scholarly journals The transformation of a Norway spruce dominated landscape since pre-industrial times in northern Sweden: the influence of modern forest management on forest structure

Silva Fennica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hellberg ◽  
Torbjörn Josefsson ◽  
Lars Östlund
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Northern Sweden

Is the END (emulation of natural disturbance) a new beginning? A critical analysis of the use of fire regimes as the basis of forest ecosystem management with examples from the Canadian western Cordillera

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Mike Flannigan ◽  
Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Management Actions

As our view of disturbances such as wildfire has shifted from prevention to recognizing their ecological necessity, so too forest management has evolved from timber-focused even-aged management to more holistic paradigms like ecosystem-based management. Emulation of natural disturbance (END) is a variant of ecosystem management that recognizes the importance of disturbance for maintaining ecological integrity. For END to be a successful model for forest management we need to describe disturbance regimes and implement management actions that emulate them, in turn achieving our objectives for forest structure and function. We review the different components of fire regimes (cause, frequency, extent, timing, and magnitude), we describe low-, mixed-, and high-severity fire regimes, and we discuss key issues related to describing these regimes. When characterizing fire regimes, different methods and spatial and temporal extents result in wide variation of estimates for different fire regime components. Comparing studies is difficult as few measure the same components; some methods are based on the assumption of a high-severity fire regime and are not suited to detecting mixed- or low-severity regimes, which are critical to END management, as this would affect retention in harvested areas. We outline some difficulties with using fire regimes as coarse filters for forest management, including (i) not fully understanding the interactions between fire and other disturbance agents, (ii) assuming that fire is strictly an exogenous disturbance agent that exerts top-down control of forest structure while ignoring numerous endogenous and bottom-up feedbacks on fire effects, and (iii) assuming by only replicating natural disturbance patterns we preserve ecological processes and vital ecosystem components. Even with a good understanding of a fire regime, we would still be challenged with choosing the temporal and spatial scope for the disturbance regime we are trying to emulate. We cannot yet define forest conditions that will arise from variations in disturbance regime; this then limits our ability to implement management actions that will achieve those conditions. We end by highlighting some important knowledge gaps about fire regimes and how the END model could be strengthened to achieve a more sustainable form of forest management.

scholarly journals Effect of forest structure and health on the relative surface temperature captured by airborne thermal imagery – Case study in Norway Spruce-dominated stands in Southern Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Junttila ◽  
Mikko Vastaranta ◽  
Jarno Hämäläinen ◽  
Petri Latva-käyrä ◽  
Markus Holopainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Thermal Imagery

scholarly journals Fire and age structure of Scots pine and Norway spruce in northern Sweden during the past 700 years

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLA ENGELMARK ◽  
LEIF KULLMAN ◽  
YVES BERGERON
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Genetic status of Norway spruce (Picea abies) breeding populations for northern Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Androsiuk ◽  
A. Shimono ◽  
J. Westin ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
A. Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Multilocus Genotype ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Ssr Loci

AbstractEfficient use of any breeding resources requires a good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials for predicting the gain and diversity in future generations. This study evaluates the distribution of genetic variation and level of relatedness among and within nine breeding populations of Norway spruce for Northern Sweden using nuclear microsatellite markers. A sample set of 456 individuals selected from 140 stands were genotyped with 15 SSR loci. Over all loci each individual was identified with unique multilocus genotype. High genetic diversity (average He=0.820) and low population differentiation (FST=0.0087) characterized this material. Although low in FST, the two northernmost populations were clustered as a distinct group diverged from the central populations. The population differentiation pattern corresponds well with the post glacial migration history of Norway spruce and the current gene flow and human activity in the region. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.084 after removal loci with high frequency of null alleles. The estimated relatedness of the trees gathered in the breeding populations was very low (average kinship coefficient 0.0077) and not structured. The high genetic variation and low and not structured relatedness between individuals found in the breeding populations confirm that the Norway spruce breeding stock for northern Sweden represent valuable genetic resources for both long-term breeding and conservation programs.

Development Trends in Swedish Silviculture and Some Comparisons with European Countries

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Eric Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Silvicultural Practice ◽  
Humus Accumulation

This paper is mainly concerned with progress in silvicultural practice in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries. Reference is made to a forestry act which has been in force in Sweden since the beginning of the century and which has led to an over-emphasis on the thinning of older crops in preference to final felling. At the same time labour shortages and other factors have caused a neglect of thinning in younger crops.The small farm-forest units which are common in Scandinavia are now seen as a special problem in achieving rationalization of forest management. Co-operation to achieve larger management units is considered important.Although increasing emphasis is being placed on artificial regeneration, some 50% of Swedish forests are still being regenerated by means of seed trees. In future, intensive methods of artificial regeneration are expected to be concentrated in forests with a high productive potential. The availability of better quality planting stock has also made it possible to plant smaller numbers of trees per acre and still achieve satisfactory results.Prescribed burning is no longer considered advantageous except in areas of thick humus accumulation in Northern Sweden and to dispose of logging waste. Extensive trials are also being carried out with new types of ploughs and planting machines.

scholarly journals Männi-, kuuse- ja kasepuistute majandamise tasuvus lühikese raieringi korral / Profitability analysis of short rotations in Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch stands

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henn Korjus ◽  
Priit Põllumäe ◽  
Siim Rool
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rotation Length ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Optimal Rotation

Abstract. Estonian forest management is based traditionally on long rotations. Recent trends in wood industry and wood consumption promote also production of small-size timber for bioenergy and timber products. This opens a discussion about shorter rotations and intensive forest management again in Estonia. In current study, profitability of Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch stand management on fertile soils was analyzed according to three different rotation lengths: traditional long rotation, short rotation and economically optimal rotation according Finnish TAPIO rules. Stand simulation software MOTTI was used to simulate and optimize forest growth and management. Simulation results were compared with actual data on forest growth and yield in Estonia. Economically optimal rotations were for Scots pine stand 58 years, Norway spruce stand 53 years and silver birch stand 41 years. Short and optimal rotation length enable 5.9-6.5% profitability for forest owner, traditional long rotation length enables 4.8-5.4% profitability. Rotation forestry is challenging task. Based on our analysis, it is likely that applied practices can intensify wood production and reduce forest management risks. However, theoretical approach is not enough for assessing practical feasibility of short rotations. Thus further studies and experiments are needed for careful analysis and recommendations

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