scholarly journals Correlation between Motor Strategies of Balance Control and Causes of Fall in Post-Operative Elderly Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 1469-1473
Author(s):  
Ishan Vivekanand Phatak ◽  
Sujit Ramesh Chavan ◽  
Sandeep Babasaheb Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Motor Strategies

BACKGROUND Falls are very much common in elderly. Fall in geriatric population is one of the common reasons for hospitalization, which may put financial burden on the patient and family. Fall in geriatric population many a times causes fracture and it may lead to serious complications which can threaten life. It may lead to disability and patient may become a handicap. In our study, we identified the correlation between motor strategies of balance control and causes of fall in post-operative elderly individuals. METHODS In this observational study, a total of 100 post-operative elderly individuals who had a fall and who underwent surgery for fracture correction were included. Both males and females in age group of 60 years and above were included. Outcome measures used were balance tests, manual muscle tests and goniometry. RESULTS 28 % individuals had fall due to low level of motor control at ankle joint and 40 % individuals at hip joint. In 16 % of individuals reaching strategy was affected. Suspensory strategy was affected in 10 % of individuals while stepping strategy was affected in 6 % of elderly. Elderly had fall due to weak musculature at hip joint (35 %), knee joint (15 %), ankle joint (30 %) and spine (25 %) irrespective of the individual’s gender. CONCLUSIONS Impairment in motor strategies of balance control such as, hip strategy, stepping strategy, reaching strategy, suspensory strategy, ankle strategy leads to fall in elderly. On the basis of assessment of manual muscle testing (MMT), range of motion and motor strategies of balance control, we concluded that impairment in motor strategies of balance, and reduced joint range of motion lead to falls. KEY WORDS Motor Strategies for Balance Control, Balance Tests, Manual Muscle Testing, Range of Motion

scholarly journals PENGARUH RANGE OF MOTION (ROM) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEKUATAN OTOT PADA PASIEN STROKE DI RUANG PERAWATAN RSUD POLEWALI MANDAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Muh Syikir
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Quasi Experiment

Hasil-hasil studi dibidang neurologimenyatakan bahwa  stroke merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu diberbagai rumah sakit di tanah air (Batticaca, 2012). Menurut taksiran WHO, sebanyak 20,5juta jiwa di dunia sudah terjangkit stroke tahun 2015. Dari jumlah tersebut 5,5 jutajiwa telah meninggal dunia.Sebesar80%pasienstroke mengalami kelemahan pada salah satu sisi tubuhnya/hemiparese(Ariani,  2012). Kelemahantanganmaupunkakipada pasien stroke akanmempengaruhikontraksiotot, sehingga salah satuprogram rehabilitasi  yang   dapat  diberikan  pada pasien strokeyaitumobilisasipersendian dengan latihan range of motion (Potter and Perry, 2010).Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh ROM terhadap peningkatan fungsikekuatan  otot pada pasien stroke  di Ruang Perawatan RSUDPolewali Mandar. Metode Penelitian, yang digunakan adalah metode Quasi Experiment dengan menggunakan rancangan eksperimen Equivalent group (randomized pretest-posttest with control group). Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 10 psien stroke dengan hemiparases 5 kelompok intervensi dan 5 kelompok kontrol, yang mana tekhnik pengambilan sampel secara tehnik accidental sampling yaitu peneliti mengumpulkan data dari subyek yang ditemuinya saat itu dan dalam jumlah secukupnya, dimana Alat Ukur yang digunakan ialah Lembar Observasi dengan Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Yang mana dianalisis menggunakanuji paired sample test berpasangan dengan tingkat signifikansi  α = 0,05. Hasil Penelitian, uji statistik didapatkan bahwa kelompok intervensi (P = 0,000) mempunyai pengaruh pemberian ROM dalam peningkatan kekuatan otot dan kelompok kontrol (P = 0,178) tidak mempunyai pengaruh. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan pemberian latihan ROM, akan mempengaruhi kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke dengan hemiparases. Sehingga sangat di harapkan agar tenaga kesehatan khususnya perawat dapat lebih intensif memebrikan ROM pada pasien stroke dengan hemiparases

