scholarly journals Lasers in Diagnosis, Interception and Management of White Spot Lesions and Dental Caries - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Payal Sandeep Chaudhari ◽  
Manoj Ghanshyam Chandak ◽  
Kajol Naresh Relan ◽  
Pooja Ghanshyam Chandak ◽  
Chanchal Harikishor Rathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Caries Removal

Despite huge developments in oral health, dental caries still remains a community health issue globally. Dental caries is prevalent worldwide amongst adults and school children; nearly 100 % of the population is affected in most of the countries. Caries harms the outer dental structures, eventually reaching the dental pulp, making the teeth undermined and ultimately compromising functional abilities. It is the major reason for loss of tooth. For the management of carious lesions, the tissues which are decayed should be removed and replaced by dental restorations. Increased potential for causing dental anxiety and uneasiness in many patients has been reported with the usage of routine caries removal systems such as diamond and tungsten carbide rotating burs. Moreover, with the use of high and low rotating speed drills, which is used for complete dentin removal, over excavation of caries (when the deeper dentin layers are involved) may happen eventually leading to increased risk of exposing and damaging the pulp irreversibly. These disadvantages have led to exploration of new alternatives such as stepwise, minimal or no dentinal caries removal procedures that illustrate clinical benefit over comprehensive caries removal in the treatment of dentinal caries. Laser technology has reformed the management of dental caries. Laser has been found to be the latest, most recent, conservative, less traumatic and minimally invasive caries removal procedure. The energy of laser is absorbed which is then transformed to heat, leading to microstructural and chemical alterations in the surface of enamel which is irradiated thereby improving enamel acid resistance. Laser also helps to maintain a dry surrounding that improves the dentist’s vision of the working field thereby resulting in an improved outcome. KEY WORDS Lasers, White Spot Lesions, Dental Caries, Laser Fluorescence, Orthodontic Therapy, Carbon-Dioxide Laser

Effectively Managing Dental Caries: Prevention and Disease Ownership

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Operative Intervention ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Caries Removal

• Better prevention will result in smaller carious lesions being diagnosed at an earlier stage • White spot lesions are amenable to being repaired using biomimetic technologies • Digital technology will improve diagnosis but will also assist practitioners in the monitoring of lesions • When operative intervention is indicated it will be of a minimal nature. Following validation, newer techniques for caries removal will become the norm

A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan AI-Khateeb ◽  
Carl-Magnus Forsberg ◽  
Elbert de Josselin de Jong ◽  
Birgit Angmar-Månsson
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Fluorescence Study ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

scholarly journals A 12-Week Assessment of the Treatment of White Spot Lesions with CPP-ACP Paste and/or Fluoride Varnish

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Aslı Güçlü ◽  
Alev Alaçam ◽  
Nichola Jayne Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This 12-week clinical study evaluated the impact of 10% CPP-ACP and 5% sodium fluoride varnish regimes on the regression of nonorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs). The study included 21 children with 101 WSLs who were randomised into four treatment regimes: weekly clinical applications of fluoride varnish for the first month (FV); twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP); weekly applications of fluoride varnish for the first month and twice daily self-applications of CPP-ACP paste (CPP-ACP-FV); and no intervention (control). All groups undertook a standard oral hygiene protocol and weekly consultation. Visual appraisals and laser fluorescence (LF) measurements were made in weeks one and twelve. The majority of WSLs in the control and FV groups exhibited no shift in appearance, whereas, in the CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP-FV groups, the lesions predominantly regressed. The visual and LF assessments indicated that the extent of remineralisation afforded by the treatments was of the following order: control ~ FV < CPP-ACP ~ CPP-ACP-FV. Self-applications of CPP-ACP paste as an adjunct to standard oral hygiene significantly improved the appearance and remineralisation of WSLs. No advantage was observed for the use of fluoride varnish as a supplement to either the standard or CPP-ACP-enhanced oral hygiene regimes.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional Study on White Spot Lesions and its Association with Dental Caries Experience among School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Deepa Austin ◽  
Hosadurga L JayaKumar ◽  
Krishnaswamy M Chandra ◽  
Vanishree Kemparaj ◽  
Priyanka Prahladka
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

A New Method for Quantifying Labial White Spot Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Erbe ◽  
Luisa Hartmann ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Daniela Ohlendorf ◽  
Heinrich Wehrbein
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Multibracket Appliance

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence as well as incidence of White Spot Lesions (WSL) before and after labial multibracket appliance (MB) therapy. The goal was also to determine the intensity of WSL based on the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks & Richmond (1994). Moreover, this study investigated the scope of WSL by using a newly-developed evaluation tool. Materials & methods: Digital photographs of 121 patients (63 ♂, 58 ♀) with labial metal brackets were analyzed retrospectively before and after MB therapy. The patients were 12.5±2.1 years old. The treatment took 3.1±1.4 years. Adult patients as well as patients with structural or restaurative modifications were excluded from the study. All patients received standardized prophylactic instructions. The labial surfaces of anterior teeth, canine teeth, and premolars in the upper (UJ) and lower jaws (LJ) were evaluated by using the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks & Richmond (1994, levels 0-3) and a specially developed scaled graticule with concentric circles to quantify the extent of WSL (in %). The statistical data analysis was based on crosstabulations and logistic regression. Results: Before MB, 69.4% of the patients had WSL. After MB therapy, 97.5% of the patients presented at least one WSL. The incidence amounted to 28.1%. Before MB, 18.4% of the tooth surfaces (TS) showed an EDI level of 1-3. After MB, 51.8% of the TS featured WSL. Before and after MB, the prevalence for WSL was higher on UJ and LJ canine teeth and premolars than on incisors. 18.2% of the TS showed a WSL to the extent of ≥ 20-100% before MB and 52.3% after MB. The majority (40.8%) of the newly-developed WSL concerned ≥ 40% of TS. The incidence in the UJ was highest for the first and second premolars (71-79%), followed by the lateral incisors (61-63%). In the LJ, the incidence was highest for the second and first premolars (64-76%) and lowest for incisors (22-35%). The logistic regression showed a statistically increased risk to develop WSL after MB for lateral incisors, UJ canine teeth, and for UJ and LJ premolars in male patients. The probability for developing a new distal WSL is higher than developing gingival, mesial, and occlusal WSL. Conclusion: Labial MB therapy is found to drastically increase the risk of developing WSL. Particularly, premolars and canine teeth showed an increased prevalence. In using the specially developed evaluation index, we were able to verify through simple handling and intra-rater reliability a concise quantification of the extent of labial WSL.

