scholarly journals Giant Papilloma on the Back of the Knee Joint - A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2517-2520
Author(s):  
M.V. Ravishankar ◽  
N.M. Shama Sundar ◽  
Pushpalatha K.
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sebaceous Cyst ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Slow Growing

Papilloma is a benign tumour projecting above the surface of the skin. It grows from the epithelial tissue; develops as finger like fronds. Human contact with human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the important causes for its occurrence. It feels rubbery and semisolid in consistency. Papilloma is a slow growing and long-lasting common tumor seen in various parts of the body like skin, breast, cervix, conjunctiva, etc. Its location on the exposed parts of the body like, around the face, neck, limbs, etc. causes much discomfort. Hence most of them prefer an early medical and surgical intervention to restore the cosmetic profile of the body to avoid growing physiopsychological discomforts. Clinical resemblance of any such swellings may require a meticulous examination and evaluation to differentiate them from other commonly seen external growths from the body surface; like sebaceous cyst, dermoid cyst, wart, haemangioma, neurofibroma, etc. One such clinical rare case of unusually large papilloma in an elderly lady aged about 65 years was presented with a swelling in her left popliteal region and excised under local anaesthesia, will be presented along with discussions. Human body is prone to show some solitary or multiple swellings on the inner or outer surface of the body. For the clinical diagnosis of a swelling, it is important for a clinician to know its source of origin. Swellings may arise from the skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, vessel, nerve, bone, etc. It is also important to consider whether it is a congenital or acquired defect or it is caused due to any trauma, or could be a mere inflammatory response which lasts temporarily.1 An abnormal growth of cells which grow more rapidly than other normal cells in the body are called neoplasms. They may be benign (harmless) or malignant (cancerous). Benign swellings are usually localized, may grow big without spreading or invading into other structures whereas malignant swellings can spread and invade the nearby tissues directly or through the blood or lymph nodes to different organs through metastasis, hence they need a thorough clinical evaluation. Soft tissue swelling especially in the young individuals often may be missed or delayed in the diagnosis of malignancy due to asymptomatic nature of the lesion with unfamiliar age. The nature of the swelling, its duration, location, and tissue of origin also matters in the final diagnosis. Hence it is important to differentiate a benign swelling from a malignant swelling at the earliest. 2

scholarly journals The value of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of epidermal cyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (e) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Samia Mrabat ◽  
Zakia Douhi ◽  
Chaymae Jroundi
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Epithelial Cyst ◽  
Skin Tumour ◽  
The Face ◽  
Slow Growing

Epidermal cyst also called epithelial cyst is a very common benign skin tumour. They can appear anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, neck and trunk. They are slow growing and often painless. It is usually easy to diagnose. Sometimes, it can be difficult to make a correct diagnosis for non-typical cases such as multiple, small lesions or those lacking a central comedo-like punctum. We here report the case of an epidermal cyst with no clinically visible punctum in which the dermoscopy was very helpful.

Subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to a dental procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e242300
Author(s):  
Sara Isabel Almeida ◽  
Joana Faustino ◽  
Rui Duarte Armindo ◽  
Vanessa Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Orbital Roof ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Facial Swelling ◽  
The Face ◽  
External Part

Subcutaneous emphysema is a possible but infrequent consequence of dental procedures. We present the case of a 6-year-old healthy boy transferred from a dental clinic immediately after local anaesthesia for tooth extraction, due to sudden orbital and facial swelling. On physical examination, oedema of the left upper eyelid with fine crepitus on palpation and left hemiface oedema with local pain were observed. Ophthalmologic observation was normal. CT scan of the face and orbits documented extensive infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue planes of the left face by air, with extension to the external part of the body of the mandible, retromaxillary fat, masticatory muscle spaces, parapharyngeal space and adjacent to the orbital roof. After completing initial evaluation, the dentist confirmed the use of an air-driven device during local anaesthesia administration. The patient improved with conservative treatment. Early recognition of this condition is essential to provide an adequate clinical assessment with exclusion of possible life-threatening complications.

