scholarly journals Downgrading among higher education graduates in Italy and France: exploring regional differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carella ◽  
Jean-François Léger
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Using Data

In France and Italy – like all the countries of the European Union – the proportion of higher education graduates in the working population has continued to increase. At the same time, the number of jobs requiring this level of education has not grown as quickly. In France and Italy, this has meant a decrease in the proportion of tertiary graduates who occupy managerial positions, and a growing share of these graduates hold jobs as middle and low ranking employees. Several studies have investigated the phenomenon of professional downgrading, focusing on its structural determinants and socio-economic implications at the national level and examining international differences. Nevertheless, only a few studies explore disparities in over-education and compare nations at the regional level. By addressing the need for a spatial approach to this subject, which is so far lacking in the scientific literature, this paper examines the downgrading of higher education graduates in Italy and France at the regional level and discusses the real occupational returns for high levels of education. Using data from the Italian and French censuses, the findings of this analysis show significant sub-regional heterogeneities regarding access to managerial positions for graduates according to the territorial unit observed.

scholarly journals Does Corruption Lead to Lower Subnational Credit Ratings? Fiscal Dependence, Market Reputation, and the Cost of Debt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Maciej Sychowiec ◽  
Monika Bauhr ◽  
Nicholas Charron
Keyword(s):  
Credit Ratings ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Sovereign Credit Ratings ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Federal Revenue ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Using Data

Abstract While studies show a consistent negative relationship between the level of corruption and range indicators of national-level economic performance, including sovereign credit ratings, we know less about the relationship between corruption and subnational credit ratings. This study suggests that federal transfers allow states with higher levels of corruption to retain good credit ratings, despite the negative economic implications of corruption more broadly, which also allows them to continue to borrow at low costs. Using data on corruption conviction in US states and credit ratings between 2001 and 2015, we show that corruption does not directly reduce credit ratings on average. We find, however, heterogeneous effects, in that there is a negative effect of corruption on credit ratings only in states that have a comparatively low level of fiscal dependence on federal transfers. This suggest that while less dependent states are punished by international assessors when seen as more corrupt, corruption does not affect the ratings of states with higher levels of fiscal dependence on federal revenue.

scholarly journals Transforming Universities for the Digital Age - Policies – Business Models – Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Szalma
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
E Learning

Higher education systems in the European Union are operating in an increasingly fast-changing and competitive environment. They have to tackle key issues dealing with massification, career guidance, cost-efficiency, international attractiveness, student mobility. At a more operational level, digital practices and technologies support the change of several aspects of higher education institutions and new players providing expertise and methodologies undermine the classical model of university as a leading knowledge producer and disseminator.Such major transformations require modern governance arrangements and dynamic leadership. As outlined in the EU Modernization Agenda of Higher Education (2011), the major bottleneck found is the staff competence and preparedness, more specifically at the institutional leadership and executive management level.The interest for e-learning is not new but contrary to the obvious interest for equipment or management, this has not been enough for e-learning to impose itself. As stated by Paul Bacsich (2011) the presence of ICT in universities is a reality but the education transformation has not yet taken place. So far, initiatives are generally focused on operational (managerial) aspects. The D-TRANSFORM project starting in 2014 and ending in 2017[1] was the first European-funded project focusing on the fundamental strategic aspects of digital innovation of Higher Education. Through leadership schools, MOOCs, guidelines and stat-of-the-art reports it helped university governing bodies to define their own digital strategies and coordinate them with public policies defined at the European/national level and to be able to plan e-education according to the university needs and profile.[1] DigiTal Resources As a New Strategic FactOr for a Renovation and Modernization in HEType: Initiative supported by the ERASMUS+(2014- 2017)Budget: 1 M$

scholarly journals An Analysis of Territorial Patterns in COVID-19 Mortality in France, Spain, Italy and the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
The Uk

This paper provides an overview of territorial patterns of COVID-19 deaths in four European countries severely affected by the pandemic, Spain, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The analysis focuses on cumulated COVID-19 mortality at the sub-regional level, following the territorial subdivision of countries adopted by the European Union. The paper builds upon a dataset with highly granular information on COVID-19 deaths assembled from various sources. The analysis shows remarkable differences in territorial patterns of COVID-19 mortality, both within and across the four countries reviewed. Results somewhat differ depending on the aspect considered (concentration of deaths or mortality rates) but, in general, Italy, France and Spain display significant territorial disparities, with selected sub-regions being disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Instead, the picture is more uniform in the UK, with comparatively lower differences across the various sub-regions. These findings suggest that analyses of COVID-19 mortality at the national level (and, sometimes, even at the regional level) may conceal major differences and therefore be of limited use, both analytically and from an operational viewpoint.

