scholarly journals When Is a Fish Not a Fish? Questions Raised by a Nage Life-Form Category

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Forth
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Folk Taxonomy ◽  
River Fish

Speakers of a Central-Malayo-Polynesian language, the Nage inhabit the central region of the eastern Indonesian island of Flores. Their folk taxonomy of animals (ana wa) contains three named life-form taxa, one of which is ika, fish. A review of component folk-generic taxa, however, reveals that Nage do not classify five kinds of freshwater fish as ‘fish’ (ika), even though they further apply ika to various marine fish (including sharks and rays) as well as to marine mammals. The article considers this peculiarity of Nage folk zoological taxonomy, and how it might affect an understanding of ika as denoting a ‘fish’ life-form taxon. The main conclusion is that the five excluded categories—distinguished largely on morphological and behavioural grounds, and  conveniently designated as the ‘tebhu cluster’, after one of their members—are contrasted primarily with freshwater species which Nage do classify as ‘fish’ (ika). Specified by name as ika lowo (‘river fish’), these are further contrasted with another named folk-intermediate taxon of ‘marine fish’ (ika mesi). From this, it is argued that, as a life-form category, ika should be understood as implicitly including the five members of the ‘tebhu cluster’ as a third, albeit covert, folk-intermediate taxon.

Endocrine disruption in marine fish

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2249-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matthiessen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Top Predators

This topic reviews the whole field of endocrine disruption (ED) in marine fish and compares this with our knowledge of the situation in freshwater species. In broad terms, similar types of ED have been observed in the two groups, although effects in the marine environment tend to be less marked, presumably due to dispersion and dilution. There are, however, some data which suggest that marine fish that are top-predators can experience ED due to biomagnification of organochlorines. Processes such as smoltification, metamorphosis, and hermaphroditism, which are common in some marine species, may be particularly susceptible to ED, but have as yet been scarcely studied. As with freshwater fish, firm links to population-level effects have not yet been demonstrated, although it is not unreasonable to suppose that they are occurring in some locations. The topic concludes with some recommendations for future research.

Illegal trade of aquarium species through the Brazilian postal service in Ceará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívio M. Gurjão ◽  
Glaura M. L. Barros ◽  
Daniele P. Lopes ◽  
Daniel A. N. Machado ◽  
Tito M. C. Lotufo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources

Brazil is one of the main suppliers of aquarium species globally, and Ceará state is a recognised trading centre for this activity. Despite Brazilian Postal Law forbidding the mailing of live or dead organisms, smugglers still use this service to transport aquarium species throughout the country. To assess this unlawful practice, the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) and the Brazilian Post and Telegraph Co. (ECT, Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos) conducted 57 confiscations involving domestic transportation only. The main origin and principal destination of the confiscated packages was south-eastern Brazil, especially São Paulo state, where package inspections must be intensified. Considering all groups of seized species, freshwater fish were by far the most represented organisms due to intense translocation of Betta splendens. Some of the confiscated marine fish, echinoderms and cnidarians are included in the Brazilian List of Threatened Species; thus, their exploitation is restricted or forbidden. In addition, only 18 of the seized species were native to Brazil, and just 12 of them occur naturally in Ceará state, which both raises concerns about potential bioinvasions and demands more control by the Brazilian authorities of smuggled species. Although some illegal traders were repeatedly caught mailing organisms, confiscations do seem to mitigate the illicit transportation of species to some extent.

Comparative Effects of Temperature on the Sodium and Water Permeabilities of the Gills of a Stenohaline Freshwater Fish (Carassius Auratus) and a Stenohaline Marine Fish (Serranus Scriba, Serranus Cabrilla)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ISAIA
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Diffusional Permeability ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Sea Perch ◽  
Branchial Membrane

1. Comparative effects of temperature on the permeability of the gill to water and to sodium were studied in the marine sea perch Serranus and the freshwater goldfish Carassius. 2. The acclimation Q10 for the water fluxes is higher in the freshwater fish than in the marine fish. 3. In the goldfish the osmotic permeability (Pos) is greater than the diffusional permeability (Pdlf) at all acclimation temperatures, suggesting the presence of ‘waterfilled channels’ in the branchial membrane. In the sea perch, on the other hand, Pos/Pdlf is approximately 1, indicating that water movements probably occur by simple diffusion. 4. The permeabilities to water and to sodium are similar in the sea perch but very different in the goldfish. Considering these results together with those from a similar study on an elasmobranch, it would seem that the more perfect the semipermeability of the gill membrane and the weaker the transepithelial osmotic gradient, the greater is the branchial porosity. 5. Assuming that temperature changes do not cause modification of the branchial surface or relative permeabilities to water and to sodium the independence of the temperature-coefficient variations for water and for sodium indicates a certain dissociation between the movements of salt and of water, in the sea perch. In the goldfish, assuming a constant branchial surface and in view of the fact that Pos > Pdif the high temperature coefficients for the water fluxes suggest that the water in the ‘water-filled channels’ is in a highly organized state.

scholarly journals First Report on the Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Edible Marine Fish and Marine Mammals: A Large Scale-Study Conducted in Atlantic Northeast and on the Coasts of Northern France

