Tsunami-triggered oil spill fire hazard assessment: application to a hypothetical megathrust earthquake in the Nankai Trough

The multi-cell concept is further applied for assessing the fire hazard of a big hall using a zone model. A hall of size 60 m by 60 m by 5 m was selected for the study. HAZARD1, a computer-based hazard calculation method combining models of fire growth and egress was used for fire hazard assess ment. This hall was divided into a "nine-room" structure, a "three-room" struc ture, and a "one-room" structure. Room numbers and node numbers for each group were labelled for use by the evacuation module EXITT. The fire environ ment was simulated by the fire zone model CFAST. With the predicted results, the escape paths of the occupants were then simulated. The module TENAB was used to study whether tenability criteria were exceeded. Because the "multi-cell" concept of using a zone model can give detailed information in the fire environment, better identification of the escape path and more accurate prediction on tenability are possible.

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Assessment of Heating and Cooling of a Spontaneous Fire Source in Coal Deposits—Effect of Coal Grain Size

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10100907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 907

Author(s):

Marek Więckowski ◽

Natalia Howaniec ◽

Adam Smoliński

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Temperature Drop ◽

Coal Bed ◽

Coal Deposit ◽

Fire Source ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Spontaneous Fire ◽

The Impact

Fire hazard assessment in coal mines is performed on the basis of concentrations of particular gases emitted from the heating coal deposit, but more precise criteria and indicators are needed to assess fire hazard properly—both during the temperature rise phase and in the coal bed cooling phase. In the paper the impact of coal grinding on hazard assessment of spontaneous fire development in the coal deposit during heating and cooling the fire source was analyzed. The intensity of desorption of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, acetylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen is the resultant of temperature and grinding of coal samples. The results proved that the ratio of concentrations emitted by standard versus coarsely crushed coal for each of the gases, changed both in the growth phase as well as in the temperature drop phase. It was found that as the temperature rose, the effect of coal grinding on the release of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene and carbon monoxide decreased. The greatest effect of coal grinding was observed in the case of ethane and propane, while the lowest in the case of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

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Cluster Analysis of Long-Period Ground-Motion Simulation Data with Application to Nankai Trough Megathrust Earthquake Scenarios

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2018.p0254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 254-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takahiro Maeda ◽

Hiroyuki Fujiwara ◽

Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽

Satsuki Shimono ◽

Sho Akagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ground Motion ◽

Principal Components ◽

Nankai Trough ◽

Motion Simulation ◽

Simulation Data ◽

Ground Motion Simulation ◽

Megathrust Earthquake ◽

Earthquake Scenarios ◽

Long Period ◽

Long Period Ground Motion

We developed a clustering method combining principal component analysis and the k-means algorithm, which classifies earthquake scenarios based on the similarity of the spatial distribution of earthquake ground-motion simulation data generated for many earthquake scenarios, and applied it to long-period ground-motion simulation data for Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake scenarios. Values for peak ground velocity and relative velocity response at approximately 80,000 locations in 369 earthquake scenarios were represented by 15 principal components each, and earthquake scenarios were categorized into 30 clusters. In addition, based on clustering results, we determined that extracting relationships between principal components and scenario parameters is possible. Furthermore, by utilizing these relationships, it may be possible to easily estimate the approximate ground-motion distribution from the principal components of arbitrary sets of scenario parameters.

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