scholarly journals The European present as World history

2007 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Göran Therborn
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
World History ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
World Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Society Today

The task of analyzing European society may be approached from many angles. The one chosen here is a global comparative perspective, an effort to step outside the tempting but myopic and often misleading familiarity of inside experience. Let us look at European society today as part of world history. What does it mean to grasp the present as history? It means to look out for how the current situation is related to the past, and, above all, to the future. We shall here try to locate Europe in the history of modernity, and, secondly, in the dynamics of the world systems, systems in plural, as I shall explain later.

Camus's Absurd and the World of Melville's Confidence-Man

PMLA ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Leon F. Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Confidence Man ◽  
Ugly Duckling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In recent years, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, a difficult work and for long an unjustly neglected one, has begun to command increasingly greater critical attention and esteem. As more than one contemporary writer has noted, the verdict of the late Richard Chase in 1949, that the novel represents Melville's “second best achievement,” has served to prompt many to undertake a second reading (or at least a first) of the book. Before this time, the novel had traditionally been the one Melville readers have shied away from—as overly discursive, too rambling altogether, on the one hand, or as an unfortunate outgrowth of the author's morbidity on the other. Elizabeth Foster, in the admirably comprehensive introduction to her valuable edition of The Confidence-Man (1954), systematically traces the history of the book's reputation and observes that even with the Melville renaissance of the twenties, the work stands as the last piece of the author's fiction to be redeemed. Only lately, she comments, has it ceased to be regarded as “the ugly duckling” of Melville's creations. But recognition does not imply agreement, and it should not be thought that in the past fifteen years critics have reached any sort of unanimity on the novel's content. Since Mr. Chase's study, which approached the puzzling work as a satire on the American spirit—or, more specifically, as an attack on the liberalism of the day—and which speculated upon the novel's controlling folk and mythic figures, other critics, by now ready to assume that the book repaid careful analysis, have read the work in a variety of ways. It has been treated, among other things, as a religious allegory, as a philosophic satire on optimism, and as a Shandian comedy. One critic has conveniently summarized the prevailing situation by remarking that “the literary, philosophical, and cultural materials in this book are fused in so enigmatic a fashion that its interpreters have differed as to what the book is really about.”

Renaissance Poverty and Lazarillo's Family : The Birth of the Picaresque Genre

PMLA ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
European Society ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Literature

In the history of literature the change from the idealized worlds of the shepherd and the knight to the world of the pícaro; from arcadia and chivalry to the desolate urban landscape of misery and hunger; from romance to irony—in fact, the Copernican revolution that produced a new genre—could only have been born of an upheaval that affected men’s lives and forced educated writers to see conditions they had so far ignored. This change stemmed from an increased awareness of human misery, which the urban growth of the Renaissance had made highly visible. The genius of the Spanish author of the Lazarillo consists in his having found the literary voice for such a profound transformation of European society. The Lazarillo, of course, did not annihilate the past, but it gave artistic form to the all-pervading crisis that was destroying the basis of the traditional order.

Perspectives in the World History of Government‐ a Prolegomenon

1983 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Finer
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

‘VERY DEEP IS THE WELL OF THE PAST’, WRITES THOMAS MANN, as he begins his Tales of Jacob, ‘Might one not even call it bottomless?’ And indeed so it is if we search out the origins of government down, down, through its many levels in time until we reach only a misty shadow of what might have been some primitive society whose very existence we can but infer from artifacts, from myth and legend – and from an interpolation, unhistorical to be sure for it is mere hypothesis – from what we know of stateless societies still extant in this, our own day.

scholarly journals EVOLUTIONAL AND CREATION PARADIGMS OF THE ORIGIN OF THE WORLD: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Евгения Викторовна Алёхина
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