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausicaa Gantois ◽  
Angélique Lamot ◽  
Yuwalee Seesao ◽  
Colette Creusy ◽  
Luen-Luen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Blastocystis is frequently identified in humans and animal hosts and exhibits a large genetic diversity with the identification of 17 subtypes (STs). Despite its zoonotic potential, its prevalence and ST distribution in edible marine fish and marine mammals remain unknown. A large-scale survey was thus conducted by screening 345 fish caught in Atlantic Northeast and 29 marine mammals stranded on the coasts of northern France for the presence of the parasite using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR. The prevalence of the parasite was about 3.5% in marine fish. These animals were mostly colonized by poikilotherm-derived isolates not identified in humans and corresponding to potential new STs, indicating that fish are natural hosts of Blastocystis. Marine fishes are also carriers of human STs and represent a likely limited source of zoonotic transmission. 13.8% of the marine mammals tested were colonized and 6 different STs were identified including 3 potential new STs. The risk of zoonotic transmission through marine mammals is insignificant due to the lack of repeated contact with humans. The present survey represents the first data regarding the prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis in marine fish and marine mammals and provides new insights into its genetic diversity, host range and transmission.

Spatial and temporal repeatability in parasite community structure of tropical fish hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
R. POULIN
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Interspecific Associations ◽  
Red Grouper

An assessment is made of the repeatability of parasite community structure in space for a marine fish, and in space and time for a freshwater fish from south-eastern Mexico. The marine fish species was the red grouper,Epinephelus morio(collected from 9 localities), and the freshwater species was the cichlid,Cichlasoma urophthalmus(collected from 6 localities: including monthly at 2 localities for 1 year, and bimonthly at 1 locality in 1990 and 1999). Pairwise interspecific associations and analyses of nested patterns in the distributions of parasite species among hosts were used in both fish species, with comparisons over time made only with the cichlid. Positive interspecific associations, and nested patterns were noted in some localities for both fish species, and/or at some sampling times for the cichlid fish. However, non-random patterns in the structure of parasite communities in these 2 host species only were observed sporadically. When present, nestedness in both fish species was apparently linked with a positive association between total infection intensities and fish size. Additionally, adjacent localities were more likely to display similar parasite community structure than distant ones. This preliminary result suggests that distance between localities is an important determinant of predictability in parasite community structure.

scholarly journals Spatial scales of interannual recruitment variations of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1400-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Myers ◽  
G Mertz ◽  
J Bridson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Environmental Agents

We examine the spatial scale of variability in recruitment for 11 marine, three anadromous, and five freshwater species. Generally the spatial scale of recruitment correlations for marine species is approximately 500 km, compared with less than 50 km for freshwater; anadromous species fall between these two scales. The scale for marine species is comparable with (but less than) that of the largest-scale environmental variables (and is compatible with the idea that large-scale environmental agents influence recruitment). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that predation is a more important factor in determining recruitment in freshwater than it is in the marine environment.

scholarly journals Population genomics data supports introgression between western Iberian Squalius freshwater fish species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia L. Mendes ◽  
Maria M. Coelho ◽  
Vitor C. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
Demographic Modelling ◽  
Paraphyletic Group ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn freshwater fish, processes of population divergence and speciation are often linked to the geomorphology of rivers and lakes that isolate populations. However, current geographical isolation does not necessarily imply total absence of gene flow during the divergence process. Here, we focused on four species of the genus Squalius in Portuguese rivers: S. carolitertii, S. pyrenaicus, S. aradensis and S. torgalensis. Previous studies based on eight nuclear and mitochondrial markers revealed incongruent patterns, with nuclear loci suggesting that S. pyrenaicus was a paraphyletic group since its northern populations were genetically closer to S. carolitertii than to its southern populations. For the first time, we successfully applied a genomic approach to the study of the relationship between these species, using a Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) approach. Our results revealed a species tree with two main lineages: (i) S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus; (ii) S. torgalensis and S. aradensis. Regarding S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus, we found evidence for past introgression between the two in the northern part of S. pyrenaicus distribution. This introgression reconciles previous mitochondrial and nuclear incongruent results and explains the apparent paraphyly of S. pyrenaicus. Our demographic modelling estimates are consistent across models, suggesting that the northern populations of S. pyrenaicus received a contribution of approximately 90% from S. carolitertii and 10% from southern S. pyrenaicus. This illustrates that even in freshwater species currently allopatric, we are able to detect past gene flow events in present-day genomes, suggesting speciation is more complex than simply allopatric.

scholarly journals Sidama Agro-Pastoralism and Ethnobiological Classification of its Primary Plant, Enset (Ensete ventricosum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha B. Quinlan ◽  
Robert J. Quinlan ◽  
Samuel Dira
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Folk Taxonomy ◽  
Ensete Ventricosum ◽  
Low Protein

Enset is an essential plant for the Ethiopian Sidama system of agropastoralism. Sidama agropastoralism and the folk taxonomy of enset is presented here in ethnographic context. One of several societies of Ethiopia’s enset complex, the highland Sidama are among the most wholly reliant on enset and maintain more enset varieties in their gardens than other groups. Sidama agro-pastoral systems revolve around human-enset-cattle interaction: Sidama eat low-protein parts of enset; cattle eat high-protein parts of enset; Sidama get protein from dairy; Sidama fertilize enset with cattle manure. In the Sidama language, enset offers an example of Hunn’s generic elevation within the framework of Berlinian perceptual-taxonomic theory. Weesho (enset) may serve both as a folk generic taxon and a life-form taxon depending on the frame of reference. Such expansion allows for an intermediate taxa translating to “male” or “female” ensets, followed by generic and specific taxa for kinds or “breeds” of enset. Generic elevation offers descriptive magnification of nomenclature for enset, a most salient species among Sidama people.

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