scholarly journals Decomposition of fine roots and α-cellulose in a short rotation willow (Salix spp.) plantation on abandoned agricultural land

Silva Fennica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülle Püttsepp ◽  
Krista Lõhmus ◽  
Andres Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Salix Spp

scholarly journals Leaf-Scale Study of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Willow (Salix spp.) Short Rotation Coppices Covering Two Growing Seasons

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Tomas Karlsson ◽  
Leif Klemedtsson ◽  
Riikka Rinnan ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Salix Spp

In Europe, willow (Salix spp.) trees have been used commercially since the 1980s at a large scale to produce renewable energy. While reducing fossil fuel needs, growing short rotation coppices (SRCs), such as poplar or willow, may have a high impact on local air quality as these species are known to produce high amounts of isoprene, which can lead to the production of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here, we present a long-term leaf-scale study of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from a Swedish managed willow site with the aim of providing information on the seasonal variability in BVOC emissions during two growing seasons, 2015–2016. Total BVOC emissions during these two seasons were dominated by isoprene (>96% by mass) and the monoterpene (MT) ocimene. The average standardized (STD, temperature of 30 °C and photosynthetically active radiation of 1000 µmol m−2 s−1) emission rate for isoprene was 45.2 (±42.9, standard deviation (SD)) μg gdw−1 h−1. Isoprene varied through the season, mainly depending on the prevailing temperature and light, where the measured emissions peaked in July 2015 and August 2016. The average STD emission for MTs was 0.301 (±0.201) μg gdw−1 h−1 and the MT emissions decreased from spring to autumn. The average STD emission for sesquiterpenes (SQTs) was 0.103 (±0.249) μg gdw−1 h−1, where caryophyllene was the most abundant SQT. The measured emissions of SQTs peaked in August both in 2015 and 2016. Non-terpenoid compounds were grouped as other VOCs (0.751 ± 0.159 μg gdw−1 h−1), containing alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and other compounds. Emissions from all the BVOC groups decreased towards the end of the growing season. The more sun-adapted leaves in the upper part of the plantation canopy emitted higher rates of isoprene, MTs, and SQTs compared with more shade-adapted leaves in the lower canopy. On the other hand, emissions of other VOCs were lower from the upper part of the canopy compared with the lower part. Light response curves showed that ocimene and α-farnesene increased with light but only for the sun-adapted leaves, since the shade-adapted leaves did not emit ocimene and α-farnesene. An infestation with Melampsora spp. likely induced high emissions of, e.g., hexanal and nonanal in August 2015. The results from this study imply that upscaling BVOC emissions with model approaches should account for seasonality and also include the canopy position of leaves as a parameter to allow for better estimates for the regional and global budgets of ecosystem emissions.

Correspondence of ectomycorrhizal diversity and colonisation of willows (Salix spp.) grown in short rotation coppice on arable sites and adjacent natural stands

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz ◽  
Ylva K. Toljander ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
Petra M. A. Fransson ◽  
Andy F. S. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Rotation Coppice ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Diversity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Salix Spp

Above- and below-ground biomass and fine roots of 4-year-old hybrids of Populustrichocarpa × Populusdeltoides and parental species in short-rotation culture

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Heilman ◽  
G. Ekuan ◽  
D. Fogle
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Mean annual aboveground leafless biomass production averaged 14.8, 11.4, and 24.3 Mg•ha−1•year−1 at harvest at 4 years of age for Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Marsh., and P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids, respectively. These trees were planted at 1 × 1 m spacing on a medium- to coarse-textured alluvial soil in western Washington. Branches accounted for 13.2–20.3% of the aboveground weight. Total weight of stumps and coarse roots at harvest varied from 12.3 to 29.6 Mg•ha−1, or 22–33% of the weight of aboveground leafless biomass. Small and fine roots sampled to a depth of 3.17 m using soil cores amounted to an additional 6.6–11 Mg•ha−1 of roots. Stumps and all roots as a ratio of aboveground biomass (root/shoot ratio) ranged from 0.34 to 0.42, with hybrids accounting for the entire range of values present. Mass of the fine roots (less than 0.5 mm diameter) ranged from 4.0 to 6.5 Mg•ha−1, or an average of 6.8% of the aboveground biomass. The smallest of the fine roots measured 0.06 mm in diameter. Specific root length of fine roots averaged 50.7 m•g−1 for P. deltoides, 42 m•g−1 for P. trichocarpa, and 30–47 m•g−1 for hybrids. Total length of fine roots to a depth of 3.17 m ranged from 179 000 to 284 000 km•ha−1. Density of fine roots by length per unit soil volume was greatest at the surface with the range of means for clones in the top 0.18 m being 2.4–6.3 cm•cm−3; at 1.0–3.17 m soil depth, density was 0.02–0.6 cm•cm−3. For two of the hybrid clones, the density of fine roots at the soil surface was half that of the other clones. The distribution of fine roots in the stratified soil profile was correlated with soil depth, Kjeldahl N, and organic matter, with the latter two parameters showing the highest coefficients of determination (0.73 and 0.71, respectively). In the more sandy but layered subsoil (0.36–3.17 m depth), soil depth, Kjeldahl N, and sand content were most strongly correlated with fine root density, with depth and sand content giving the highest coefficients of determination (0.32 and 0.31, respectively). Roots in sandy subsoil were coarser and much less branched than in adjacent finer textured layers.

