Pit Storage Technologies and Agricultural Risk Minimisation in Central Anatolia A Phytolith Analysis of Kaman-Kalehöyük’s Bronze and Iron Age Pits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Molly Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Risk Minimisation ◽  
Agricultural Risk ◽  
Phytolith Analysis ◽  
Storage Technologies

Changes in regional settlement patterns in Cappadocia (central Turkey) since the Neolithic: a combined site survey perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Lee Allcock ◽  
Neil Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Settlement ◽  
Central Turkey

AbstractMore than 50 years of archaeological survey work carried out in Cappadocia in central Turkey has produced a number of important contributions to the understanding of long-term settlement histories. This article synthesises and critically evaluates the results of three field surveys conducted in Cappadocia which recorded material remains dating from the Early Holocene through to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. Results from the combined Cappadocia surveys reveal temporal patterns over the longue durée that include a lack of detectable pre-Neolithic occupation and important exploitation of obsidian as a raw material during the Neolithic. There was growth and expansion of settlement during the later Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, a steady continuation of settlement during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, followed by rupture in settlement at the end of the Bronze Age. A new phase of settlement expansion began during the Iron Age and continued through Hellenistic and Roman times. This in turn was disrupted during the Byzantine period, which is associated with increased numbers of fortified sites. The succeeding long cycle of settlement began in Seljuk times and continued through to the end of the Ottoman period. Comparison with systematic archaeological site surveys in the adjacent regions of Paphlagonia and Konya shows some differences in settlement patterns, but overall broad sim¬ilarities indicate a coherent trajectory of settlement across central Anatolia over the last ten millennia.

Diaspora and the Origins of the Syro-Anatolian Culture Complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-68
Author(s):  
James F. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Paul Gilroy ◽  
Cultural Origins

This chapter proposes a model for how the Syro-Anatolian Culture Complex (SACC) arose during the Late Bronze–Iron Age transition at the end of the second millennium and start of the first millennium BCE. It presents SACC as a case study for diaspora studies in the tradition of Paul Gilroy and James Clifford. A series of demographic transformations took place at this time, including small-scale migrations from central Anatolia and the Aegean into southeastern Anatolia, as well as a ruralization of the local settlement patterns from previous major urban centers. Together, these transformations brought several different populations into close contact with one another, resulting in a diverse ethnolinguistic landscape reminiscent of certain contemporary situations of diaspora. It is precisely these mixed cultural origins that have led SACC to be so difficult for scholars to characterize, leading as it did to multiple affiliation groups sharing cultural and political traditions.

The Iron Age on the Central Anatolian Plateau

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kealhofer ◽  
Peter Grave
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Anatolian Plateau ◽  
Geographical Context

This article presents data on the Iron Age of central Anatolia. After describing the geographical context of the Anatolian plateau, it outlines advances and constraints in the development of a regional chronological framework. The current understanding of the Iron Age is then explored based on recent excavations of Iron Age levels at four sites: Gordion, Boğazköy, Kaman–Kalehöyük, and Çadır Höyük. Recent work at Kerkenes Dağ and Dorylaion/Eskişehir, as well as regional surveys, provide some additional shape to this still-fragmentary picture. The evidence from the sites suggests occupational continuity following the collapse of the Hittite Empire, despite indications of significant socioeconomic and political changes.

Dating Gordion: the Timing and Tempo of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Political Transformation

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-514
Author(s):  
Lisa Kealhofer ◽  
Peter Grave ◽  
Mary M Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Type Site ◽  
Key Events

ABSTRACTGordion has long served as an archaeological type site for Iron Age central Anatolia and provided pioneering radiocarbon (14C) determinations as reported in the first issue ofRadiocarbon(1959). Absolute dating of key events at Gordion continue to reshape our understanding of regional development and interaction in the Iron Age, with a major conflagration in the late 9th BCE century at this site the most recent focus of attention (DeVries et al. 2003). Here we present the latest series of14C determinations for Gordion from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age contexts. Fifteen absolute dates provide a critical new framework for establishing the timing and tempo of cultural transformation from the collapse of the Hittite Empire through to the subsequent formation of the Phrygian polity that dominated central Anatolia from the 9th to the 7th c. BCE. This chronometric revision transforms our perspective on the LBA/EIA transition at this site: from disengagement from Hittite hegemony in the 12th c. BCE, to the precocious emergence of the Phrygian capital in the early 9th c. BCE.

