How the Asylum Backlog Affects Torture Survivors and What the Biden Administration Can Do to Fix It

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawthorne Smith, Ph.D.
Keyword(s):  
Torture Survivors

Complex Trauma Among Iraqi Torture Survivors: A Retrospective Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Farrag ◽  
Robert W. Hymes ◽  
Husam Abdelkhaleq ◽  
Rima Soueidan ◽  
Haitham Safo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Torture Survivors

Trading faces: Complete AI face doubles avoid the uncanny valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Welker ◽  
David France ◽  
Alice Henty ◽  
Thalia Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Full Face ◽  
The Impact

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) enable the creation of videos in which a person appears to say or do things they did not. The impact of these so-called “deepfakes” hinges on their perceived realness. Here we tested different versions of deepfake faces for Welcome to Chechnya, a documentary that used face swaps to protect the privacy of Chechen torture survivors who were persecuted because of their sexual orientation. AI face swaps that replace an entire face with another were perceived as more human-like and less unsettling compared to partial face swaps that left the survivors’ original eyes unaltered. The full-face swap was deemed the least unsettling even in comparison to the original (unaltered) face. When rendered in full, AI face swaps can appear human and avoid aversive responses in the viewer associated with the uncanny valley.

scholarly journals Beyond torture checklists: an exploratory study of the reliability and construct validity of the Torturing Environment Scale (TES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Pérez-Sales ◽  
Raquel González-Rubio ◽  
Blanca Mellor-Marsá ◽  
Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Environment Scale

Abstract Background Torture methods have traditionally been quantified using checklists. However, checklists fail to capture accurately both the almost infinite range of available methods of torture and the victims’ subjective experience. The Torturing Environment Scale (TES) was designed as a multidimensional alternative that groups torture methods according to the specific human function under attack. This study aims to do an exploratory assessment of the internal consistency reliability and discriminatory validity of the TES as part of a construct validity assessment in a sample of Basque torture survivors. Methods We applied the TES to a sample of 201 torture survivors from the Istanbul Protocol Project in the Basque Country Study (IPP-BC) to profile torturing environments in detention. To estimate the internal consistency reliability of the scale, categorical omega values were obtained for each subscale of the TES. To assess its discriminatory validity, the “known groups” method was used comparing mean scorings by gender, state security forces involved in the detention, and decade (the 1980s to the present) when the events took place. Results Men reported more physical pain, while women reported more attacks on self-identity and sexual integrity. The TES also showed significant differences as regards the security forces involved in the detention: Civil Guard (a militarised police) used more manipulation of the environment, threats, fear, pain and extreme pain, as compared to national and regional corps. Finally, although patterns of torture remained mostly unchanged across decades, more recent detentions included more emphasis on psychological attacks: context manipulation, humiliation linked to sexual identity, and attacks to meaning and identity. For all subscales of the TES, categorical omega values ranged from 0.44 to 0.72. Conclusion The TES may be a useful tool in profiling torturing environments. Its sensitivity to key contextual variables supports the discriminatory validity of the scale. While some of the subscales showed an acceptable degree of internal consistency, others require further analysis to improve reliability. The scale provides unique insights into the profile of contemporary torture. It will allow for future quantitative research on the relationship between different torturing environments and the medical and psychological consequences thereof.

Clinical science and torture survivors' rights to rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J Liddell ◽  
Angela Nickerson ◽  
Richard A Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Science ◽  
Torture Survivors

scholarly journals Oral Health Status of Refugee Torture Survivors Seeking Care in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 2181-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet K. Singh ◽  
Thayer E. Scott ◽  
Michelle M. Henshaw ◽  
Susan E. Cote ◽  
Michael A. Grodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Torture Survivors
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