Great Increase of Numbers of Virus Particles by Irradiating C3H Mouse Mammary Tumors Transplanted into Male Mice

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
P. J. Melnick ◽  
J. W. Cha ◽  
E. Samouhos
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumors ◽  
Transplantable Tumors ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Cobalt Radiation ◽  
Enzyme Changes

Spontaneous mammary tumors in females of a high tumor strain of C3H mice were cut into small fragments that were Implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of males of the same strain, where they grew as transplantable tumors. When about Cm. In diameter daily fractional radiation was begun, applied to the tumors, the rest of the body being shielded by a lead shield. Two groups were treated with 150 and 200 r X-ray dally, of half value layer 0.6mm. copper; a third group was treated with 500 r cobalt radiation dally. The primary purpose was to examine the enzyme changes during radiation, with histochemlcal technics.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Iron Metabolism in the Human Body and Setting its Hygienic Limits for Drinking Water. Review. Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
N. V. Kanatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Labile Iron Pool

Iron is an assential element for the growth, division, differentiation and functioning of any cell in the body. Iron is virtually important for human and danger at the same time, because with excessive accumulation it causes oxidative stress with formation of highly active oxygen radicals and reactive form of nitrogen that can destroy cell membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, reduce cell viability, with, according to modern concepts, can contribute to the development of many diseases (cardiovascular, rheumatic, gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative, oncological, metabolic and others), and also accelerate the aging process. Part 1 of this review discussed the issues of iron metabolism in human, including its regulation at the cellular and systemic levels, the intake, transport, use, accumulation and export of iron in cells, the role of the labile iron pool in the cytoplasm of cells and plasma non-transferrin bound iron. Data are provided on the causes, frequency and significance of iron overload in the formation of free radicals and the development of oxidative stress. Part 2 of the review provides information on diseases associated with iron overload as well as information on ferroptosis - a new type of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Attention is paid to the works of domestic authors, where it was found that prolonged use of drinking water with a high iron content is unfavorable for the population and leads to an increase in the overall incidence, the development of the diseases of the blood, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, digestive system, urogenital system, and allergic diseases. Separate publications are cited on the possibility of a negative effect of iron at concentrations in water of 0.3 mg/l and lower. The material of the review emphasizes the preventive significance of caution attitude to regulating iron in the water in the Russian Federation, where 1/3 of the population uses iron-containing water for drinking, and substantiate the feasibility of establishing a hygienic limit for iron in water not higher than 0.3 mg/l.

A Comprehensive Review on Nanotechnology-Based Innovations in Topical Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. 5720-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Singh Lalotra ◽  
Vishesh Singh ◽  
Bharat Khurana ◽  
Shelly Agrawal ◽  
Shubham Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Carrier Systems

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body and helps to regulate several physiological functions. It acts as a barrier that protects the body against UV-radiation, toxic substances, infections, etc. The abnormal growth of the skin cells is called skin cancer. Different types of skin cancer can be classified as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC); which mainly occur due to chronic exposure to UV- sunlight and pollution. Methods: The conventional topical treatments of skin cancer such as cream, gel, ointment, etc., are more occlusive and thus they do not penetrate deep into the skin (dermal layer) and remain at the upper part of the skin (epidermal layer). The stratum corneum acts as a physiological barrier for the drug-loaded in the conventional formulation. The novel carrier systems have the potential to facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the skin (dermal layer) because these have less size and higher flexibility than conventional treatment. Conclusion: In the present review, we have discussed various novel carrier systems being investigated for the topical application of chemotherapeutic agents for efficient skin targeting and better dermatological as well as therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic exposure and toxicity.