Three-year dynamics of N2O fluxes from soil, stem and canopy in a hemiboreal forest: Impacts of floods and droughts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Thomas Schindler ◽  
Kateřina Macháčová ◽  
Alisa Krasnova ◽  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Intact Soil Cores

<p>Forests are important regulators of carbon dioxide fluxes, whereas overall greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets, in particular, nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), are still largely unknown. No studies on ecosystem-level N<sub>2</sub>O budgets (soil and tree stem fluxes with eddy covariance (EC) measurements above the canopy) are found. Only a few examples are available on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from tree stems. Nevertheless, estimation of the N<sub>2</sub>O and the full GHG balance in different forest ecosystems under various environmental conditions is essential to understand their impact on climate.</p><p>During the period of August 2017 to December 2019, we measured the N<sub>2</sub>O budget of a 40-yr old hemiboreal grey alder (Alnus incana) forest stand on former agricultural land in Estonia considering fluxes from the soil, tree stems and whole ecosystem. Grey alder (Alnus incana) is a fast-growing tree species typically found in riparian zones, with great potential for short-rotation forestry. Their symbiotic dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) fixation ability makes alders important for the regulation of nitrogen (N) cycle in forested areas.</p><p>We measured the N<sub>2</sub>O budget considering fluxes from the soil surface (12 automated chambers; Picarro 2508), tree stems (60 manual sampling campaigns from 12 model trees with chambers at 0.1, 0.8 and 1.7 m; gas chromatographic analysis in lab) and whole ecosystem (EC technique: Aerodyne TILDAS). Simultaneously, soil water level, temperature and moisture were measured automatically, and composite soil samples were taken for physico-chemical analysis. Potential N<sub>2</sub> flux in intact soil cores was measured in the lab using the He-O incubation method.</p><p>Average N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from the soil and tree stems varied from 1.2 to 3.0 and 0.01 to 0.03 kg N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>–1</sup> yr<sup>–1</sup>, respectively, being the highest during the wet periods, peaking during the freezing-thawing, and being the lowest in dry periods. The average annual potential N<sub>2</sub> flux in the soil was 140 kg N<sub>2</sub> ha<sup>–1</sup> yr<sup>–1</sup> which made the average N<sub>2</sub>:N<sub>2</sub>O-N ratio in the soil about 60. According to the EC measurements, the forest was a net annual source of N<sub>2</sub>O (3.4 kg N<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>–1</sup>). Thus, the main gaseous nitrogen flux in this forest was N<sub>2</sub> emission. Our carbon (C) budget showed that the forest was a significant net annual C sink.</p><p>Results of our long-term study underline the high N and C buffering capacity of riparian alder forests. For better understanding of C and nutrient budgets of riparian forests, we need long-term, high-frequency measurements of N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from the soil and tree stems in combination with ecosystem-level EC measurements. The identification of microorganisms and biogeochemical pathways associated with N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption is another future challenge.</p>

scholarly journals Energy and climate benefits of bioelectricity from low-input short rotation woody crops on agricultural land over a two-year rotation

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Njakou Djomo ◽  
O. El Kasmioui ◽  
T. De Groote ◽  
L.S. Broeckx ◽  
M.S. Verlinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Woody Crops ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Short Rotation Woody Crops ◽  
Short Rotation

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Importance Of Associated Plant Species In Short Rotation Coppice Plantations

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Michal Beniak ◽  
Michal Žabka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Toxic Potential

Abstract Many ecosystem services do not pass through markets. Therefore, the benefits which ecosystems provide to society are largely unrecorded. Fast-growing woody crops represent a quite new and still insufficiently explored ecosystem of agricultural land which has a potential to provide several utility functions. It may contribute to satisfaction of human needs and may enhance regional health. The goal of this paper was to detect the socio-economic importance of associated spontaneous vegetation in plantations of the energy crops (hybrids of the genera Salix) and to compare it with the socio-economic importance of adjacent permanently cultivated agricultural field. There was examined the therapeutic, melliferous, feed, allergenic and toxic potential of undergrowth for each experimental plot inside the SRC plantations. The research was carried out on the agricultural land formerly used for growing cereals and root crops – the research base Kolíňany. Our results showed that energy plantation understoreys can be assumed to be the better option for contribution to the total socio-economic value of a region than agricultural fields.

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