scholarly journals Congenital Giant Simple Symptomatic Renal Cyst in a Child - Rare Pathology - Ultrasonography and CT Evaluation - A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 2362-2364
Author(s):  
Shivesh Pandey ◽  
SureshVasant Phatak ◽  
Pratik Bhansali ◽  
Nishant Raj ◽  
Bhavik Unadkat
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cyst ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
Calyceal Diverticula ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Simple renal cyst (SRC) is uncommon paediatric pathology. It's spherical, round to oval. Perceptible wall, anechoic, without septa, and cyst is separated from the collecting system, and the cyst has no colour Doppler flow. They may be as small as a pea or as large as a golf ball. Simple renal cysts are filled with serous fluid and have a simple epithelial covering. They are less common in children with incidences of less than 0.5 percent, while adults have incidence of more than 10 %, and more than 30 % in adults aged 70 and older. The exact mechanism by which renal cysts form is unknown. There are a few theories of how the disease develops. The causative factor, according to one hypothesis, is a focal ischemia in a renal tubule that causes localised obstruction. According to another hypothesis, renal cysts are caused by calyceal diverticula that have lost contact with the adjacent calyx.1 Because of the increased use of ultrasound screening (USS), more children are being diagnosed with renal cysts. Asymptomatic and symptomatic cysts (abdominal pain, hematuria, etc.) are distinguished, but mostly asymptomatic cysts develop slowly, though complications such as bleeding, infection, or rupture may occur, particularly in younger children.2 Chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease, malignant transformation, and symptomatic enlargement have all been identified in paediatric patients with renal cysts. The vast majority of renal cysts, fortunately, do not develop and remain largely unchanged over time. In cases of asymptomatic simple renal cysts in infants, a conservative management approach is used. Recent research supports the use of an ultrasound-based (US) adapted Bosniak classification system to classify renal cysts in children. This would result in lower rates of surgical treatments for benign lesions, as well as less ionising radiation from needless computed tomography (CT) scans. It would also mean less extended monitoring and associated morbidity.

scholarly journals Endothelin-1 Level in Patients with Simple Renal Cyst

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Çalişkan ◽  
Mustafa Sungur ◽  
Bariş Eser ◽  
Mustafa Kanbay ◽  
Hüseyin Kocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cyst ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Simple Renal Cyst ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is potent vasoconstrictive peptide and elevated ET-1 levels are associated with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Research on (ET-1) has demonstrated that elevated ET-1 levels in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease leads to systemic hypertension. The prevalence of simple renal cysts increases with age and the association with simple renal cyst and hypertension is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ET-1 levels in patients with simple renal cyst and compare them with those in healthy adults. Materials and methods: The study included patients that underwent laparoscopic renal cyst decortication in the Department of Urology and healthy controls. Serum and urinary ET-1 levels were measured before surgery and one month after it in the patients with simple renal cyst. Serum ET-1 levels were measured in healthy adult patients. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured in all patients. Glomerular filtration rate was measured according to the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration formula. Results: Thirty-two patients were included in the present study. Of these, 16 patients with simple renal cyst were allocated into group 1 and 16 healthy patients - in group 2. There was no significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups (p=0.820 and p=0.618, respectively). Serum EL-1 levels were significantly lower in group 1 than those in group 2 (p=0.036). Interestingly, serum EL-1 levels were increased after laparoscopic cyst decortication and there was no significant difference with healthy patients (p=0.429). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that serum EL-1 level in patients with simple renal cyst was lower than that in healthy people. Further studies are needed to investigate the EL-1 levels in simple renal cyst patients.

Phthalate Esters, Cystic Kidney Disease in Animals and Possible Effects on Human Health: A Review

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Cystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferators ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Route Of Exposure

1 Phthalate esters are known to cause hepatic peroxisome proliferation in rodents and, after prolonged administration, hepatocarcinogenesis. Peroxisome proliferators as a group are hepatocarcinogenic. The mechanism is not known but it does not appear to involve a direct genotoxic element. 2 DEHP and DBP have been shown to cause renal cysts in rodents and they also produce renal peroxisome proliferation. There are no data to causally link the two phenomena. 3 Although renal cysts have been noted in haemodialysis patients and haemodialysis is a route of exposure to DEHP, there are no data to suggest a cause and effect relationship. 4 More studies are needed on the mechanism of renal cystogenesis.

scholarly journals Parenchymal mucinous cystadenoma of the kidney: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoudreza Kalantari ◽  
Shakiba Kalantari ◽  
Mahdi Mottaghi ◽  
Atena Aghaee ◽  
Salman Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cyst ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Mucinous Cystadenoma ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Mucinous cystadenoma (MC) of the kidney is exceedingly rare. We found 22 similar cases in the literature. These masses are underdiagnosed due to radiologic similarities with simple renal cysts. Case presentation A 66-year-old man with a previous history of hypertension and anxiety was referred to our tertiary clinic with left flank pain. Ultrasound revealed a 60 mm-sized, complex cystic mass with irregular septa in the lower pole of the left kidney (different from last year's sonographic findings of a simple benign cyst with delicate septa). CT scan showed the same results plus calcification. Due to suspected renal cell carcinoma, a radical nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative histopathologic examination revealed a cyst lined by a single layer of columnar mucin-producing cells with small foci of pseudo-stratification, consistent with the MC’s diagnosis. The first follow-up visit showed normal blood pressure without medication and no flank pain and anxiety after a month. Conclusion It is quite challenging to distinguish the primary MC of the kidney from a simple renal cyst based on clinical and imaging findings. The radiologic features of these entities overlap significantly. Thus, complex renal cyst and renal cysts with mural nodules should be followed closely to detect malignancy earlier.

scholarly journals Signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6) inhibition suppresses renal cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (44) ◽  
pp. 18067-18072 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Olsan ◽  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
B. Wulkersdorfer ◽  
J. M. Shillingford ◽  
A. J. Giovannone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cyst ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Cyst Growth

scholarly journals New PAX2 Mutation Associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955652199235
Author(s):  
Jessica Maria Forero-Delgadillo ◽  
Vanessa Ochoa ◽  
Natalia Duque ◽  
Jaime Manuel Restrepo ◽  
Hernando Londoño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Cystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading cause of end stage renal disease in children. Diagnosis by genetic testing has proven challenging due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, as well as incomplete penetrance. We report a case on a 16-months old female with a history of renal cysts and a PAX2 mutation. Case presentation: The patient presented with a prenatal diagnosis of Potter sequence and a postnatal diagnosis of renal cysts. An ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation revealed right renal agenesis and possible left renal dysplasia. Post natal genetic analyses identified a novel mutation in PAX2. Conclusion: Cystic kidney disease is often underdiagnosed due to its variable expressivity and wide range of clinical manifestations; PAX2 genetic screening should be considered for all patients with CAKUT.

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