scholarly journals Alteration of protein expression and spliceosome pathway activity during Barrett’s carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Stingl ◽  
Angela Bureo Gonzalez ◽  
Coşkun Güzel ◽  
Kai Yi Nadine Phoa ◽  
Michail Doukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micro Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
The Face ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a known precursor lesion and the strongest risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a common and lethal type of cancer. Prediction of risk, the basis for efficient intervention, is commonly solely based on histologic examination. This approach is challenged by problems such as inter-observer variability in the face of the high heterogeneity of dysplastic tissue. Molecular markers might offer an additional way to understand the carcinogenesis and improve the diagnosis—and eventually treatment. In this study, we probed significant proteomic changes during dysplastic progression from BE into EAC. Methods During endoscopic mucosa resection, epithelial and stromal tissue samples were collected by laser capture microdissection from 10 patients with normal BE and 13 patients with high-grade dysplastic/EAC. Samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Expressed proteins were determined by label-free quantitation, and gene set enrichment was used to find differentially expressed pathways. The results were validated by immunohistochemistry for two selected key proteins (MSH6 and XPO5). Results Comparing dysplastic/EAC to non-dysplastic BE, we found in equal volumes of epithelial tissue an overall up-regulation in terms of protein abundance and diversity, and determined a set of 226 differentially expressed proteins. Significantly higher expressions of MSH6 and XPO5 were validated orthogonally and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that disease-related proteomic alterations can be determined by analyzing minute amounts of cell-type-specific collected tissue. Further analysis indicated that alterations of certain pathways associated with carcinogenesis, such as micro-RNA trafficking, DNA damage repair, and spliceosome activity, exist in dysplastic/EAC.

Circadian tuning of motivation. A little organ of yesterday?

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Daan
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Regulatory Principle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Organisation ◽  
The Ideal

The analysis of motivational systems underlying temporal organisation in animal behaviour has relied primarily on two conceptual functional frameworks: Homeostasis and biological clocks. Homeostasis is one of the most general and influential concepts in physiology. Walter Cannon introduced homeostasis as a universal regulatory principle which animals employ to maintain constancy of their ‘internal milieu’ in the face of challenges and perturbations from the external environment. Cannon spoke of “The Wisdom of the Body”, the collective of responses designed to defend the ideal internal state against those perturbations.

Associated change in plantar temperature and sweating after transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jung Chen ◽  
Cheng-Loong Liang ◽  
Kang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Compensatory Sweating ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy is currently the treatment of choice for palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory sweating of the face, trunk, thigh, and sole of the foot was found in more than 50% of patients who underwent this procedure. The authors conducted this study to investigate the associated intraoperative changes in plantar skin temperature and postoperative plantar sweating. Methods. One hundred patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent bilateral transthoracic endoscopic T2–3 sympathectomy. There were 60 female and 40 male patients who ranged in age from 13 to 40 years (mean age 21.6 years). Characteristics studied included changes in palmar and plantar skin temperature measured intraoperatively, as well as pre- and postoperative changes in plantar sweating and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs). In 59 patients (59%) elevation of plantar temperature was demonstrated at the end of the surgical procedure. In this group, plantar sweating was found to be exacerbated in three patients (5%); plantar sweating was improved in 52 patients (88.1%); and no change was demonstrated in four patients (6.8%). In the other group of patients in whom no temperature change occurred, increased plantar sweating was demonstrated in three patients (7.3%); plantar sweating was improved in 20 patients (48.8%); and no change was shown in 18 patients (43.9%). The difference between temperature and sweating change was significant (p = 0.001). Compared with the presympathectomy rate, the rate of absent SSR also significantly increased after sympathectomy: from 20 to 76% after electrical stimulation and 36 to 64% after deep inspiration stimulation, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In contrast to compensatory sweating in other parts of the body after T2–3 sympathetomy, improvement in plantar sweating was shown in 72% and worsened symptoms in 6% of patients. The intraoperative plantar skin temperature change and perioperative SSR demonstrated a correlation between these changes.

Multivariate Analysis in Genetic Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Susanne
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biometrical Analysis ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Generalized Distances ◽  
Sib Pairs

SummaryThe results are presented of a method of generalized distances calculated by a noncentral χ2 test and applied to compare 63 twin pairs and 196 sib pairs. The advantage of this method in biometrical analysis lies in the fact that several measurements can be utilised simultaneously. Besides, it takes into account the distance of each relative to the centre of the population and also has the advantage of permitting the comparison of distances between pairs of relatives whatever their age or sex.Generalized distances were calculated for four measurements of the head, five of the body and eleven of the face. For all three sets of measurements the influence of genetical factors was demonstrated. The body seems less influenced by environmental factors and more conditioned by genetic ones.

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