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ANKLE JOINT TAPING COMBINED WITH FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR THE CORRECTION OF POST STROKE FOOT DROP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Amna Aamir Khan ◽  
Hassan Abbas ◽  
Rabbia Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Maria Salman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE Post stroke foot is inability to lift foot at ankle joint due to paralysis of ankle dorsiflexor muscles. It is a common problem faced by stroke survivors. To determine the effect of ankle joint taping combined with functional electrical stimulation on post stroke foot drop. METHODS It was an experimental study. 10 stroke patients with foot drop were enlisted for the study by convenience sampling and randomized into two groups. The group A or treatment group (n-5) received kinesiotaping of ankle joint and functional electrical stimulation while group B or control group (n-5) received functional electrical stimulation only. Clinical assessment was done before and after study. Outcome measures were Manual Muscle Testing, active ankle dorsiflexion and time up and go test. RESULTS Improvement was recorded in both kinesiotaping of ankle joint with functional electrical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation groups for MMT and active range of ankle dorsiflexion and there was no significant improvement in time up and go test. But statistically non-significant difference between both groups is observed (Z=-2.000, p=0.46). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there is no clear benefit of ankle joint taping combined with functional electrical stimulation for correction of post stroke foot drop. Keywords: Foot Drop, Functional Electrical Stimulation, Ankle Joint Taping, Kinesiotaping, Dorsiflexion, Manual Muscle Testing

scholarly journals Visual Observation of Apparent Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy in Male Professional Tennis Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 232596712095883
Author(s):  
Todd S. Ellenbecker ◽  
David M. Dines ◽  
Per A. Renstrom ◽  
Gary S. Windler
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Professional Tennis ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Infraspinatus Atrophy

Background: Previous studies have reported visually observed apparent muscle atrophy in the infraspinous fossa of the dominant arm of overhead athletes. Several mechanisms have been proposed as etiological factors, including eccentric overload, compressive spinoglenoid notch paralabral cysts, and cumulative tensile suprascapular neurapraxia. Purpose: To report the prevalence of apparent infraspinatus atrophy in male professional tennis players and to determine whether the suspected atrophy correlates with objectively measured weakness of external rotation. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 153 male professional tennis players underwent a musculoskeletal screening examination that included visual inspection of the infraspinous fossa. Infraspinatus atrophy was defined as hollowing or loss of soft tissue bulk inferior to the scapular spine in the infraspinous fossa of one extremity that was visibly different from the contralateral extremity. This finding was observed and independently agreed upon by both an orthopaedic surgeon and a physical therapist during the examination. Also assessed were rotator cuff instrument-assisted manual muscle testing, visual observation of scapular kinesis (or motion), and glenohumeral joint range of motion for internal and external rotation and horizontal adduction. Results: In the 153 players, dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy was observed in 92 players (60.1%), and only 1 player (0.7%) was identified with nondominant infraspinatus atrophy. A Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between the presence of dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy and dominant-arm external rotation strength measured in neutral abduction/adduction (at the side) ( P = .001) as well as between the presence of dominant-arm infraspinatus atrophy and bilateral external rotation strength measured at 90° of glenohumeral joint abduction ( P = .009 for dominant arm and .002 for nondominant arm). No significant correlation was found with scapular dyskinesis, glenohumeral range of motion, or instrument-assisted manual muscle testing of the supraspinatus (empty-can test). Conclusion: Visually observed infraspinatus muscle atrophy is a common finding in the dominant shoulder of asymptomatic male professional tennis players and is significantly correlated with external rotation weakness. This condition is present in uninjured players without known shoulder pathology and is not related to glenohumeral joint internal rotation, total rotation range of motion, or scapular dysfunction. Players with visually observed infraspinatus atrophy should be evaluated for external rotation strength and may require preventive strengthening.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Percussive Massage versus Calf Stretching on Pain, Range of Motion, Muscle Strength and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis – A Research Protocol

2021 ◽  
pp. 532-539
Author(s):  
Madhu Lakhwani ◽  
Pratik Phansopkar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Home Exercise ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Calf Muscles