Critical Issues in Pedagogy and Research: Perspectives on Dance Education Theory and Practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Eeva Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
National Development ◽  
Dance Education ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Western World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Research Perspectives

From a Scandinavian perspective, the current scenario for dance education practice and research appears quite challenging. One great challenge seems to be preserving the basic values of democracy, equity, and access of the Nordic educational system that is being contested by neoliberal policies, much like elsewhere in the Western world. I am echoing Sue Stinson about the concerns that accountability and standardization have generated in preparing future dance teachers. The restraints seem to creep in from all directions. From the European Union and the Bologna process, higher education is affected by directives that compel us to reformulate the program goals in terms derived from Bloom's taxonomy (Bloom 1956). On the national level, increasing governmental regulations regarding higher education have altered the criteria for allocating funds, and beginning in January 2010 the whole system will drastically change toward privatization. Another significant national development is more difficult to discern but is even more disturbing.

scholarly journals Planning a multilingual database of higher education terminology

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Eszter B. Papp ◽  
Ágota Fóris
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
Official Language ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Official Languages

The paper aims to study European and Hungarian organisations and institutions that are related to the terminology of education. Then we analyse glossaries, dictionaries and databases that can be found online at the webpages of UNESCO and the European Union, and also those that contain education terminology in Hungarian (online and offline). Finally, we are going to introduce our planned database. The terminology of education is a key area at the national level and in the context of the European Union equally. There are existing word lists, glossaries and dictionaries in certain languages that contain the terminology of education in one or more languages. Our aim is to design and prepare a multilingual terminology database in the field of education terminology. The languages we plan to work with are Hungarian, English, and the official languages (Romanian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Croatian, German, Serbian, Slovenian) of the territories in the neighbouring countries where there is a substantial Hungarian minority, who attend school either in the official language of that country or in Hungarian.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF SLOVAK HIGHER TERRITORIAL UNITS IN YEARS 2009-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristína Jánošková ◽  
◽  
Barbora Jánošková ◽  
Dagmar Petrušová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita

The establishment of the regional level in Slovakia was one of the conditions for our accession to the European Union. Its real creation took place in the Slovak Republic two years before the accession to the European Community. Despite the efforts of the Cohesion Policy of the European Union to reduce regional disparities across the member states of the EU, at the regional level of the Slovak Republic, it is possible to constantly monitor differences in the development of the regions. Their elimination is the main objective of Slovak regional policy. The representatives of the national level use the European Union’s support policy to gradually reduce or eliminate the regional disparities. This policy offers the possibility of drawing financial resources from several funds. The indicator of differences in regional development is the regional gross domestic product per capita. By monitoring and analysing its evolution over several years, it is possible to see whether disparities at the regional level are being reduced or, on the contrary, are deepening. In the following article, to determine the current state of regional differences, we present the development of regional disparities of Slovak higher territorial units in 2009-2018 through monitored data on regional gross domestic product per capita at current prices.

scholarly journals Comparing Bioeconomy Potential at National vs. Regional Level Employing Input-Output Modeling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Piotr Jurga ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Stelios Rozakis
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Model ◽  
National Economies

The support of economic sectors that exploit natural bio-based resources in a particular region is an opportunity to benefit from local potentials in terms of sustainability, employment, output, and household income. Hence a relevant question emerges, namely, how can bioeconomy sectors be adequately supported? Within this context, another issue is whether the bioeconomy development strategy at a national level should be the same as that at a regional level. To address these issues, in the current study a comparison was made between the bioeconomy sectors at the country level based on the case study of Poland and one of the poorest regions in the European Union—the Lubelskie Region. A regional input–output model was built for the regional economy and compared with the national model. The bioeconomy-oriented regional input–output table was built by applying a hybrid regionalization method, combining non-survey techniques and a questionnaire survey that was carried out in companies of mixed bio-based sectors. Sectoral linkages, such as multipliers and elasticities, indicate notable differences among the bio-based sectors’ potentials of the regional and national economies. Therefore, a bioeconomy development strategy should be seen to differ at national and regional levels.

scholarly journals Comparing the Crises in Europe and Latin America: Causes, Management, Impact and Consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann ◽  
Bettina De Souza Guilherme
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the findings of the theoretical and analytical chapters, and comparatively assesses the causes of the crises, the crisis management strategies, and their impact in a selection of case studies from the national level – Greece, Portugal and Italy in Europe; and Argentina, Mexico, Brazil and Venezuela in Latin America; and the regional level – the European Union, and regional organizations and regional governance structures in Latin America such as CELAC, Unasur, Mercosur and Alba.

Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Elena Blagoeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply. The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

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