dominated by exotic grasses. Here we assess the habitat requirements, population numbers and threats for four poorly known bush tomato species, Solanum adenophorum, Solanum dissectum, Solanum elachophyllum and Solanum johnsonianum. Herbarium records and surveys demonstrated a strong association of all four species with brigalow habitat, although S. elachophyllum also occurred in other habitat. We derived historical and current population estimates from plant densities at current sites and the area of mapped brigalow habitat. Density estimates are imprecise because the survey data vary greatly, but the assessment indicates the populations of all four species have declined > 93%. Solanum dissectum and S. johnsonianum did not persist in cleared brigalow habitat, whereas S. adenophorum and S. elachophyllum had some capacity to persist in clearings. None of the species occur where the exotic grass cover is > 40%. Between 27% and 57% of the records of the four species are in brigalow remnants with a high edge-to-area ratio or open canopy (< 50% cover), making them highly vulnerable to invasive grasses. We recommend the categorization of S. dissectum and S. johnsonianum as Critically Endangered, S. adenophorum as Vulnerable and S. elachophyllum as Near Threatened.

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