scholarly journals Nutrient loading of Norway spruce seedlings hastens bud burst and enhances root growth after outplanting

Silva Fennica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Luoranen ◽  
Risto Rikala
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Bud Burst

scholarly journals Anatomy and morphology in developing vegetative buds on detached Norway spruce branches in controlled conditions before bud burst

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sutinen ◽  
J. Partanen ◽  
A. Vihera-Aarnio ◽  
R. Hakkinen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Buds

Bud burst in Norway spruce (Picea abies): preliminary evidence for age-specific rest patterns

Trees ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Partanen ◽  
Heikki H�nninen ◽  
Risto H�kkinen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Bud Burst

scholarly journals Early root growth and architecture of fast- and slow-growing Norway spruce (Picea abies) families differ—potential for functional adaptation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Hamberg ◽  
Sannakajsa M Velmala ◽  
Risto Sievänen ◽  
Tuomo Kalliokoski ◽  
Taina Pennanen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Slow Growing

scholarly journals Root and shoot phenology and root longevity of Norway spruce saplings grown at different soil temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1452
Author(s):  
Jouni Kilpeläinen ◽  
Timo Domisch ◽  
Tarja Lehto ◽  
Leena Finér ◽  
Pedro J. Aphalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Shoot Phenology

Tree roots comprise a huge carbon pool. Their dynamics are driven by environmental factors and thereby affected by climate change. We studied the effects of soil temperature on root and shoot phenology and their linkages in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Saplings were grown in controlled-environment rooms for three simulated growing seasons (GS1, GS2, and GS3). Soil-temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18, and 21 °C were applied during GS2. Root growth was monitored with minirhizotrons and commenced in all treatments simultaneously. Temporal growth patterns of short and long roots were usually bimodal. Root growth was very low during the coldest treatment of GS2 but increased during GS3 as an aftereffect. During GS3, growth of short roots continued later after colder treatments than warmer treatments. Reduced sink strength of roots and increased carbohydrate accumulation into needles at 9 °C during GS2 probably enabled compensatory root growth under restored temperatures during GS3. Soil temperature did not affect shoot phenology, and root and shoot phenology varied between growing seasons; thus, the linkage of root and shoot phenology was inconsistent. In warmer soil, root longevity was shorter and turnover rate was higher than in colder soil. This can further affect soil carbon dynamics and ecosystem carbon cycling in boreal forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals The epigenetic memory of temperature during embryogenesis modifies the expression of bud burst-related genes in Norway spruce epitypes

Planta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Igor Yakovlev ◽  
Marcos Viejo ◽  
Jorunn E. Olsen ◽  
Carl Gunnar Fossdal
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Epigenetic Memory

Managing nutrient regimes improves seedling root-growth potential of framework banksia-woodland species

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Griffiths ◽  
Jason C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Nursery Production

Limited success of restoring framework banksia-woodland species has been attributed to the failure of seedlings to establish deep root systems before the onset of the summer drought. The present glasshouse study investigated how optimising nutrient application during nursery production may increase new-root production after outplanting. Two experimental streams were established to (1) optimise nutrient application rates during nursery production and (2) utilise nutrient-loading techniques to improve root production of Banksia menziesii R.Br., Banksia attenuata R.Br. and Eucalyptus todtiana F.Muell after outplanting. Optimal nutrient-application rates were determined by measuring plant growth and internal nutrient responses to eight application levels of slow-release fertiliser (0–18 kg m–3, nitrogen (N) : phosphorus (P) : potassium (K) = 17 : 1.6 : 8.7). Nutrient-loading treatments utilised seedlings that had been grown under common industry fertiliser conditions (3 kg m–3 native Osmocote, N : P : K = 17 : 1.6 : 8.7) supplied with ‘low’ or ‘high’ loading doses of liquid Thrive continuously over 6 weeks, immediately before outplanting. Seedlings from both experiments were then outplanted to 1-m-deep poly-pipe tubes containing habitat soil. After 12 weeks, plants were harvested and new-root production and shoot growth were measured. Optimal concentrations of slow-release fertiliser for maximum outplanting success as indicated by increased root investment (root : shoot ratio and new-root production) were 8–12 kg m–3 for all species. Nutrient loading increased N and P concentrations of plants by up to 80% and 127%, respectively, by luxury nutrient consumption, and after planting, nutrient-loaded seedlings produced 1.5-fold the biomass of conventionally fertilised seedlings, this being the result of greater root productivity. In conclusion, optimising nursery nutrient regimes for framework species may increase root-growth potential, assisting in improving plant establishment in restoration programs.

Rest break in Norway spruce seedlings: test of a dynamic temperature response hypothesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hänninen ◽  
Riitta Backman
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dynamic Temperature ◽  
Rest Break ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Further Development

A hypothesis concerning a dynamic temperature response of rate of rest break was tested using a chilling experiment with three northern provenances of 2-year-old seedlings of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.). According to the hypothesis, (i) within-population variation exists in the higher threshold for the rest-breaking temperature range and (ii) the higher threshold shifts towards lower temperatures as a result of chilling. The hypothesis was supported by experimental results. The results also indicated that at the beginning of the chilling period the higher threshold is a few degrees above 10 °C in the examined seedling populations. Two conventional theories about the rest period of the trees were unable to explain the observed results. The results facilitate further development of simulation models of rest break and bud burst of the trees.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Light Quality during Day Extension and Temperature on Bud Set, Bud Burst and PaFTL2, PaCOL1-2 and PaSOC1 Expression in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Camilo Chiang ◽  
Marcos Viejo ◽  
Oda Toresdatter Aas ◽  
Katharina T. Hobrak ◽  
Christian Bianchi Strømme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Lower Temperature

Light and temperature are crucial factors for the annual growth rhythm of tree seedlings of the boreal and temperate zone. Dormant, vegetative winter buds are formed under short days (SD) and altered light quality. In the conifer Norway spruce, expression of FTL2 increases and PaCOL1-2 and PaSOC1 decrease under light regimes, inducing bud set. Although temperature is known to modulate the timing of bud set, information about combined effects of light climate and temperature on bud phenology and gene expression is limited. We studied the interactive effects of temperature (18, 22/24 °C) and day extension with blue (B), red (R) or far-red (FR) light or different R:FR ratios compared to SD on growth–dormancy cycling and expression of FTL2, PaCOL1-2 and PaSOC1 in Norway spruce seedlings. Day-extension with B light and all treatments involving FR light sustained shoot elongation, with increased growth at higher temperature. The R light treatment resulted in delayed/prevented bud set compared to SD, with more delay/prevented bud set at 24 °C than 18 °C. This was associated with lower PaFTL2-transcript levels at 24 °C and more rapid subsequent bud burst. For the growth-sustaining treatments (long days, FR and B light), the PaFTL2-transcript levels were generally lower and those of PaCO1-2 and PaSOC1 higher compared with SD and R light. In conclusion, our results demonstrate more reduced/prevented bud set and faster bud burst with increased temperature under day extension with R light, indicating less deep dormancy than at lower temperature. Also, sustained shoot elongation under the B light treatment (27 µmol m−2 s−1) in contrast to the lower B light-irradiances tested previously (≤13 µmol m−2 s−1), demonstrates an irradiance-dependent effect of day extension with B light.

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