Fire behavior of fire-retardant-treated wooden facades: comparison of deterioration caused by accelerated weathering and natural exposure in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Yoshioka ◽  
Yuhei Nishio ◽  
Manabu Kanematsu ◽  
Takafumi Noguchi ◽  
Tetsuya Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Natural Exposure

scholarly journals Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Kamila Sałasińska ◽  
Maciej Celiński ◽  
Kamila Mizera ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Paweł Kozikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resin ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Volatile Products

In this paper, the fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) modified with L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP), being a novel intumescent fire retardant (IFR), was investigated. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the UP with different amounts of LHP (from 10 to 30 wt. %) were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as well as dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Reaction to small flames was studied by horizontal burning (HB) test, while fire behavior and smoke emission were investigated with the cone calorimeter (CC) and smoke density chamber. Further, the analysis of volatile products was conducted (TGA/FT-IR). It was observed that the addition of LHP resulted in the formation of carbonaceous char inhibiting the thermal decomposition, burning rate and smoke emission. The most promising results were obtained for the UP containing 30 wt. % of LHP, for which the highest reduction in maximum values of heat release rate (200 kW/m2) and total smoke release (3535 m2/m2) compared to unmodified polymer (792 kW/m2 and 6895 m2/m2) were recorded. However, some important disadvantage with respect to water resistance was observed.

scholarly journals Valorization of Industrial Lignin as Biobased Carbon Source in Fire Retardant System for Polyamide 11 Blends

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Mandlekar ◽  
Aurélie Cayla ◽  
François Rault ◽  
Stéphane Giraud ◽  
Fabien Salaün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Flame Retarded

In this study, two different types of industrial lignin (i.e., lignosulphonate lignin (LL) and kraft lignin (DL)) were exploited as charring agents with phosphorus-based flame retardants for polyamide 11 (PA11). The effect of lignins on the thermal stability and fire behavior of PA11 combined with phosphinate additives (namely, aluminum phosphinate (AlP) and zinc phosphinate (ZnP)) has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL 94 vertical flame spread, and cone calorimetry tests. Various blends of flame retarded PA11 were prepared by melt process using a twin-screw extruder. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that the LL containing ternary blends are able to provide higher thermal stability, as well as a developed char residue. The decomposition of the phosphinates led to the formation of phosphate compounds in the condensed phase, which promotes the formation of a stable char. Flammability tests showed that LL/ZnP ternary blends were able to achieve self-extinction and V-1 classification; the other formulations showed a strong melt dripping and higher burning. In addition to this, cone calorimetry results showed that the most enhanced behavior was found when 10 wt % of LL and AlP were combined, which strongly reduced PHRR (−74%) and THR (−22%), due to the interaction between LL and AlP, which not only promotes char formation but also confers the stability to char in the condensed phase.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DURABILITY OF REACTION-TO-FIRE PERFORMANCE OF FIRE-RETARDANT TREATED WOODEN FACADES BY ACCELERATED WEATHERING TEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (60) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
Miki NAKAMURA ◽  
Manabu KANEMATSU ◽  
Yuhei NISHIO ◽  
Hideki YOSHIOKA ◽  
Shinji HAGIHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Accelerated Weathering Test

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF WATER-RETAINING POLYMER AS FIRE RETARDANT IN INDIRECT USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina de Lima ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Luana Bouvié ◽  
Charles Campoe Martim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Controlled Burns ◽  
Spray Volume

ABSTRACT The use of fire retardants increases efficiency in fighting forest fires, however, it still presents uncertainties regarding environmental contamination, recommendations for preparation, and it lack of regulation in Brazil. In this scenario, alternative products such as water-retaining polymers, that can reduce the rapid evaporation of water, can also have positive effects in terms of reducing fire behavior. Efficiency and ways of using the water-retaining polymer as a short-duration fire retardant (indirect combat) in controlled burns in eucalyptus plantations were evaluated. Five concentrations (dilution in water), three volumes of spray solution, and two post-application times on the combustible material available in the area were evaluated. Controlled burns were conducted downwind, between 10 am and 2 pm, during dry season in the region, with micrometeorological and fire behavior assessments (fire propagation speed and length of flames). Increased spray volume and concentration of water-retaining polymer led to reductions in the spread of fire. In eucalyptus combustible material, the water-retaining polymer can be used as a fire retardant of short duration (effective up to two hours after application), considering a spray volume of 2.0 L m-2 and concentration of 0.0060% (diluted in water).

FIRE BEHAVIOR OF TIMBER PRODUCTS WITH AND WITHOUT FIRE RETARDANT

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-227
Author(s):  
W. K. CHOW ◽  
S. S. HAN ◽  
C. L. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Timber Products

Effect of Flame Retardants on Wood Plastic Composites-HDPE Based

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rashid Yusof Hamid ◽  
Ahmad Haji Sahrim
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Plastic Composite

Recently, research on natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has gained importance due to the abundant sources of fibers that can be obtained at very low cost. In this study, wood plastic composite (WPC) materials is made by mixing (compounding) high density polyethylene (HDPE) and (ligno) cellulose fiber, i.e. rice husk reinforced with sawdust have been manufactured using a high volume process using counter rotating twin screw extruder. Different fire retardant agents have been employed in order to improve fire behavior in this study. The flammability and thermal stability of WPC-HDPE based in different compositions have been carried out by fire test method according to ASTM D635-06 and evaluated by thermo gravimetric analysis respectively. The properties of flexural strength and impact strength were also included.

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