scholarly journals A Study on Vision Disability Compensation Provided to Students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Alabdulwahhab ◽  
Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Vision Disability

BACKGROUND Visual disability is one of the most significant global health concerns. One of the studies conducted in northern part of Saudi Arabia showed that the prevalence of visual disability in adult population of 23.5 %. Very few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to determine the prevalence of visual disability in the younger population. We wanted to determine the prevalence of visual disability in students studying at Qassim University. We also wanted to study and compare the utilization of compensatory rehabilitation by the students of urban and rural areas and the subjective response of beneficiaries. METHODS This study was done from September 2011 to May 2012, in the Department of Optometry in Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A crosssectional retrospective review from the records of 642 male students referred by the deanship of student’s affairs to the optometry clinic were studied. RESULTS The prevalence of visual disability in this study was found to be 2 %. Out of the total 642 students, a significant number of students [541 (84 %)] benefited from the scheme and 101 (16 %) were declared normal. Those who were declared visually disabled (2 %) were getting compensation on monthly basis and the remaining 82 % with mild to moderate visual problems benefitted with spectacles. More number of urban students were suffering from visual abnormalities (87.6 %) as compared to rural students (45.1 %). CONCLUSIONS Though visual disability among young population at Qassim University was found to be low as compared to adult population is Saudi Arabia, it is recommended to conduct regular check-ups for visual acuity and plan to reduce the magnitude of the problem. A significant number of students utilized the compensation and rehabilitation program provided by the department of optometry. KEY WORDS Refractive Error, Blindness, Student Compensation, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

scholarly journals Comparison between the risks in road safety behaviour in urban and rural areas in Latvia in 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Aija Bukova-Zideluna ◽  
Anita Villerusa ◽  
Iveta Pudule
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Safety Behaviour

The study examined the differences between respondents in urban and rural areas in respect of their self-reported attitudes and behaviour regarding taking risks in road traffic. Data of Health Behaviour among Latvian Adult Population 2016 survey was used for analysis. Results: 83.7% (N=1605) of urban respondents and 86.7% (N = 1456) of rural respondents always used seatbelts in the front seat. Only 55.3% (N = 1605) of urban respondents and 52.1% (N = 875) of rural respondents always used seatbelts in the back seat. Odds to use seatbelts in the front seat were higher for rural population (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05–1.53). Odds to use seatbelts in the back seat were higher for urban population (OR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30). Rural residents agreed more often with suggestion that it is not necessary to fasten the seatbelt on short journeys (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.75) and that it is not necessary to fasten the seatbelt travelling at speed less than 40 km/h (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.56). Rural respondents agreed more often than urban respondents that that driving a car under alcohol influence increases a chance of being involved in an accident (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.10–1.90).

scholarly journals Differences in Health Behavior Profiles of Adolescents in Urban and Rural Areas in a Korean City

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Myungah Chae ◽  
Kihye Han
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
High Level

Through a latent class analysis approach, we can classify individuals and identify subgroups according to health behavior patterns, and find evidence for the development of customized intervention programs to target high-risk groups. Our study aimed to explore differences in latent classes of health behaviors in adolescents by region (urban vs. rural areas) in a Korean city. This cross-sectional secondary analysis utilized data collected from all first graders’ student health checkups in middle school and high school in a city of the largest island in Korea in 2016 (n = 1807). Health behavior indicators included both healthy (consuming breakfast regularly, consuming vegetables daily, consuming milk daily, consuming fast food on a limited basis, engaging in vigorous physical activities, brushing teeth, and practicing hand hygiene) and unhealthy (drinking, smoking, and overusing the internet) behaviors. Nutritional and diet behaviors were important factors for classifying healthy and unhealthy adolescents in both regions. Approximately 11% of rural students belonged to the risky group, which was characterized by a high level of drinking alcohol and smoking. These results suggest that when developing health policies for adolescents, customized policy-making and education based on the targeted groups’ behavioral patterns could be more effective than a uniform approach.

scholarly journals The Production of Economic Knowledge in Urban and Rural Areas: The Role of Student, Teacher, and School Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Butters ◽  
Carlos Asarta ◽  
Eric Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Education Production ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
K 12

Many states are adopting economic education standards for the K-12 curriculum, mandating economic education courses in rural and urban schools. We examine economic education outcomes for rural and urban students using test scores gathered during a national high school academic competition and by estimating a production function for economic education. We find only limited differences between the education production function in urban and rural settings and lower average scores for rural students. To close this gap, results suggest that rural schools should place economic content in the senior-year curriculum and provide teachers with increased postgraduate training in economics.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for bronchial asthma in an urban area of Puducherry: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
L. Anand Arokiaraj ◽  
T.R. Gobinaath
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Food allergy is mostly IgE-mediated which is estimated to affect 6% to 8% children and 3% to 4% adults the clinical and social impact of which takes a hard toll in early childhood. The objective of this study is to study the magnitude of food allergy and differences in food allergens among the urban and rural school-going children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 school going children, aged 5-10 years, attending to two private schools (n=192) and two government schools (n=158) in the urban and rural field practice areas respectively and data regarding food allergens was collected using a semi-structured proforma.Results: There was a significant higher (p<0.001) proportion of wheeze symptomatics among the urban (n=70, 44.3%) than the rural students (n=37, 19.3%). The students had higher allergies to Ice-cream (14.57%, n=51), prawn (11.14%, n=39), peanut (14.57%, n=51), garlic (14.57%, n=51), fish (11.14%, n=39) and milk (11.14%, n=39).Conclusions: There was a higher proportion of food allergy among the urban school students compared to the rural students. The food allergens also varied significantly in their influence on food allergy among the urban and rural areas.

