scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY AMONG SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENT FEMALES IN RURAL AREA OF WARDHA DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Sarika More ◽  
Sumeet Shende
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Adolescent Females

scholarly journals Effects of Iron Deficiency on Cognitive Function in School Going Adolescent Females in Rural Area of Central India

Anemia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika More ◽  
V. B. Shivkumar ◽  
Nitin Gangane ◽  
Sumeet Shende
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Central India ◽  
Adolescent Females

scholarly journals Association of Household Food Security with Anaemia among Children of a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Md Nazrul Islam Khan ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Farzana Zafreen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Household Food ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Food insecurity refers to a household’s having “limited or uncertain availability of food, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways”. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, are the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide and related to household food insecurity. Objectives: To find out the association between household food security and anaemia in children of a selected rural area of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children ranging age from 12 to 60 months during the period ofJanuary 2009 to June 2009in Chandpur district. Mothers of the children were the respondents. A total of 192 children selected by simple random sampling were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents and by estimation of haemoglobin of the children. Results: The mean age of the children was 34.5 ± 16.8 months. Male children were more than the female children with male to female ratio being 3:2. The average monthly family income was taka 7500. More than 60% of the mother had secondary level education. Farming was the prime occupation (36.4 %) of the father followed by business (25.5%) and service (22.4%). About 36% of the household did not have food security and nearly 45% of the children wereanaemic (Hb<11 g/dl). About two-thirds (65.2%) children with household food insecurity was anaemic (Hb 11g/dl). Estimation of odds ratio demonstrates that food insecured children were nearly 3 times as likely to develop anaemia as the children having household food security. The present study revealed a significant association (P<0.001) between household food security and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. Low family income and mother’ illiteracy was significantly associated with household food insecurity. Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant association between household food insecurity and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. However, low family income and mothers’ illiteracy play significant role in household food security. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 130-133

Iron Deficiency without Anemia: A Common Yet Under-Recognized Diagnosis in Young Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3510-3510
Author(s):  
Abigail T. Lang ◽  
Stephen Johnson ◽  
Mollie Sturm ◽  
Sarah H. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Bleeding Disorder ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Deficient

Abstract Background Iron deficiency anemia is a common complication of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in adolescents both with and without underlying bleeding disorders. As such, the Centers for Disease Control recommends screening young women with HMB for iron deficiency anemia annually. However, iron deficiency, even without anemia, is also associated with a variety of physical symptoms, including fatigue and decreased tolerance for exercise, as well as neuropsychological sequelae such as irritability, apathy, depressive symptoms, and decreased cognitive function and quality of life. Screening for iron deficiency is routinely tested in the primary care setting with point of care hemoglobin (Hgb) or complete blood count (CBC). However, these tests are unable to identify iron deficiency without anemia. Objectives Given the commonality of iron deficiency without anemia in adolescent females, the primary objective of this study was to determine the percentage of iron deficiency that would have been missed by screening with 1) Hgb or 2) CBC testing with MCV, as compared to performing screening ferritin levels, in a population of young women with HMB. Additionally, we examined potential risk factors contributing to iron deficiency, including age at diagnosis of HMB, presence of an underlying bleeding disorder, body mass index (BMI), and household income. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for 114 adolescent females ages 9-19 years referred as new patients to the Young Women’s Hematology Clinic at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, for evaluation of HMB. Exclusion criteria included patients who did not have a CBC and ferritin drawn on the same day or within the preceding month and those patients with histories of prior transfusions, thrombocytopenia, or hemoglobinopathies. Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin <20 ng/mL, anemia as hemoglobin <12 g/dL, and microcytosis as MCV <80. Results The mean age of patients at evaluation for HMB was 14.3 (SD = 2.0) years of age, and 80 (70.2%) were ultimately diagnosed with an underlying bleeding disorder. Fifty-eight (50.9%) patients had ferritin levels indicating iron deficiency, twenty-nine (25.4%) patients were anemic, and 26 (23.9%) patients had microcytic MCV levels. To compare the sensitivities of a Hb vs. full CBC in detecting iron deficiency, only iron deficient patients with full CBC testing results (including an MCV) were included in the analysis (n=54). Of these 54 patients, Hgb correctly identified 42.6% (n=23) of iron-deficient patients vs. 46.3% (n=25) that were correctly identified with CBC (which could show either low hemoglobin and/or microcytosis). Though the CBC captured an additional 2 patients, this was not a statistically significant difference (p=0.5). Patients had significantly higher odds of having iron deficiency if they were overweight or obese [2.81, 95% CI: (1.25, 6.29)] when compared to patients with normal BMIs. Age at evaluation of HMB, the presence of an underlying bleeding disorder, and median household income were not significantly associated with iron deficiency. Discussion Iron deficiency with and without anemia remains a common yet treatable condition in adolescent females with HMB. Iron deficiency with and without anemia was found commonly in our patient population. Our study shows that screening Hgb or CBC alone may miss over half of patients with iron deficiency. We recommend serum ferritin in addition to Hgb as a screening tool for iron deficiency in adolescent females with HMB. Additionally, a higher index of suspicion for iron deficiency should be noted in adolescent females with an increased BMI. Primary care and specialty physicians caring for young women need to be aware that iron deficiency without anemia can lead to clinical symptoms and that adolescent females with HMB are at high risk for iron deficiency. Improved screening strategies will allow for earlier implementation of iron therapy and improvement of symptoms. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Study of menstrual disorder in adolescent girls at tertiary care centre in rural area

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Yadav ◽  
Deepa L. Masand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
World Population ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Total adolescent world population is 16%.  Adolescents (10-19 years) constitute 21.3% i.e. nearly 1/5th of total population of India. 19% of the total population-faces a series of serious challenges not only affecting their growth and development but also their livelihood as adults. The objective of the current study was to observe the menstrual disorders among adolescent females and to observe the demographic profile and assess hygiene practices during menstruation and grade of anemia due to menstrual morbidity.  Methods: A random selection of adolescent’s females were done from gynaecology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital in rural area. Study done on 180 adolescent girls from January 01, 2016 to June 31st, 2017, it is a descriptive type of observational study. Counseling done of adolescent females on menstrual hygiene and nutrition. Results: Most common menstrual morbidity seen in this study is dysmenorrhea (41.66%) followed by heavy menstrual bleeding i.e 25% and irregular menstrual bleeding (13.33%) subsequently. All these problems are associated with their practices used during menstruation. Poor menstrual hygiene was seen associated with 30 to 35% of abdominal cramps and mood swings, heavy menstrual bleeding and nutritional deficiency leads to moderate anemia (7 to10 gm%) in 83%.Conclusions: Due to unhygienic practices and lack of education and awareness about hygiene many of the girls were suffering from reproductive tract infections and poor nutrition leads to anemia. So, we all need to educate them about hygiene and spread awareness about the various services provided by the government like supplying of sanitary napkins to overcome infections.

Iron deficiency and fatigue in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding

Haemophilia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wang ◽  
T. Bourgeois ◽  
J. Klima ◽  
E. D. Berlan ◽  
A. N. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding
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