scholarly journals Effects of precommercial thinning strategies on stand structure and growth in a mixed even-aged stand of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch in southern Sweden

Silva Fennica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Fahlvik ◽  
Per Magnus Ekö ◽  
Nils Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Precommercial Thinning

scholarly journals Estimation of crown and canopy cover from airborne lidar data

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mait Lang
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Metsa katvuse ja liituse hindamine lennukilt laserskanneriga Tests were carried out in mature Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver birch stands at Järvselja, Estonia, to estimate canopy cover (K) and crown cover (L) from airborne lidar data. Independent estimates Kc and Lc for K and L were calculated from the Cajanus tube readings made on the ground at 1.3 m height. Lidar data based cover estimates depended on the inclusion of different order returns significantly. In all the stands first order return based estimate K1 was biased positively (3-10%) at the reference height of 1.3 m compared to ground measurements. All lidar based estimates decreased with increasing the reference height. Single return (Ky) and all return (Kk) based canopy cover estimates depended more on the sand structure compared to K1. The ratio of all return count to the first return count D behaved like crown cover estimate in all stands. However, in spruce stand D understimated Lc significantly. In the Scots pine stand K1(1.3) = 0.7431 was most similar canopy cover estimate relative to the ground estimate Kc = 0,7362 whereas Ky(1.3) and Kk(1.3) gave significant underestimates (>15%) of K. Caused by the simple structure of Scots pine stand - only one layer pine trees, the Cajanus tube based canopy cover (Kc), crown cover (Lc) and lidar data based canopy density D(1.3) values were rather similar. In the Norway spruce stand and in the Silver birch stand second layer and regeneration trees were present. In the Silver birch stand Kk(1.3) and Ky(1.3) estimated Kc rather well. In the Norway spruce stand Ky(1.3) and K1(1.3) were the best estimators of Kc whereas Kk(1.3) underestimated canopy cover. Lidar data were found to be usable for canopy cover and crown cover assessment but the selection of the estimator is not trivial and depends on the stand structure.

scholarly journals Consequences for bird diversity from a decrease in a foundation species—replacing Scots pine stands with Norway spruce in southern Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matts Lindbladh ◽  
Lisa Petersson ◽  
Per-Ola Hedwall ◽  
Renats Trubins ◽  
Emma Holmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Natural regeneration of Norway spruce, Scots pine and birch under Norway spruce shelterwoods of varying densities on a mesic-dry site in southern Sweden

2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Pelle Gemmel ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Matts Karlsson ◽  
Torkel Welander
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Southern Sweden

scholarly journals Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in wind-throw areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Milan Barna ◽  
Angel Ferezliev ◽  
Hristo Tsakov ◽  
Ivan Mihál
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Lignicolous Fungi ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Stand Structure

AbstractWe investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.

The accuracy of estimating individual tree variables with airborne laser scanning in a boreal nature reserve

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maltamo ◽  
K Mustonen ◽  
J Hyyppä ◽  
J Pitkänen ◽  
X Yu
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Pine Trees

This study examines the ability of high-density laser scanning to produce single-tree estimates in mixed stands of heterogeneous structure. Individual trees were detected from a constructed digital canopy height model by locating local maxima of the height values. The reference material comprised accurately measured field data for 10 mapped sample plots containing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and different birches. To verify the accuracy of height measurements of single trees in more detail, the height of 29 Scots pine trees and their annual shoots of the last few years was carefully measured with a tacheometer and a glass fibre rod. The considered variables were the proportion of detected trees and tree height. As more than 80% of the dominant trees were detected, the results indicated that laser scanning can accurately describe the trees of the dominant tree layer. Because of the dense understorey tree layer in most of the sample plots, about 40% of all trees were detected. On the plot level, the stand structure affected the accuracy of the results considerably. The scanning-based tree height was most accurate for Norway spruce and least accurate for birches. The height of the separately measured 29 Scots pine trees was obtained with an accuracy of ±50 cm or better.

scholarly journals Modeling early height growth in trials of genetically improved Norway spruce and Scots pine in southern Sweden

Silva Fennica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Egbäck ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
Kenneth Nyström ◽  
Karl-Anders Högberg ◽  
Nils Fahlvik
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Genetically Improved

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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