egional features of sensibilization of patients with pollinosis in the Republic of North Osaetia Alania

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (30) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Брциева ◽  
Zarina Brtsieva ◽  
Хутиева ◽  
Larisa Khutieva ◽  
Кцоева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Fungal Allergens ◽  
Clinical Survey ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
North Ossetia

The work presents results of a clinical survey of 440 patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The survey oncluded 272 urban residents and 168 rural residents aged 18-65. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in environmentally unfavorable urban areas turned out to be 1.3 times higher in comparison with the conventionally clean rural areas (p &#60;0,05). Predominantly seasonal forms of the disease were revealed among both groups of patients, the prevalence in urban and rural areas amounted to 8.2% and 6.4%, respectively. The main regional etiological factors of pollinosis in the adult population are weed pollen (61.4%), meadow grass (20.9%), fungal allergens – Alternaria, Cladosporium (22.5%). Low appeal ability a hypodiagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis has been detected as a result of the survey ,the diagnostics methods of the pathology should be improved.

scholarly journals Refractive Error among Male Primary School Students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Al Bahhawi ◽  
Anwar M Makeen ◽  
Hadi Hassan Daghreeri ◽  
Mohannad Faisal Tobaigy ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Adawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Refractive error is a common and serious eye disorder that affects more than 153 million people globally. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of refractive error among male primary school children in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected group of 395 students (aged 6-14 years) in Jazan region, Southwest Saudi Arabia. An optometrist and medical students assessed the refraction error using an autorefractor, a Snellen E chart and retinoscopy. Results: The overall prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in either eye was, 22% higher among rural students. The most prevalent refractive error was hyperopia (32.2%) followed by myopic astigmatism (31%) then myopia (17.2%). Next were hyperopic astigmatism (16.1%) and mixed astigmatism (3.5%). The following variables were associated with a higher risk of refractive errors and myopia: living in rural areas, having parents with refractive errors, spending more time on electronic devices and shorter visual distances. Conclusion: Refractive error was highly prevalent among primary school children in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The rural students were more affected by refractive errors, mainly hyperopia. The preschool vision test should be reconsidered, and a periodic vision examination should be applied to detect vision problems as early as possible.

scholarly journals Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Bioefficacy of an Insect Growth Regulator (Dimilin) as a Larvicide against Mosquito and Housefly Larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandala Msangi ◽  
Ester Lyatuu ◽  
Eliningaya J. Kweka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The inhibitory function of Dimilin (Diflubenzuron), mostly a chitin synthesis regulator, on the ecdysis of mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiaes.l.,Culex quinquefasciatus) and housefly was evaluated in the field and in laboratory. Three formulations of Diflubenzuron were evaluated in this study: Dimilin, Wettable powder (25%), Dimilin granules (2%), and Dimilin tablets (2%). The laboratory and field evaluation used different rates of concentrations of these formulations. Generally, at higher dosages larvae developments, eggs hatchability and pupation were impossible. The development of mosquitoes was significantly higher in control while highly depressed in different dosages of treatment in both laboratory and field experiments. In houseflies, the adult population decreased sharply after treatment of their breeding sites while pupae mortality was noticed to be high in laboratory-treated samples. Dimilin could be opted as one of the choice of the larval control chemicals to be incorporated in the integrated vector control programmes in urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in urban and rural areas in Northeast Brazil between 2006 and 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Paula de Souza ◽  
Eduarda Ângela Pessoa Cesse ◽  
Wayner Vieira de Souza ◽  
Annick Fontbonne ◽  
Maria Nelly Sobreira de Carvalho Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control

Abstract: To assess the evolution in prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension for over 10 years in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil, two cross-sectional studies were conducted based on random samples of households in urban and rural areas, in 2006 and 2015/2016, involving adults aged 20 years or older. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of at least 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90mmHg as well as the reported use of antihypertensive medication. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the influence of the social, behavioral and anthropometric determinants on hypertension. Although social and behavioral factors improved in this 10-year period, overweight and abdominal obesity increased. Approximately one third of the adult population of Pernambuco had hypertension in 2006 and this prevalence was maintained in 2015/2016. In rural areas, awareness concerning hypertension rose from 44.8% in 2006 to 67.3% in 2015/2016, and control from 5.3% to 27.1%, so that awareness and control were similar in urban and rural areas in 2015/2016. After an adjustment for potential confounding factors, the likelihood of having hypertension more than doubled among men (OR = 2.03; p < 0.001), middle (OR = 4.41; p < 0.001) and old-age subjects (OR = 14.44; p < 0.001), and those who had abdominal obesity (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001) in urban areas and among middle-aged (OR = 2.56; p < 0.001), less educated individuals (OR = 2.21; p = 0.006) and those who were overweight (OR = 2.23; p < 0.001) in rural areas. Despite the favorable evolution in the management of hypertension in Pernambuco, public health measures focused in vulnerable populations are still required, mainly in rural areas, to improve primary prevention and decrease the disease rate.

Differences in participation rates between urban and rural areas are diminishing in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Tolonen ◽  
Päivikki Koponen ◽  
Katja Borodulin ◽  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Increasing within-country migration from rural to urban areas is setting new challenges for survey organization. For example, the educational level of population in urban and rural areas differ, resulting in differences in health behaviours and health outcomes between areas. Data from the national cross-sectional surveys of the FINRISK Study conducted in Finland in 1997–2012 among the adult population were used. Women living in the capital region were more likely to be survey non-participants than women living in rural areas. The differences between rural and urban areas have diminished over time among men, but not among women. Even though participation rates between different levels of urbanizations are becoming similar, observed differences in population profiles – that is, educational level – between areas may bias survey results unless results are adequately adjusted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document