scholarly journals Ronald Inglehart, Changing Human Beliefs and Values, 1981-2007. A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Based on the World Values Survey and European Values Studies, México, Siglo XXI editores, 2010, 263 páginas

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Helena ROVNER
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values

كتاب التطور الثقافي: تغير دوافع الشعوب وإعادة تشكيل العالم Book :Cultural Development: Changing peoples' motivations and reshaping the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (first) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Variable ◽  
European Values ◽  
Field Database ◽  
Second World

يعرف هذا الكتاب القارئ بنظرية التحديث التطورية Evolutionary Modernization Theory لرونالد إنجلهارت التي تنبثق عنها مجموعة من الفروض يقوم صاحب النظرية باختبارها مستخدماً قاعدة بيانات ميدانية فريدة من نوعها تم جمعها من مسح القيم العالمي World Values Survey ومسح القيم الأوربية European Values Survey ما بين عامي 1981 و 2014. ويُعد هذا الكتاب امتداداً للفكر الاجتماعي-السياسي والفكر الاقتصادي-التنموي الذي ظهر بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية متمثلاً في نظريات التحديث والتغير الثقافي، ويتبنى المؤلف النظرة الكونية لخريطة العالم الثقافية ويبرز أولوية المتغير الثقافي على وجه التحديد. و تم تصميم هذا الكتاب على نحو يساعد القارئ على تفهم كيف تتغير قيم الناس وأهدافهم، وكيف يؤدي ذلك إلى تغيير العالم. This book is known as Ronald Engelhart’s Evolutionary Modernization Theory, which gives rise to a set of hypotheses that the theory owner tests using a unique field database collected from the World Values ​​Survey and the European Values ​​Survey between 1981 and 2014. This book is an extension of the socio-political and economic-developmental ideas that emerged after the Second World War represented in theories of modernization and cultural change, and the author adopts the global view of the cultural map of the world and highlights the priority of the cultural variable specifically. This book is designed to help the reader understand how people’s values ​​and goals change, and how this changes the world

scholarly journals Understanding the Moral Attitudes Scale in International Surveys: an Exploratory Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Remizova ◽  
Maksim Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
Precise Measure ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Female Homosexuality ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Several large international surveys, including the World Values Survey and the European Values Study, have been using the moral attitudes scale (MAS) to measure individual and country differences for decades. However, the validity of the instrument has been barely assessed. The current study addressed the concurrent and content validity of four popular MAS items (justifiability of homosexuality, suicide, prostitution, and euthanasia). A sample of 493 Russians completed both MAS and the four validated multi-item scales. Results demonstrated that, except for the homosexuality item, the MAS items had low concurrent validity, explaining less than 50% of the variance of the corresponding multi-item scales. The MAS items underestimated the justifiability of homosexuality, prostitution, and suicide, and overestimated the justifiability of euthanasia. The MAS homosexuality item appeared to be a precise measure of attitude towards male (but not female) homosexuality, responses to the prostitution and suicide items overlooked the positive arguments and the euthanasia item tapped more into attitudes towards active euthanasia of a dying person. The four items showed strong dependence on the overall justifiability. We conclude that separate MAS items should be used with caution, given the detected content bias and the items’ strong link to non-specific overall justifiability.

scholarly journals Is Religion Always an Authoritarian Pursuit? Individual and Contextual Moderators of the Relationship Between Authoritarianism and Religiosity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Federico ◽  
Rafael Aguilera ◽  
Hui Bai
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Moderators

Social scientists have devoted much attention to explaining individual and contextual variation in religiosity. Among other things, research suggests that authoritarianism is reliably associated with greater religiosity, whereas education and human development are associated with less religiosity. In this study, we explore the possibility that the relationship between authoritarianism and various indices of religiosity may be stronger in the presence of greater educational attainment and living in a society with a higher level of human development, even though the latter two variables are often thought to reduce religiosity: Using two large cross-cultural datasets from the World Values Survey, we find evidence that authoritarianism is more strongly associated with religious involvement and practice among individuals at higher levels of education and individuals living in societies with higher level of human development. In doing so, we demonstrate that the connection between authoritarianism and religiosity is contingent on both individual-level and societal moderators.

scholarly journals Environmental harshness is associated with lower investment in collective actions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lettinga ◽  
P.O. Jacquet ◽  
J-B. André ◽  
N. Baumard ◽  
C. Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study

