scholarly journals Protocol State Machine Reverse Engineering with a Teaching-Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Székely ◽  
Gergő Ládi ◽  
Tamás Holczer ◽  
Levente Buttyán
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Real World ◽  
State Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Networked System ◽  
Mealy Machine ◽  
Teaching Learning

In this work, we propose a novel solution to the problem of inferring the state machine of an unknown protocol. We extend and improve prior results on inferring Mealy machines, and present a new algorithm that accesses and interacts with a networked system that runs the unknown protocol in order to infer the Mealy machine representing the protocol's state machine. To demonstrate the viability of our approach, we provide an implementation and illustrate the operation of our algorithm on a simple example protocol, as well as on two real-world protocols, Modbus and MQTT.

Location- and Person-Independent Activity Recognition with WiFi, Deep Neural Networks, and Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Yongsen Ma ◽  
Sheheryar Arshad ◽  
Swetha Muniraju ◽  
Eric Torkildson ◽  
Enrico Rantala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
The State ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Learning Agent

In recent years, Channel State Information (CSI) measured by WiFi is widely used for human activity recognition. In this article, we propose a deep learning design for location- and person-independent activity recognition with WiFi. The proposed design consists of three Deep Neural Networks (DNNs): a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as the recognition algorithm, a 1D CNN as the state machine, and a reinforcement learning agent for neural architecture search. The recognition algorithm learns location- and person-independent features from different perspectives of CSI data. The state machine learns temporal dependency information from history classification results. The reinforcement learning agent optimizes the neural architecture of the recognition algorithm using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The proposed design is evaluated in a lab environment with different WiFi device locations, antenna orientations, sitting/standing/walking locations/orientations, and multiple persons. The proposed design has 97% average accuracy when testing devices and persons are not seen during training. The proposed design is also evaluated by two public datasets with accuracy of 80% and 83%. The proposed design needs very little human efforts for ground truth labeling, feature engineering, signal processing, and tuning of learning parameters and hyperparameters.

scholarly journals Better state pictures facilitating state machine characteristic conjecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Duy Bui ◽  
Kazuhiro Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Formal Proof ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Java Virtual Machines ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Proximity Principle

AbstractThe mutual exclusion protocol invented by Mellor-Crummey and Scott (called MCS protocol) is used to exemplify that state picture designs based on which the state machine graphical animation (SMGA) tool produces graphical animations should be better visualized. Variants of MCS protocol have been used in Java virtual machines and therefore the 2006 Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize in Distributed Computing went to their paper on MCS protocol. The new state picture design of a state machine formalizing MCS protocol is assessed based on Gestalt principles, more specifically proximity principle and similarity principle. We report on a core part of a formal verification case study in which the new state picture design and the SMGA tool largely contributed to the successful completion of the formal proof that MCS protocol enjoys the mutual exclusion property. The lessons learned acquired through our experiments are summarized as two groups of tips. The first group is some new tips on how to make state picture designs. The second one is some tips on how to conjecture state machine characteristics by using the SMGA tool. We also report on one more case study in which the state picture design has been made for the mutual exclusion protocol invented by Anderson (called Anderson protocol) and some characteristics of the protocol have been discovered based on the tips.

scholarly journals Fingerprinting Mobile Devices Using Personalized Configurations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kurtz ◽  
Hugo Gascon ◽  
Tobias Becker ◽  
Konrad Rieck ◽  
Felix Freiling
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Real World ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Total Accuracy ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Recently, Apple removed access to various device hardware identifiers that were frequently misused by iOS third-party apps to track users. We are, therefore, now studying the extent to which users of smartphones can still be uniquely identified simply through their personalized device configurations. Using Apple’s iOS as an example, we show how a device fingerprint can be computed using 29 different configuration features. These features can be queried from arbitrary thirdparty apps via the official SDK. Experimental evaluations based on almost 13,000 fingerprints from approximately 8,000 different real-world devices show that (1) all fingerprints are unique and distinguishable; and (2) utilizing a supervised learning approach allows returning users or their devices to be recognized with a total accuracy of 97% over time

scholarly journals A fabric architecture towards block chain application using hyper ledger

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.20) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Haseeb ◽  
K Raja Sekhar ◽  
Y V. Spandana ◽  
M Syam
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
State Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Fabric Architecture ◽  
State Machine Replication ◽  
Main Factor

Block chain is a trust which can be best understood by the state machine replication, It is decentralized distributed ledger which is along all peers in the network connected through nodes over Internet. Every Node in the chain have equal stake and also the main factor is every node which have greater CPU cycles has a chance to operate node by spending those CPU cycles and also show Proof Of Work. Hence when the block chain is used in Business Models it loses its Private transactions and Confidential Contracts.  