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis occurs with the deterioration of the plantar fascia and related surrounding tissues around the heel's medial calcaneal tuberosity. This illness usually causes tightness in the calf muscles. These tight muscles are thought to interfere with the normal biomechanics of ambulation. The invention of percussion massage guns intends to improve the usefulness and efficiency of self-myofascial release, following in the footsteps of vibrating foam rollers. Since there is limited research on muscle gun devices, despite their growing popularity, this study will look into their effects on range of motion, essential physiological or biomechanical factors that contribute to the disease, and their capacity to reduce muscular tightness. Methodology: Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis (n = 48) will be recruited for a single-blind RCT. Participants will be assigned randomly to the experimental or control groups with a one-to-one allocation ratio. Participants in Group A will receive treatment via Theragun, Hot/cold immersion therapy, and a home exercise regimen during a one-week period immediately following baseline evaluations and randomization. Participants in GROUP B would only be subjected to Calf Stretching, a Contrast Bath, and a home exercise regimen. For a week, the calf muscles were treated for 5 minutes every day (7 sessions in all). As 1 week is completed, the efficacy of the approach for both groups is assessed using ankle flexibility tests, VAS, universal goniometers, Active Manual muscle testing, and the (PFPS) as outcome measures. Discussion: The purpose of this study is to compare the benefits of the Hypervolt device vs calf stretching in individuals with plantar fasciitis. The outcomes of the study, which may include a newly designed rehabilitation technique, may assist patients experiencing Plantar +-Fasciitis. Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn based on the effect of both the techniques on Pain, Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis.

scholarly journals Restoration of Elbow Flexion for Upper Trunk Brachial Plexus Injuries: Evaluation of Nerve Transfers and Modified Steindler Flexorplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Precious Grace B. Handog ◽  
Tristram D. Montales ◽  
Emmanuel P. Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Surgical Delay ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Muscle Testing

Introduction. In patients with delayed presentation between 6 to 12 months, surgical treatment guidelines are not well defined in brachial plexus injury. Still, several authors have agreed that functional outcomes in patients treated within six months from the date of injury have the best results. Nerve transfers are still considered one of the treatment options in the said subset of patients even after six months. In contrast, a primary Steindler flexorplasty, or proximal advancement of the flexor-pronator group, is an ideal technique for elbow flexion with an elapsed time from injury >6 to 9 months. Objective. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the clinical outcome s of nerve transfers versus modified Steindler flexorplasty for the restoration of elbow flexion in upper type brachial plexus injuries (BPI). Methods. A retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent nerve transfers (NT) and 12 patients who underwent modified Steindler flexorplasty (MSF) was done to determine the outcome of treatments. The manual muscle testing using the Medical Research Council scaling system, Visual Analog Scale for pain, active range of motion, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand form scores were taken as dependent variables. Results. The NT group had a median age of 27.5 years, with 26 men, a median surgical delay of 5.6 months, and a median follow-up of 33 months. Twenty out of 28 patients (71%) had ≥M3 with a median range of 117.6° elbow flexion motion. Median postoperative DASH (n=16) and VAS scores were 29.2 and 3, respectively. For the MSF patients, the median age was 27 years, including ten men, the median surgical delay was 12 months, and the median follow-up was 18.4 months. All the 12 patients had ≥M3, with a median range of motion of 106°. The median postoperative DASH score (n=5) and VAS score were 28.3 and 0, respectively. In the NT group, 73.3% (11/15) achieved ≥M3 elbow flexion if the operation was done in <6 months. Conclusion. Nerve transfers and the modified Steindler procedure are still excellent options for successful elbow flexion reanimation in patients with brachial plexus injuries. Our results also showed that those with surgical delays of less than six months had the highest rate of achieving ≥M3 elbow flexion strength in the nerve transfer group.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Latihan Range Of Motion (ROM) Menggenggam Bola Terhadap Kekuatan Otot Ekstremitas Atas Pasien Stroke Iskemik

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Hendri Budi ◽  
Netti Netti ◽  
Yossi Suryarinilsih
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Muscle Testing

Stroke causes motor hemiparise disorders or weakness. Nursing intervention to overcome this is by doing range of motion (ROM) exercises grasping the ball. The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of ROM-grasping ball exercises on the strength of limb muscles for ischemic stroke patients. Quasi-experimental research type, one group pre-post test design. Research in the Neuro Ward Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. The time of the research is October to December 2017. The intervention is ROM gripping ball exercises, namely rubber balls for 3 days followed by tennis balls for 2 days. Hold the ball firmly for 5 seconds then relax 10 seconds, practice repeated 10 times, frequency 3 times a day. The study population were all stroke patients in the Neuro Ward Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. A sample of 10 people was obtained by purposive sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection by measurement of muscle strength using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Data were computerized, analyzed by descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test. The results of the study showed differences in upper limb muscle strength before and after the ROM exercise held the ball on the patient's shoulder (p value = 0.004), on the elbow of the patient (p value = 0.000), on the patient's hand (p value = 0.000), and on the patient's finger (p value = 0.000). It is recommended to nurses to implement the practice of grasping the ball to increase muscle strength of ischemic stroke patients and make it as a procedure for nursing intervention to patients to muscle strength.      

