scholarly journals Cell wall thickness and tangential and radial cell diameter of fertilized and irrigated Norway spruce

Silva Fennica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Radial Cell

scholarly journals Genetic control of tracheid properties in Norway spruce wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baison ◽  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Nils Forsberg ◽  
Tommy Mörling ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Selection Probability

Abstract Through the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping it is possible to establish the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Our GWAS study presents the first such effort in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L). Karst.) for the traits related to wood tracheid characteristics. The study employed an exome capture genotyping approach that generated 178 101 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from 40 018 probes within a population of 517 Norway spruce mother trees. We applied a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) based association mapping method using a functional multi-locus mapping approach, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The analysis has provided 30 significant associations, the majority of which show specific expression in wood-forming tissues or high ubiquitous expression, potentially controlling tracheids dimensions, their cell wall thickness and microfibril angle. Among the most promising candidates based on our results and prior information for other species are: Picea abies BIG GRAIN 2 (PabBG2) with a predicted function in auxin transport and sensitivity, and MA_373300g0010 encoding a protein similar to wall-associated receptor kinases, which were both associated with cell wall thickness. The results demonstrate feasibility of GWAS to identify novel candidate genes controlling industrially-relevant tracheid traits in Norway spruce.

Wood-density variation of Norway spruce in relation to nutrient optimization and fibre dimensions

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää ◽  
Sune Linder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Absolute

The effect of fertilization on wood density, fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, proportion of cell wall area, and cell wall thickness of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were studied in a nutrient optimization experiment in northern Sweden. On the fertilized plots, all essential macronutrients and micronutrients were supplied in irrigation water every second day during the growing season. After 12 years' treatment, data were collected from 24 trees (40 years old) on the fertilized and control plots. Fertilization increased radial growth more than threefold, especially earlywood width, and decreased wood density by over 20% at 1.3 and 4 m height. The decrease in wood density was closely related to the proportion of latewood. The absolute wood density also decreased across the whole annual ring but proportionately more in latewood than in earlywood. A close relationship was found between the wood density and fibre properties, especially with the proportion of cell wall in a cross section of each annual ring, as well as with fibre and lumen width. The absolute cell wall thickness was clearly less related to wood density. However, rather large variations were found between individual trees in the relationship between wood density and fibre properties.

scholarly journals Wood Anatomical Traits Reveal Different Structure of Peat Bog and Lowland Populations of Pinus sylvestris L. in the Carpathian Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Balázs Palla ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Klára Cseke ◽  
Krisztina Buczkó ◽  
Mária Höhn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Extreme Habitats

Ecologically extreme habitats at a species’ distribution edges bear significance for biota under adverse climatic conditions and climate change. Range-edge populations adjust their functional traits to the special local ecological conditions, leading to increased intraspecific variability in their morpho-anatomical structure and, consequently, favor population survival in the absence of competitors. On the basis of wood anatomical traits, such as tracheid lumen area (CA), cell wall thickness (CWTrad), cell diameter-to-radial cell wall thickness ratio (CD/CWT), and the number of tracheids in the radial tracheid files (TNo), we investigated the xylem adjustment of Pinus sylvestris L. populations from six ecologically extreme habitats from the Eastern Carpathians and the Pannonian Basin. Results indicated significant differences among all studied sites in case of all wood anatomical traits as signs of the local adaptation of trees. Peat bog populations adapted their wood anatomical traits to the generally hydric, cool and anaerobic conditions of the peat bogs, exhibiting smaller CA and proportionally thick CWTrad to ensure the hydraulic safety of the stem, whereas, on the lowland site, trees were characterized by a more effective water-conducting system, developing larger CA with relatively thin CWTrad with lower carbon-per-conduit-costs at the expense of higher vulnerability to cavitation. Radial tree ring growth and TNo also differed markedly among sites, following the temperature and groundwater constraints of the habitats. Wood anatomical variability among tree rings and the corresponding short-term climate response of populations differed from the adaptive responses of the trees to the ecological characteristics of the habitat. In addition to the different phylogeographic origin evidenced in former studies, phenotypic differentiation by the habitat type of the studied populations linked to the variance in morpho-anatomical traits have contributed to the survival of the peripheral Scots pine populations at the species’ range margins.

