scholarly journals Effect of soil preparation of boreal spruce forest on air and soil temperature conditions in forest regeneration areas

1994 ◽  
Vol 0 (244) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Kubin ◽  
Lauri Kemppainen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Soil Preparation

scholarly journals Environmental factors regulating winter CO<sub>2</sub> flux in snow-covered boreal forest soil, interior Alaska

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
Y. Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Interior Alaska

Abstract. Winter CO2 flux is an important element to assess when estimating the annual carbon budget on regional and global scales. However, winter observation frequency is limited due to the extreme cold weather in sub-Arctic and Arctic ecosystems. In this study, the continuous monitoring of winter CO2 flux in black spruce forest soil of interior Alaska was performed using NDIR CO2 sensors at 10, 20, and 30 cm above the soil surface during the snow-covered period (DOY 357 to 466) of 2006/2007. The atmospheric pressure was divided into four phases: >1000 hPa (HP: high pressure); 985<P<1000 (IP: intermediate pressure); <986 hPa (LP: low pressure); and a snow-melting period (MP); for the quantification of the effect of the environmental factors determining winter CO2 flux. The winter CO2 fluxes were 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.02, 0.25 ± 0.03, and 0.17 ± 0.02 gCO2-C/m2 d−1 for the HP, IP, LP, and MP phases, respectively. Wintertime CO2 emission represents 20 % of the annual CO2 emissions in this boreal black spruce forest soil. Atmospheric temperature, pressure, and soil temperature correlate at levels of 56, 25, and 31 % to winter CO2 flux, respectively, during the snow-covered period of 2006/2007, when snow depth experienced one of its lowest totals of the past 80 years. Atmospheric temperature and soil temperature at 5 cm depth, modulated by atmospheric pressure, were found to be significant factors in determining winter CO2 emission and fluctuation in snowpack. Regional/global process-based carbon cycle models should be reassessed to account for the effect of winter CO2 emissions, regulated by temperature and soil latent-heat flux, in the snow-covered soils of Arctic and sub-Arctic terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere.

scholarly journals Earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Švarc ◽  
E. Kula
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Soil Preparation

Assemblages of earthworms were evaluated in spruce and beech stands in the Kienhaida Nature Reserve (Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts., Czech Republic) and its immediate surroundings, where site conditions were modified by the soil preparation for forest regeneration. The beech stands of the reserve showed low diversity but higher earthworm abundance than did the spruce stands, which in turn showed the lowest Lumbricidae abundance (18 individuals&middot;m<sup>&ndash;2</sup>). The highest abundance of earthworms (124 individuals&middot;m<sup>&ndash;2</sup>) was found in the soil of mounds created 30 years prior to sampling from the organic soil of the A<sub>h</sub> horizon. The highest species diversity and low abundance were characteristic of areas between the mounds, the soil surface of which was greatly disturbed after removal of the A<sub>h</sub> horizon to create those mounds. The degree to which the reforested clear-cuts created due to air pollution were overgrown with weeds contributed positively to the diversity and abundance of Lumbricidae.

FOREST REGENERATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT BY ASTA SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlis DUMINS ◽  
Toms STALS ◽  
Dagnija LAZDINA
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Micro Topography

In Latvia one third of the total forest area is regenerated by planting tree seedlings and therefore it is important to choose the appropriate soil preparation method and the right type of regeneration material for each forest type. Usually the success of afforestation is evaluated by how high is the average seedling survival rate and growth parameters like height, annual increment, diameter at breast height while the location of the seedling is disregarded. This may be of great importance since in such stands the environmental conditions typically are not entirely homogenous. Micro topography differences impact seedling growth, because it modifies water regime, temperature, micronutrient availability, sun radiation and other factors. Therefore, aim of this work is to improve monitoring methods and determine the most efficient soil preparation and seedling preparation combination to improve the quality of forest regeneration. That could be done using ASTA documentation system originally developed to show seedling and mound location and density in planting area during mechanic planting. But it also allows to link the precise location of the seedling and growing conditions with its growing rate and survival and therefore it is easier to exclude seedlings that are affected by other factors than those that you are interested in, so you can gain more representative results. This also could be used in forest management. When using ASTA system it is also possible to display how different tree disease are distributed in the stand, if they have spread eventually or localized only in some parts of the stand, also it can be used for browsing and other tree damage monitoring in the stand. In conclusion: in harsh environmental conditions on unprepared forest soil and soil prepared in furrows made by disc trench larger seedlings show better survival rate. Survival of seedlings is significantly impacted by micro topography, whereas mounded micro sites equalize local environmental conditions that reduce impact of micro topography.