scholarly journals Woodland modification in Bronze and Iron Age central Anatolia: an anthracological signature for the Hittite state?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Wright ◽  
Andrew S. Fairbairn ◽  
J. Tyler Faith ◽  
Kimiyoshi Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Anatolia

Formation of the Phrygian state: the Early Iron Age at Gordion

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Voigt ◽  
Robert C. Henrickson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
European Language ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

A brief history of archaeological research at Gordion Piecing together documentary sources from areas to the east and west of Anatolia, historians agree that in the eighth century BC, central Anatolia was dominated by people who spoke an Indo-European language, Phrygian (Mellink 1991: 621; Muscarella 1995: 92 with refs). From historical sources we also know the location of the Phrygians' capital, Gordion: Quintus Curtius (Hist Alex III.1–2) states that the city lay on the Sangarios River ‘equally distant from the Pontic and Cilician Seas’. Using this description, Gustav and Augustus Körte travelled across Turkey more than a century ago looking for the physical remains of Gordion and Phrygia. They eventually focused on a mound lying adjacent to the Sangarios or modern Sakarya. The mound, now called Yassıhöyük, is large relative to others in the region, and lies in the proper geographical setting for ancient Gordion; a series of artificial mounds or tumuli scattered across nearby slopes provides additional evidence of the settlement's importance.

scholarly journals A Review of Pottery Cultures in Central Anatolia during the Middle Iron Age, taking Yassıhöyük (Kırşehir) as a Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurcan Küçükarslan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
Painted Pottery

Middle Iron Age (MIA): 9th-8th c. BC in Central Anatolia.Yassıhöyük is a mound located 160 km southeast of Ankara (Turkey), 25 km north of Kırşehir and 30 km east of Kaman-Kalehöyük.Kaman-Kalehöyük is a mound located 100 km southeast of Ankara.Region 1 (Representative Site: Gordion)Gordion was the capital city of Phrygia, 100 km southwest of Ankara.Diagnostic pottery type: monochrome grey wares.Political Entity: PhrygiaRegion 2 (Representative Site: Boğazköy)Boğazköy is a slope settlement located 208 km northeast of Ankara and 82 km southwest of Çorum.Diagnostic pottery type: painted pottery with matt dark paint, Alisar IV ceramics.Political Entity: -Region 3 (Representative Site: Porsuk-Zeyve Höyük)Porsuk is a mound located 359 km southeast of Ankara and 55 km southwest of Niğde.Diagnostic pottery type: -Political Entity: Many kingdoms under Assyrian control (Tabal Region) (More info:http://www.tayproject.org)

Continuity and interaction in the Iron Age of central Anatolia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Orlene McIlfatrick
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Anatolia

Early Phrygian drawings from Gordion and the elements of Phrygian artistic style

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Artistic Style ◽  
The Subject

The excavations of Young at Gordion (1950–73) made an immeasurable contribution to our understanding of the Iron Age in central Anatolia. Amidst the attention paid to his discoveries of rich burial tumuli and substantial buildings within the elite quarter of the Gordion citadel mound, a series of casual drawings incised on the exterior surface of one of these buildings, Megaron 2, has received less notice. Known informally as ‘doodles’, these drawings range from small cursory sketches to larger complex pictures. They were noted in the Gordion preliminary excavation reports for the 1956 and 1957 seasons and were the subject of a brief study in Archaeology in 1969, but their significance has never been fully assessed. Yet these drawings, while hardly great art, have the potential to offer much valuable information on Phrygian interests and activities and on the Phrygians' sources of artistic inspiration in the late eighth century BC. For this reason I am undertaking a full review of all the stones with incised Phrygian drawings for publication. My goal here is to discuss the technique and subject matter of the drawings, and offer some suggestions about the artistic impetuses which lay behind them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document