scholarly journals Effect of topical fluoride gel and fluoride varnish in the prevention of white spot lesions in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: An in vivo study

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Thakur ◽  
Raghuvinder S. Vats ◽  
M. P. Prasanna Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Datana ◽  
Mohit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Objectives: Our primary objective was to establish the efficacy of fluoride gel and fluoride varnish in the prevention of white spot lesions (WSLs) development during fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 60 adult patients in a prospective split-mouth study design. Interventions, that is, topical fluoride gel and topical fluoride varnish were assigned at the time of bonding to either the right or left halves of the dentition. In all subjects, repeated evaluation of demineralization was done on the facial surfaces of sample teeth in each quadrant. Evaluation using laser fluorescence and by direct visual observation under magnification was carried out at bonding (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2). Results: The distribution of mean DIAGNOdent score at T1 (3.14 ± 1.00 vs. 2.81 ± 0.852) and T2 (4.17 ± 1.41 vs. 3.51 ± 1.13) was observed which is significantly higher in the Gel group compared to the Varnish group. In the Gel group, the distribution of mean DIAGNOdent score at T1 (3.14 ± 1.00) and T2 (4.17 ± 1.41) is significantly higher compared to mean DIAGNOdent score at baseline T0 (2.07 ± 0.66). In the Varnish group, the distribution of mean DIAGNOdent score at T1 (2.81 ± 0.852) and T2 (3.51 ± 1.13) is significantly higher compared to the mean DIAGNOdent score at T0 (2.07 ± 0.66). Visual scores also correlated with DIAGNOdent scores. Conclusion: Fluoride varnish is more efficacious than fluoride gel in reducing enamel demineralization. Initial application of fluoride varnish around the orthodontic bracket at bonding appointment can offer significant protection against WSLs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish and Cheese on White Spot Lesions Remineralization: Evaluation Using Laser Fluorescence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susi Sukmasari ◽  
Wan Nurfazliyana binti Wan Fauzi ◽  
Zati Balqis binti Mohammed Azme ◽  
Anisa Kusumawardani ◽  
Iswan Zuraidi Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Laser Fluorescence ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions

In situ Acid Resistance of in vivo Formed White Spot Lesions

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Iijima ◽  
O. Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Resistance ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions

Regression of Post-orthodontic Lesions by a Remineralizing Cream

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1148-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Bailey ◽  
G.G. Adams ◽  
C.E. Tsao ◽  
A. Hyslop ◽  
K. Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

Orthodontic patients have an increased risk of white-spot lesion formation. A clinical trial was conducted to test whether, in a post-orthodontic population using fluoride toothpastes and receiving supervised fluoride mouthrinses, more lesions would regress in participants using a remineralizing cream containing casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate compared with a placebo. Forty-five participants (aged 12–18 yrs) with 408 white-spot lesions were recruited, with 23 participants randomized to the remineralizing cream and 22 to the placebo. Product was applied twice daily after fluoride toothpaste use for 12 weeks. Clinical assessments were performed according to ICDAS II criteria. Transitions between examinations were coded as progressing, regressing, or stable. Ninety-two percent of lesions were assessed as code 2 or 3. For these lesions, 31% more had regressed with the remineralizing cream than with the placebo (OR = 2.3, P = 0.04) at 12 weeks. Significantly more post-orthodontic white-spot lesions regressed with the remineralizing cream compared with a placebo over 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a combined silver nanoparticles/fluoride varnish in dental remineralization in children: in vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Claudia Butrón-Téllez Girón ◽  
J. Mariel-Cárdenas ◽  
M. Pierdant-Pérez ◽  
J.F. Hernández-Sierra ◽  
J.E. Morales-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Cavity Detection ◽  
Effective Strategies

Dental caries is an infectious disease that can occur in children, sometimes as soon as the teeth eruption starts. Nanotechnology provides effective strategies in prevention and treatment of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the addition of silver nanoparticles to a fluoride varnish for the remineralization of primary teeth with white spot lesions. A trial was carried out in children with dental demineralization (white spot lesions) on both maxillary dental teeth. One of the teeth received three applications of a fluoride varnish with silver nanoparticles, and the other one, three applications of the same varnish without the silver nanoparticles. We measured the mineral content of the teeth with a laser cavity detection device (DIAGNOdent®) before the first application of the varnishes, and 3 months after the last application. The results show significant differences between teeth treated with silver nanoparticles. Teeth have been treated with fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles  seemed to enhance dental structure than teeth treated with conventional varnish, and this effect was also found between basal and final measurements in this group. The fluoride varnish added with silver nanoparticles seems to be more effective in the dental remineralization. This strategy may be used as a prophylactic measure to avoid development of caries.

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