scholarly journals Data assimilation in Agent-based models using creation and annihilation operators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tang
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Null Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Agent-based models are a powerful tool for studying the behaviour of complex systems that can be described in terms of multiple, interacting ``agents''. However, because of their inherently discrete and often highly non-linear nature, it is very difficult to reason about the relationship between the state of the model, on the one hand, and our observations of the real world on the other. In this paper we consider agents that have a discrete set of states that, at any instant, act with a probability that may depend on the environment or the state of other agents. Given this, we show how the mathematical apparatus of quantum field theory can be used to reason probabilistically about the state and dynamics the model, and describe an algorithm to update our belief in the state of the model in the light of new, real-world observations. Using a simple predator-prey model on a 2-dimensional spatial grid as an example, we demonstrate the assimilation of incomplete, noisy observations and show that this leads to an increase in the mutual information between the actual state of the observed system and the posterior distribution given the observations, when compared to a null model.

scholarly journals REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE IN INQUIRY-BASED EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE INSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
Roldan D. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Real World ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Science Instruction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Teaching Learning

Science teachers play an important role in improving science literacy of their students. In achieving and building students’ interest and literacy about science, teachers must have an appropriate approach to be used in teaching. In teaching science, students must be active and participative in the learning process. Engaging students in variety of activities can help them in constructing their own knowledge by experiencing and observing results of the experiment. Teachers must provide real world experiences for students to engage with around global issues. This took the form of service-learning projects emphasizing issues of global concern, or working in teams to devise and debate solutions to real-world problems. Notably, these activities were student-centered and inquiry-based. Teachers also incorporated their own cross-cultural experiences into the classroom through informal conversation, discussions, around artifacts and photos, and lesson plans that incorporated knowledge gained and relationship built though their global experiences. The need for utilizing real life experiences in science teaching is a must in today’s classroom as the new generations of learners are ready to work with the different global issues and concerns of which can play an important role in the learning process. However, the utilization of real life experiences in science instruction grows as a measure when teachers are able to develop an engaging and positive learning environment for learners. With this, teachers should carefully plan how to utilize the students’ real life experiences efficiently and effectively in inquiry-based science instruction to enhance more the teaching-learning process. The focus of this study was to determine the real life experience in inquiry-based earth and space science instruction in public secondary schools in Batangas City. The descriptive method of research was applied in the study, with the questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument responded to by 102 science teachers. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that real life experiences in science areas were moderately utilized by the students while teachers applied inquiry-based learning activities along its phases of exploration, concept introduction, and concept application to a moderate extent. It was recommended that the proposed learning plans be used to enhance science instruction and an instrument or assessment tool may be developed to determine the impact of utilization of real life experiences in teaching-learning process.

scholarly journals Commitment to Care for the Community and COVID-19: teaching-learning approach to medical education in primary health care in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Bruno Bastos Godoi ◽  
Luiza Vilas Boas Freitas ◽  
Delba Fonseca Santos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Collaborative Teams ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Teaching Learning

The major challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic to all countries has been to their healthcare systems and how to face it with excellence. Medical education can contribute in a short period so that the health system responds effectively to the current challenges imposed by the pandemic. Political implications identification and action are important to show that they can convert ideas into realities. In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, literacy in individual, community, and population health is more important than ever. As knowledge about COVID-19 grows rapidly, so does the opportunity to shape more effective interprofessional educational practices. During this pandemic, interprofessional collaborative teams are more crucial than ever in health promotion, mainly at the Primary Health Care.

Exile and Social Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
Seyla Benhabib
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Real World ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
Albert Hirschman ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quality Of Products

This chapter focuses on how Albert Hirschman presented that the image of the economy as a fully competitive system where changes in the fortunes of individual firms are exclusively caused by basic shifts of comparative advantage is certainly an inaccurate representation of the real world. In associations such as the family, the state, and religious, civic, and professional institutions, loyalty dominates and often trumps exit in favor of voice. “Exit” means leaving behind a product, a service, a firm, or a country to seek others, whereas “voice” refers to the choice to seek influence and have a say in determining the future quality of products or institutions. The chapter shows how Hirschman knew about exit, the search for voice, and the conflicts of loyalties first-hand through his eventful life and travels.

A Project-Based Learning Approach

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Osuna Galan ◽  
Alejandro Miguel Rosas-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Engineering Environment ◽  
General Skills ◽  
Teaching Learning

Mathematical applications have a presence in an engineering environment; in the particular case of mathematical models. A pedagogic theoretical framework that supports various teaching-learning techniques is constructionism; one of these techniques is called Project Based Learning which provides several advantages. This chapter aims to show the experiences during the course of Mathematical Modeling in a context of project-based learning. It will show that students develop general skills of engineering which includes developing the faculties of memory, reasoning and problem solving, teamwork and initiative and of readiness to take risks. Also presents some of the advantages and issues for consideration in relation to its effectiveness as a teaching and learning method.

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