Innovative Technique for the Closure of Rectovaginal Fistula Using Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 2225-2227
Author(s):  
Omer Alabaz ◽  
Ugur Topal
Keyword(s):  
Rectovaginal Fistula ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Surgical Flaps ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
First Results ◽  
Standardized Treatment ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Tissue Flaps

Rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) result from an abnormal epithelial connection between the vagina and the rectum, allowing the intestinal contents to pass through the vagina.1 Patients may clinically present with vaginal faeces or gas discharge in addition to inflammation in the pelvic cavity, which may lead to severe infection and poor quality of life.2 RVF is seen in women who previously received treatment for a malignant disease in the pelvic region. The malignancies in the pelvic area are often treated with radiotherapy. This treatment results in tissue damage and poor healing.3 Management of postoperative RVF is difficult and the results are often unsatisfactory. Currently there is no widely accepted and standardized treatment for RVF.3, 4 In the treatment of RVF, various surgical flaps (endorectal or vaginal), vascular tissue flaps (Martius, gracilis), grafts or biomaterials have been used.3,5,6 This case shows the first results using the Amplatzer™ Septal Occluder for the closure of rectovaginal fistula.

Towards the concept of hydrodynamic cavitation control

1997 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 377-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiman Chatterjee ◽  
Vijay H. Arakeri
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Field ◽  
Bubble Dynamics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Cavitation Phenomenon ◽  
Bubble Cavitation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Hydrodynamic Field ◽  
Pass Through

A careful study of the existing literature available in the field of cavitation reveals the potential of ultrasonics as a tool for controlling and, if possible, eliminating certain types of hydrodynamic cavitation through the manipulation of nuclei size present in a flow. A glass venturi is taken to be an ideal device to study the cavitation phenomenon at its throat and its potential control. A piezoelectric transducer, driven at the crystal resonant frequency, is used to generate an acoustic pressure field and is termed an ‘ultrasonic nuclei manipulator (UNM)'. Electrolysis bubbles serve as artificial nuclei to produce travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat in the absence of a UNM but this cavitation is completely eliminated when a UNM is operative. This is made possible because the nuclei, which pass through the acoustic field first, cavitate, collapse violently and perhaps fragment and go into dissolution before reaching the venturi throat. Thus, the potential nuclei for travelling bubble cavitation at the venturi throat seem to be systematically destroyed through acoustic cavitation near the UNM. From the solution to the bubble dynamics equation, it has been shown that the potential energy of a bubble at its maximum radius due to an acoustic field is negligible compared to that for the hydrodynamic field. Hence, even though the control of hydrodynamic macro cavitation achieved in this way is at the expense of acoustic micro cavitation, it can still be considered to be a significant gain. These are some of the first results in this direction.

The Experience, Prerequisites, and the Barriers in Organizing a Specialized Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eglė Palevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Gumbienė ◽  
Elena Jurevičienė ◽  
Toma Šimbelytė ◽  
Ieva Laucevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Team Members ◽  
First Results ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Rehabilitation Facilities

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive disease, associated with reduced exercise capacity and poor quality of life. Although scientific evidence supports the incorporation of specialized training in the treatment of PH, it is only available in a few countries. <b><i>Objectives and Methods:</i></b> This article aims to share the experience of implementing a PH rehabilitation program, to summarize the barriers and prerequisites for launching this service, and to assess its early effect. We retrospectively analyzed our pathway in organizing this program, by singling out essential steps. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The preparation phase took about 14 months. Establishing and running of a PH rehabilitation program required dedicated rehabilitation specialists to join the multidisciplinary PH expert team. Team members needed to gain special knowledge on exercise training in severely compromised patients; thus, supervision and education by experienced consultants was crucial. The main eligibility criteria for patients were stable status, optimal medical treatment, and motivation to undergo the training. The first results evaluating the effect of a specialized PH training program in 9 patients are promising. Seven of them improved their functional capacity over the period of 15 weeks. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Despite a number of challenges and barriers, the implementation of a specialized rehabilitation program should be encouraged in a few dedicated PH expert centers per country, who are capable to fulfill all prerequisites and organizational aspects. Local PH experts, supervision by an experienced center, in-patient rehabilitation facilities, dedicated personnel, equipment, and patient motivation are essential.

Stability analysis of velocity imaging of 2D multilayered structures through inverse reflected rays

Geophysics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. U13-U20
Author(s):  
Tan K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Normal Fault ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Transcendental Equation ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Reflection Point ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
Velocity Imaging ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
Pass Through

Inverse reflected rays are used to image velocities and interfaces in 2D multilayered media. Their direction cosines are specified from the receiver and the source, related respectively to the traveltime gradients of the common-source and common-receiver gathers. Based on the geometry of an inverse ray through the lowest layer, the velocity near the reflection point is derived from either an exact solution or a transcendental equation. For the transcendental equation, the velocity bounds and the imaging stability depend on the interface dips, and the incident angles upon the interface above the reflection point. The velocity imaging is stable or quasi-stable when the reflection point is located between the intersections of the inverse rays and the upper interface. Application of the technique to a discontinuous normal fault and a forearc basin show that most of the velocity imaging is stable. However, if the inverse reflected rays pass through steep interfaces, the fault plane or highly inhomogeneous media, the imaging is usually unstable because multivalued and incorrect velocities are generated. I conclude that the method is fast and capable of imaging seismic sections with poor quality when compared with prestack depth migration and reflection tomography.