Root cold hardiness and native distribution of subalpine conifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 932-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Coleman ◽  
Thomas M. Hinckley ◽  
Geoffrey McNaughton ◽  
Barbara A. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Root and needle cold hardiness were compared in seedlings of subalpine conifers to determine if differences existed among species originating from either cold continental climates or mild maritime climates. Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Carr. and Tsugamertensiana (Bong.) Carr. are exclusively distributed in maritime environments, while Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. and Pinuscontorta Dougl. are more generally distributed in both continental and maritime environments. Because of the differing winter soil conditions of these two climatic types, special emphasis was placed on root cold hardiness. Cold hardiness for root samples, as measured by a decrease in the electrolyte leakage, was much greater for A. amabilis and A. lasiocarpa than for P. contorta and T. mertensiana (−11.4, −11.5, −7.5, and −7.5 °C, respectively). Thus, subalpine conifer species distribution was not found to be influenced by root cold hardiness. Root cold hardiness of field-grown seedlings paralleled changes in soil temperature through February. Under constant temperature conditions (3 °C) the maximum cold hardiness achieved in 6 weeks was not subsequently maintained in A. amabilis and A. lasiocarpa. Injury in unhardened roots was coincident with bulk freezing, whereas hardened roots were able to tolerate bulk freezing. Needles had more than three times the level of cold hardiness of roots when measured in December, All species except P. contorta reached needle cold hardiness levels below −40 °C.

Forest management practices in reduction of damage caused by Pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) and Cervidae animals in newly planted Scots pine forests.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kārlis Dūmiņš ◽  
Sigita Timma ◽  
Dagnija Lazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Forest Management Practices ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Soil Preparation

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words&lt;/strong&gt;: forest regeneration, Conniflex, Trico, mechanical site preparation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Forest regeneration is crucial stage in commercial forest management because actions during this stage impact future forest productivity and value. Scots pine is one of the main tree species in forestry of the northern part of Europe. Foresters have to overcome different risk factors during regeneration process and two of them are seedling damage by Pine weevil (&lt;em&gt;Hylobius abietis&lt;/em&gt; L) and browsing by herbivores of &lt;em&gt;Cervidae&lt;/em&gt; family. Pine weevil is one of the main forest pests in Europe that damage regenerated coniferous stands. Damage caused by this pest can produce 70% mortality of planted seedlings. Another significant risk factor is browsing. With increase of deer &lt;em&gt;(Cervidae)&lt;/em&gt; population the damaged forest area also increases to the extent that foresters choose other tree species for regeneration. The mitigation of these risks is possible with appliance of forest management practices. &amp;#160;There are used different repelents against Cervidae animals. &amp;#160;Regarding Pine weevil, due to restrictions on insecticide use in EU, different protective coating materials have been developed, and several studies show that soil preparation before planting reduce amount of damaged Pine seedlings and increase possibility of successful regeneration. &amp;#160;We evaluated if and how forest management methods - soil preparation techniques (spot mounding, disc trenching) in combination with different plant protection products (Conniflex, Trico) - affects the degree of damage caused by pine weevil and &lt;em&gt;Cervidae&lt;/em&gt; animals to Scots pine seedlings one and two years after outplanting in four forest stands in Latvia. The results from this study shows that application of Conniflex reduce number of damaged trees by 16.8% first and 20.3% second year after outplanting compared to untreated seedlings. Soil preparation has significant impact on reduction of pine weevil damage. The best results have been achieved by planting with Conniflex treated seedlings on spot mounds (2.4% damaged trees compared to 48.9% in unprepared soil without treatment). Repellent Trico do not provide additional protection against Pine weevil and do not have long term protection effect against browsing. Overall conclusion is that combination of soil preparation and use of appropriate coating material (Conniflex) can provide sufficient protection without usage of insecticides, and Trico has to be applied before winter season to achieve effect of protection.&lt;/p&gt;

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