Radial Variation of Anatomical Characteristics in Paraserianthes Falcataria Planted in Indonesia

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ishiguri ◽  
T. Hiraiwa ◽  
K. Iizuka ◽  
S. Yokota ◽  
D. Priadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Radial Variation ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics

Radial variation in anatomical characteristics of five 13-year-old Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen (syn. Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg), an important commercial tree species in Indonesia, were investigated in order to obtain basic information regarding breeding for wood quality. Both cell wall thickness in wood fibers and vessel percentage showed an almost constant value up to 10 cm from the pith and then increased toward the bark. In contrast, wood fiber percentage decreased from 10 cm toward the bark. The cell wall percentage was lower towards the pith and higher towards the bark. In the five sample trees, significant differences were found in the cell diameter of wood fibers, wood fiber percentage, axial parenchyma percentage, and cell wall percentage. Basic density was affected by the cell wall thickness of wood fibers, but not the vessel percentage and fiber percentage.

Relationships between anatomical and densitometric characteristics of black spruce and summer temperature at tree line in northern Quebec

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Wang ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Yves Bégin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Ring Cell ◽  
Densitometric Data

Tracheid cell number, cell diameter, and cell-wall thickness of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) tree rings at the tree line (northern Quebec, Canada) were measured using image analysis. The densitometric data from the same samples were used to evaluate the features of image analysis. The anatomical data were correlated with summer temperature variables, including: means of pentad temperature (five consecutive days), growing season (May- September), sum of degree-days, and number of frost-free days. Our results suggest that the main cause of the pale appearance of light rings is thinner latewood cell-wall thickness. Some latewood variables are strongly correlated with corresponding indices for ring cell number and diameter, and ring cell wall thickness. Anatomical ring cell number and the sum of cell diameters (ring widths) were correlated to tree-ring width parameters derived from densitometry. Ring cell number and annual sum of cell diameter also showed very similar trends with both chronologies, suggesting that ring-width length may depend on the number of cells within a ring. Ratio diagram of double cell-wall thickness to cell radial diameter showed similar trend to wood density profile. There is a statistically significant correlation between maximum density and the highest annual ratio between cell wall thickness and lumen diameter. Cell-wall thickness was significantly correlated to maximum density, and both were significantly correlated with summer temperature variables. Our results suggest that wood anatomy may be used as a substitute to densitometry for climate reconstruction as densitometric data require expensive equipments. Also the anatomical method allows the recording of intra-annual information for dendroecological purposes.

Climate response of cell characteristics in tree rings of Picea crassifolia

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmei Xu ◽  
Jianxiong Lu ◽  
Fucheng Bao ◽  
Robert Evans ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Picea Crassifolia

Abstract Dimensions of dated tree rings are an important tool of dendroclimatology. However, the relationships between climatic variables and cell diameter and cell wall thickness are not yet clearly elaborated. In the present article, year-to-year cell characteristics, ring width, and wood density of Picea crassifolia trees growing in northwestern China have been measured with high resolution by means of the instrument SilviScan-3. The response function analysis showed that climate explained 51% of the variation of cell radial diameter chronology, 48% of wood density, 40% of cell wall thickness, and 37% of ring width. Cell wall thickness and wood density responded significantly and positively to temperature, and the response to precipitation was negative, while the opposite was true for cell radial diameter and ring width. Cell wall thickness and wood density were pronounced (statistically significant) to temperature in September and precipitation in May and August. Cell radial diameter responded significantly to temperature in June and July, and precipitation, in August. For ring width, the temperature in July was important. Accordingly, cell characteristics are sensitive to climate, and the findings could be useful in the field of dendroclimatology.

scholarly journals Prospects for dendroanatomy in paleoclimatology – a case study on Picea engelmannii from the Canadian Rockies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Seftigen ◽  
Marina V. Fonti ◽  
Brian Luckman ◽  
Miloš Rydval ◽  
Petter Stridbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Radial Cell Wall