scholarly journals First results from HAWC: monitoring the TeV gamma-ray sky

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S313) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lauer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
Extragalactic Jets ◽  
First Results ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Sierra Negra Volcano

AbstractThe High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a wide-field gamma-ray detector sensitive to primary energies between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. The array is being built at an altitude of 4100 m a.s.l. on the Sierra Negra volcano near Puebla, Mexico. Data taking has already started while construction continues, with the completion projected for early 2015. The design is optimized to detect extended air showers induced by gamma rays that pass through the array and to reconstruct the directions and energies of the primary photons. With a duty cycle close to 100% and a daily coverage of ~8 sr of the sky, HAWC will perform a survey of TeV emissions from many different sources. The northern active galactic nuclei will be monitored for up to 6 hours each day, providing unprecedented light curve coverage at energies comparable to those of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. HAWC has been in scientific operation with more than 100 detector modules since August 2013. Here we present a preliminary look at the first results and discuss the efforts to integrate HAWC in multi-wavelength studies of extragalactic jets.

scholarly journals Rare case of rectovaginal fistula in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Indrani Roy ◽  
Nithya Shekar ◽  
Pran Singh Pujari
Keyword(s):  
Rectovaginal Fistula ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Anorectal Angle ◽  
Sphincter Defect ◽  
Internal Fistula ◽  
Martius Flap ◽  
Perineal Region ◽  
Pass Through

Rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal epithelial lined connection between the rectum and the vagina. The term anovaginal fistula may also be used when the internal fistula opening is found below the anorectal angle. Bowel contents leak through the fistula, allowing gas or stool to pass through the vagina. It may be congenital or acquired. Congenitally these are the anorectal malformations which affect the females when present since birth. Here, we have discussed the cases of adult rectovaginal fistula which the women had developed after vaginal delivery, the obstetric fistula. Patient presented with passage of stool from the vagina after the delivery. They were examined, assessed was successfully treated in our institution. Depending on the site of fistula formation, decision is taken for surgical approach and various techniques. Here the well-known Martius flap, which is based on bulbocavernosa muscle and pudendal artery has been used in both the cases. This flap is best used to repair fistula in the perineal region when there is no underlying sphincter defect.

Discussion of the Oblique Rotator Model Cases Of 108 Aqr and x Serp.

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 577-588
Author(s):  
C. Mégessier ◽  
V. Khokhlova ◽  
T. Ryabchikova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
First Results

My talk will be on the oblique rotator model which was first proposed by Stibbs (1950), and since received success and further developments. I shall present two different attempts at describing a star according to this model and the first results obtained in the framework of a Russian-French collaboration in order to test the precision of the two methods. The aim is to give the best possible representation of the element distributions on the Ap stellar surfaces. The first method is the mathematical formulation proposed by Deutsch (1958-1970) and applied by Deutsch (1958) to HD 125248, by Pyper (1969) to α2CVn and by Mégessier (1975) to 108 Aqr. The other one was proposed by Khokhlova (1974) and used by her group.

Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Convection Zone ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stellar Envelopes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence And Diffusion ◽  
Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

Instrumentation for detecting channelling radiation in the high-voltage electron microscope

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
J. H. Butler ◽  
C. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Laboratory Frame ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Dipole Emission ◽  
Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Incident Beam Energy ◽  
Increasing Function

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when fast (relativistic) electrons pass through crystal targets which are oriented in a preferential (channelling) direction with respect to the incident beam. In the classical sense, the electrons perform sinusoidal oscillations as they propagate through the crystal (as illustrated in Fig. 1 for the case of planar channelling). When viewed in the electron rest frame, this motion, a result of successive Bragg reflections, gives rise to familiar dipole emission. In the laboratory frame, the radiation is seen to be of a higher energy (because of the Doppler shift) and is also compressed into a narrower cone of emission (due to the relativistic “searchlight” effect). The energy and yield of this monochromatic light is a continuously increasing function of the incident beam energy and, for beam energies of 1 MeV and higher, it occurs in the x-ray and γ-ray regions of the spectrum. Consequently, much interest has been expressed in regard to the use of this phenomenon as the basis for fabricating a coherent, tunable radiation source.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

A New High Intensity Grid Cap for RCA-EMU-3 Electron Microscopes

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
George Christov ◽  
Bolivar J. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Tungsten Filament ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Ground Potential

A new high intensity grid cap has been designed for the RCA-EMU-3 electron microscope. Various parameters of the new grid cap were investigated to determine its characteristics. The increase in illumination produced provides ease of focusing on the fluorescent screen at magnifications from 1500 to 50,000 times using an accelerating voltage of 50 KV.The EMU-3 type electron gun assembly consists of a V-shaped tungsten filament for a cathode with a thin metal threaded cathode shield and an anode with a central aperture to permit the beam to course the length of the column. The cathode shield is negatively biased at a potential of several hundred volts with respect to the filament. The electron beam is formed by electrons emitted from the tip of the filament which pass through an aperture of 0.1 inch diameter in the cap and then it is accelerated by the negative high voltage through a 0.625 inch diameter aperture in the anode which is at ground potential.

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