AbstractAlthough humans cooperate universally, there is variability across individuals, times and cultures in the amount of resources people invest in cooperative activities. The origins of such variability are not known but recent work highlights that variations in environmental harshness may play a key role. A growing body of experimental work in evolutionary psychology suggests that humans adapt to their specific environment by calibrating their life-history strategy. In this paper, we apply structural equation models to test the association between current and childhood environmental harshness, life-history strategy and adult cooperation in two large-scale datasets (the World Values Survey and the European Values Study). The present study replicates existing research linking a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) with a modulated reproduction-maintenance trade-off and extends these findings to the domain of collective actions. Specifically, we find that a harsher environment (both in adulthood and in childhood) is associated with decreased involvement in collective action and that this association is mediated by individuals’ life-history strategy.

scholarly journals Russian Parental Values in the international Context, 1990/1991–2017/2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Lidia Okolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
International Context ◽  
Parental Values ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study

The aim of the paper is to analyze parental values in Russia and 33 other countries, and explore how they’ve changed between 1990 and 2017–2020. Russian dynamics are shown on 7 waves, international — on 2 waves. We used a combination of data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study. We found that in 1990 the Russian value agenda in regards to children was essentially directed towards survival. By 2017–2020 certain changes had occurred: Russians no longer considered survival values to be as important (such as hard work, thrift, obedience); self-expression values (e.g., independence and imagination) became more popular; humanistic values lost much of their importance for Russians. In 33 countries humanistic values remained as popular as in 1990, while survival values seem to be less important. Russian parental values change in the same direction as do Russian personal values.

scholarly journals Measuring Value Diversity within Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk ◽  
Mariko J. Klasing
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Human Values ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
European Values ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
European Values Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diversity Research

Diversity research has shown that ethno-linguistic, religious, and genetic diversity are related to a variety of socio-economic outcomes. We complement this literature by focusing on a dimension of diversity so far ignored in diversity research for lack of data: Diversity in key human values. Using data from all available waves of the World Values Survey and the European Values Study we develop a multi-item indicator of value diversity. This measure reflects the extent to which key human values are shared among the inhabitants of a country. Our newly developed measure is available for up to 111 countries and three decades (1981-2014). We conclude by comparing our newly developed measure of value diversity with existing measures of social diversity and relating it to various indicator of socio-economic performance.

scholarly journals Do political or ethnic and historical borders affect values and beliefs more? Some evidence from Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Czeglédi
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
European Values ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
European Values Study

AbstractThe paper uses data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study on individuals in Hungary and its neighbouring countries to examine the effects of political borders on different beliefs, as opposed to that of ethnic differences or historical borders. The focus on Hungary and its neighbours is explained by the fact that parts of the Hungarian ethno-linguistic community can be found in all these countries, which makes it possible to separate the effect of culture from that of the current political community. By applying a cultural gravity model which is concerned with the differences in beliefs between all possible pairs of individuals in the sample, the paper finds that out of five areas of beliefs, it is the beliefs regarding work, markets, and democracy whose differences are robustly affected by political borders, giving some support to the approach which argues that values are shaped through the dialogue occurring within a political community.*

Islamic Culture and Democracy: Testing the 'Clash of Civilizations' Thesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Inglehart ◽  
Pippa Norris
Keyword(s):  
World Values Survey ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
European Values Survey ◽  
European Values ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn seeking to understand the root causes of the events of 9/11 many accounts have turned to Samuel P. Huntington's provocative and controversial thesis of a 'clash of civilizations', arousing strong debate. Evidence from the 1995-2001 waves of the World Values Survey/European Values Survey (WVS/EVS) allows us, for the first time, to examine an extensive body of empirical evidence relating to this debate. Comparative analysis of the beliefs and values of Islamic and non-Islamic publics in 75 societies around the globe, confirms the first claim in Huntington's thesis: culture does matter, and indeed matters a lot, so that religious legacies leave a distinct imprint on contemporary values. But Huntington is mistaken in assuming that the core clash between the West and Islamic worlds concerns democracy. The evidence suggests striking similarities in the political values held in these societies. It is true that Islamic publics differ from Western publics concerning the role of religious leadership in society, but this is not a simple dichotomous clash — many non-Islamic societies side with the Islamic ones on this issue. Moreover the Huntington thesis fails to identify the most basic cultural fault line between the West and Islam, which concerns the issues of gender equality and sexual liberalization. The cultural gulf separating Islam from the West involves Eros far more than Demos.

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