Abstract. The continuous development of new proxies as well as a refinement of existing tools are key to advances in paleoclimate research and improvements in the accuracy of existing climate reconstructions. Herein, we build on recent methodological progress in dendroanatomy – the analyses of wood anatomical parameters in dated tree rings – and introduce the longest (1585–2014 CE) dendroanatomical dataset currently developed for North America. We explore the potential of dendroanatomy of high-elevation Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) as a proxy of past temperatures by measuring anatomical cell dimensions of 15 living trees from the Columbia Icefield area. There, X-ray maximum latewood density (MXD) and its blue intensity counterpart (MXBI) have previously been measured, which allows comparing the different parameters. Our findings highlight anatomical MXD and maximum radial cell wall thickness as the two most promising wood anatomical proxy parameters for past temperatures, each explaining 46 % and 49 %, respectively, of instrumental, high-pass filtered, July–August maximum temperatures over the 1901–1994 period. While both parameters display comparable climatic imprinting at higher frequencies to X-ray derived MXD, the anatomical dataset distinguishes itself from its predecessors by providing the most temporally stable warm-season temperature signal. For the long-term secular trends, discrepancies between anatomical MXD and maximum radial cell wall thickness chronologies were observed, where the former more closely follow the long-term variations of the X-ray based MXD. Further studies, including samples from more diverse age cohorts and the adaptation of RCS-based standardizations, are needed to disentangle the ontogenetic and climatic components of long-term signals stored in the wood anatomical traits and to more comprehensively evaluate the potential contribution of this new dataset to paleoclimate research.

Effect of Growth Rate on Fibre Characteristics in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mäkinen ◽  
P. Saranpää ◽  
S. Linder
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

Summary To study the effect of growth rate on fibre characteristics and their variations in Norway spruce, trees were sampled in a nutrient optimisation experiment in northern Sweden. Data was collected from 24 trees (40 years old) from fertilised and control plots after 12 years of annual nutrient application, as well as from older trees outside the experimental area. Fibre length, fibre diameter, cell wall thickness, lumen diameter and cell wall percentage were measured from every third annual ring at breast height and at a height of 4 m. Fibre properties, as well as their standard deviation, were closely related to ring number and distance from the pith. Intra-ring variation of fibre characteristics was high compared to their variation between trees. Fertilisation reduced fibre length and cell wall thickness, but increased fibre and lumen diameter in rings of the same age. The difference in fibre width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter between fertilised and control trees was less apparent, but a greater difference in fibre length was found between the treatments with regard to distance from the pith. There was a similar effect of fertilisation on fibre properties in early- and latewood. The effect of enhanced growth rate was less pronounced at a height of 4 m (near the pith) than at breast height (in older rings). It was demonstrated that it is possible to model intra-tree variability of fibre characteristics using ring width and cambial age as independent variables. Models presented are, however, limited by the relatively young age of the sample trees used.

Effects of thinning and fertilisation on tracheid dimensions and lignin content of Norway spruce

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Jaakkola ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Treatment Onset

Abstract The effects of the intensity and timing of commercial thinning and fertilisation on tracheid properties and lignin content of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] were studied in two long-term fertilisation-thinning experiments in central and eastern Finland. The experiments consisted of three thinning and three fertilisation treatments in a randomised block design. Fertilisation levels were: unfertilised (F 0), 150 kg N ha-1 (F 1), and 300 kg N ha-1 (F 2). Thinning treatments were: delayed first thinning (T 0), normal thinning (T 1), and intensive first thinning (T 2). A total of 85 trees were sampled 26 years after treatment onset. Tracheid length was measured for 24 trees and cell wall thickness and lumen diameter for 16 trees grown under treatments F 0 T 0, F 0 T 2, F 1 T 0, and F 1 T 2. Lignin content was determined for all trees sampled (n=85) grown in all the different treatment combinations. We found only small differences in tracheid length (0–6%), cell wall thickness (1–17%) and lumen diameter (0–9%), depending on the different fertilisation and thinning conditions. We also found only slightly (1–2%) higher lignin content for fertilised (F 1 and F 2) than for unfertilised (F 0 ) trees (25.8% and 26.0% vs. 25.4%). Trees yielded 26.0% lignin content after intensive first thinning (T 2), 25.9% following normal thinning (T 1), and 25.4% after delayed first thinning (T 0). Thus, the prevailing fertilisation and thinning practice for Norway spruce stands in Finland may not cause essential changes in tracheid properties and lignin content.

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