Genetic analyses of Australian Fusarium pseudograminearum populations causing crown rot in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammed Waleed Khudhair Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Crown Rot ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Root-Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei) and Crown Rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) on Diverse Cereal Cultivars in a Conservation Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
John P. Thompson ◽  
Timothy G. Clewett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
The Impact

In two experiments on a farm practicing conservation agriculture, the grain yield of a range of wheat cultivars was significantly (p < 0.001) negatively related to the post-harvest population densities of Pratylenchus thornei in the soil profile to 45 cm depth. In a third and fourth experiment with different rotations, methyl bromide fumigation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (a) a low initial population density of P. thornei in the soil profile to 90 cm depth and (b) a high initial population of P. thornei to 45 cm depth, and a medium level of the crown rot fungus, Fusarium pseudograminearum, at 0–15 cm depth to a low level. For a range of wheat and durum cultivars, grain yield and response to fumigation were highly significantly (p < 0.001) related to (a) the P. thornei tolerance index of the cultivars in the third experiment, and (b) to both the P. thornei tolerance index and the crown rot resistance index in the fourth experiment. In the latter, grain yield was significantly (p < 0.001) positively related to biomass at anthesis and negatively related to percentage whiteheads at grain fill growth stage. One barley cultivar was more tolerant to both diseases than the wheat and durum cultivars. Crop rotation, utilizing crop cultivars resistant and tolerant to both P. thornei and F. pseudograminearum, is key to success for conservation farming in this region.

scholarly journals Colonization of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Culms Exhibiting Premature Senescence (Dead Heads) Associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum Crown Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1788-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Bethany Macdonald ◽  
Mark W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Significant Disease

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

Genetic diversity of Australian Fusarium pseudograminearum populations causing crown rot in wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khudhair ◽  
F. Obanor ◽  
K. Kazan ◽  
D. M. Gardiner ◽  
E. Aitken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Margaret Evans ◽  
Amanda J. Able
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

scholarly journals Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Knight ◽  
B. Macdonald ◽  
C. Percy ◽  
M. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Disease States ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
Rot Disease

AbstractHexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary.

Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxi Liu ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Meixue Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Pyramiding QTL increases seedling resistance to crown rot (Fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bovill ◽  
M. Horne ◽  
D. Herde ◽  
M. Davis ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

Methyl jasmonate induced gene expression in wheat delays symptom development by the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia J. Desmond ◽  
Cameron I. Edgar ◽  
John M. Manners ◽  
Donald J. Maclean ◽  
Peer M. Schenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

scholarly journals The FpPPR1 Gene Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein That Is Essential for Asexual Development, Sporulation, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Wang ◽  
Shunpei Xie ◽  
Yinshan Zhang ◽  
Ruijiao Kang ◽  
Mengjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Asexual Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Redox Stress ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and are newly emerging diseases of wheat in China. In this study, we characterized FpPPR1, a gene that encodes a protein with 12 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. The radial growth rate of the ΔFpppr1 deletion mutant was significantly slower than the wild type strain WZ-8A on potato dextrose agar plates and exhibited significantly smaller colonies with sector mutations. The aerial mycelium of the mutant was almost absent in culture tubes. The ΔFpppr1 mutant was able to produce spores, but spores of abnormal size and altered conidium septum shape were produced with a significant reduction in sporulation compared to wild type. ΔFpppr1 failed to cause disease on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves using mycelia plugs or spore suspensions. The mutant phenotypes were successfully restored to the wild type levels in complemented strains. FpPpr1-GFP signals in spores and mycelia predominantly overlapped with Mito-tracker signals, which substantiated the mitochondria targeting signal prediction of FpPpr1. RNAseq revealed significant transcriptional changes in the ΔFpppr1 mutant with 1,367 genes down-regulated and 1,333 genes up-regulated. NAD-binding proteins, thioredoxin, 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain proteins, and cytochrome P450 genes were significantly down-regulated in ΔFpppr1, implying the dysfunction of mitochondria-mediated reductase redox stress in the mutant. The mating type idiomorphic alleles MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-1-3 in F. pseudograminearum were also down-regulated after deletion of FpPPR1 and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, 21 genes encoding putative heterokaryon incompatibility proteins were down-regulated. The yellow pigmentation of the mutant was correlated with reduced expression of PKS12 cluster genes. Taken together, our findings on FpPpr1 indicate that this PPR protein has multiple functions in fungal asexual development, regulation of heterokaryon formation, mating-type, and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum.

scholarly journals Analysis of Apoptosis-Related Genes Reveals that Apoptosis Functions in Conidiation and Pathogenesis of Fusarium pseudograminearum

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Chen ◽  
Yuming Ma ◽  
Mengya Peng ◽  
Wenbo Chen ◽  
Huiqing Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibitor

ABSTRACT Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, from development to adaptive responses. Key features of apoptosis have been verified in various fungal microbes but not yet in Fusarium species. Here, we identified 19 apoptosis-related genes in Fusarium pseudograminearum using a genome-wide survey. Expression profile analysis revealed that several apoptosis-related genes were significantly increased during conidiation and infection stages. Among these is FpBIR1, with two BIR (baculovirus inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein repeat) domains at the N-terminal end of the protein, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BIR1, which is a unique apoptosis inhibitor. FpNUC1 is the ortholog of S. cerevisiae NUC1, which triggers AIF1- or YCA1-independent apoptosis. The functions of these two proteins were assessed by creating Δfpbir1 and Δfpnuc1 mutants via targeted gene deletion. The Δfpbir1 mutant had more cells with nuclear fragmentation and exhibited reduced conidiation, conidial formation, and infectivity. Correspondingly, the Δfpnuc1 mutant contained multiple nuclei, produced thicker and more branched hyphae, was reduced in conidiation, and exhibited faster conidial formation and higher infection rates. Taken together, our results indicate that the apoptosis-related genes FpBIR1 and FpNUC1 function in conidiation, conidial germination, and infection by F. pseudograminearum. IMPORTANCE The plant-pathogenic fungus F. pseudograminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat and barley, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. Particularly, in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China, F. pseudograminearum was reported as the dominant Fusarium species in FCR infections. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in eukaryotes, playing crucial roles in development and cell responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, few reports on apoptosis in plant fungal pathogens have been published. In this study, we identified 19 conserved apoptosis-related genes in F. pseudograminearum, several of which were significantly increased during conidiation and infection stages. Potential apoptosis functions were assessed by deletion of the putative apoptosis inhibitor gene FpBIR1 and apoptosis trigger gene FpNUC1 in F. pseudograminearum. The FpBIR1 deletion mutant exhibited defects in conidial germination and pathogenicity, whereas the FpNUC1 deletion mutant experienced faster conidial formation and higher infection rates. Apoptosis appears to negatively regulate the conidial germination and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of apoptosis contributing to infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document