scholarly journals Do Novice Runners Show Greater Changes in Biomechanical Parameters?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wenjing Quan ◽  
Feng Ren ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Yuhuan He
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Maximum Extension ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

Purpose. Examining and understanding the biomechanics of novice runners and experienced runners can further improve our knowledge within the field of running mechanics and running injuries. The purpose of this study was to classify the differences in lower limb biomechanics during a 3.3 m/s running task among both experienced runners and novice runners. Method. Twenty-four participants (12 experienced runners and 12 novice runners) ran at 3.3 m/s across a force plate; kinematics and kinetics data were collected by the Vicon motion system and Kistler force plate. Group comparisons were made using an independent samples t -test to identify differences in the impact peak, loading rate, contact time, ankle, knee, and hip joint kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase. Results. No significant differences were observed between novice and experienced runners for both ankle and knee joint kinetics except that the ankle joint plantar flexion torque was significantly greater in the novice runners. However, the plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, range of motion (ROM), plantar flexion torque, and max angular velocity of ankle joint significantly increased in novice runners than inexperienced runners. Additionally, the flexion angle and range of motion of the hip joint were observed to be larger in the novice runners. Moreover, the maximum extension torque and the maximum extension power in the hip joint were significantly increased in the experienced runners. There were no significant differences in the first peak, contact time, and average vertical loading rate. Novice runners showed a larger vertical instantaneous loading rate than experienced runners. Conclusion. These preliminary findings indicate that novice runners are prone to running injuries in comparison to experienced runners. Novice runners showed larger kinematics and kinetic parameters in the joint of the ankle and hip. Novice runners should enhance muscle strength in the hip and choose scientific training methods.

scholarly journals Performance of the lower limb musculoskeletal system in patients with different degree of diabetic ulcer risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snježana Novaković Bursać ◽  
Goran Talić ◽  
Nataša Tomić ◽  
Slavica Jandrić
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Diabetic Ulcer ◽  
Muscle Testing

Abstract BackgroundThe objective of the study was to determine the correlation between the biomechanical parameters: ankle and foot muscle strength, range of motion (ROM) at ankle joint (AJ), subtalar joint (SJ) and first metatarsophalangeal joint (I MTP) in patients with different diabetic ulcer risk assessed by IWGDF 2019 Guidance risk stratification system.MethodA cross-sectional study included 100 diabetic patients. The patients were classified into 4 risk categories of development of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) applying IWGDF Guidelines 2019 stratification risk system. The function of ten foot and ankle muscles was evaluated by manual muscle testing and application of the Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS) system. The range of motion ROM at the ankle, subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joint was measured with a goniometer. The risk assessment was done applying IWGDF Guidelines 2019 stratification risk system. To test the statistical significance the ANOVA test was applied.ResultsAverage muscle strength in specified categories was category 0:9.2; category 1:13.9; category 2:13.3; category 3:15.2. Average ROM at AJ in specified categories was: category 0:49.3°; category 1:48.8°; category 2:45.5°; category 3:44.6°. Average ROM at SJ in specified categories was: category 0:37.8°; category 1:31.3°; category 2:35°; category 3:28.7°. Average ROM at I MTP in specified categories was: category 0:78.6°; category 1:74.4°; category 2:65.5°; category 3:57.9°. ConclusionThe risk for DFU significantly correlates with foot muscle strength and ROM at SJ, and I MTP, but does not with ROM at AJ.

Quick Reference: Chapter 3: The Musculoskeletal System and Chapter 4: The Nervous System

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Lower Extremity Weakness ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain in the former. This article, which regards rating sensory and motor deficits of the lower extremities, is continued from the March/April 2000 issue of The Guides Newsletter. Procedures for rating extremity neural deficits are described in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k for the upper extremity and sections 3.2k and 3.2l for the lower limb. Sensory deficits and dysesthesia are both disorders of sensation, but the former can be interpreted to mean diminished or absent sensation (hypesthesia or anesthesia) Dysesthesia implies abnormal sensation in the absence of a stimulus or unpleasant sensation elicited by normal touch. Sections 3.2k and 3.2d indicate that almost all partial motor loss in the lower extremity can be rated using Table 39. In addition, Section 4.4b and Table 21 indicate the multistep method used for spinal and some additional nerves and be used alternatively to rate lower extremity weakness in general. Partial motor loss in the lower extremity is rated by manual muscle testing, which is described in the AMA Guides in Section 3.2d.

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