В статье рассмотрены возникновение и развитие противоборствующих в философской мысли креационного и эволюционного объяснений происхождения Вселенной, жизни и разума. Обращаясь к анализу двух парадигм, автор показала, что они имеют длительную историю противостояния. В наше время, как и в прошлом, эта проблема сводится к альтернативе - либо эволюция как продукт слепой случайности, либо целенаправленное творчество Высшего Разума. В последнем случае есть два варианта: ортодоксальный и модернистский - «телеологический эволюционизм». Обосновывается, что современная постнеклассическая наука все больше определяется социальными, культурными и мировоззренческими основаниями. Одной из точек пересечения трех уровней научного знания является проблема происхождения мира. Противоположные варианты её решения имеют различное соотношение собственно научного (экспериментального) и мировоззренческого аспектов. Эволюционная гипотеза с позиции диалектического материализма не смогла преодолеть редукционизм и наивный реализм механистического подхода. Наличие в указанных парадигмах аксиологического компонента в той или иной степени утверждает или отрицает смысл жизни и достоинство личности. The article examines the emergence and development of the opposing creation and evolutionary explanations of the origin of the universe, life and mind in philosophical thought. Turning to the analysis of the two paradigms, the author showed that they have a long history of opposition. In our time, as in the past, this problem boils down to an alternative - either evolution as a product of blind chance, or purposeful creativity of the Higher Reason. In the latter case, there are two options: orthodox and modernist - «teleological evolutionism». It is substantiated that modern post-non-classical science is increasingly determined by social, cultural and ideological foundations. One of the intersection points of the three levels of scientific knowledge is the problem of the Origin of the World. Opposite solutions to its solution have a different ratio of the scientific (experimental) and worldview aspects. The evolutionary hypothesis could not overcome the reductionism and naive realism of the mechanistic approach from the standpoint of dialectical materialism. The presence of an axiological component in these paradigms, to one degree or another, affirms or denies the meaning of life and the dignity of the individual.

Centennial perspectives on China’s 1911 Revolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
World History ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
China Today

Both within and beyond China, contemporary reflections on the end of two millennia of imperial rule in China frequently focus upon the failure of the new republic to form a strong state and an effective parliamentary form of representative government. For many the agenda for political change in China today is traced back to unfulfilled opportunities in the past. This presentation suggests another set of perspectives that asks what political challenges were met in order to create a state ruling almost all the territory of the former empire, a transition unusual if not unique in the world history of empires, and how the manner in which those challenges were met influences the kinds of problems and possibilities China faces a century after the end of the last dynasty.

The Franco—German Boundary of 1871

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
State System ◽  
Western State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northeastern France ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
The One ◽  
Single Boundary

In the history of wars and diplomacy in the Western state system of the past several centuries, the most important single boundary is surely that of northeastern France. Since the unification of both Germany and Italy in the last century, the one territorial problem within western Europe that has most seriously endangered the peace of Europe and the world is that of Alsace-Lorraine. While the Germans regarded the annexation of 1871 as a restoration of areas once a part of Germany, they did not return to any previously established boundary, but rather created one that was newly drawn for the purpose. What factors influenced them to place the boundary—the international boundary from 1871 to 1919—precisely where they did place it?

scholarly journals HAKIKAT PURWAKARMA DALAM TEKS SARASAMUCCAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Ni Made Indrayani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

<p><em>The Sarasamuccaya text is the essence of Asta Dasa Parwa abstracted by Bhagawan Wararuci. In the text of Sarasamuccaya there is one of the teachings of Purwakarma, Purwakarma is a deed in the past lifetime. The former act will inevitably be felt by the one who made or did the karma. Karmaphala that determines where and where the human must be lived which is certainly adjusted by the good old deeds in the life of the world. Through the description above, then the formulation of the problems discussed in this study include: 1) Sarasamuccaya text structure, 2) the concept of Purwakarma in Sarasamuccaya text, 3) The philosophical value contained in the concept of Purwakarma in Sarasamuccaya text.</em></p><p><em>The theory used in this research is the theory of hermeneutics and value terori. The hermeneutic theory refers to Ricoeur's opinion that hermeneutical understanding is based on text and utilizes the dichotomy of langue and parole and seeks to position explanations and understanding in an interpretation. Value theory refers to the opinion of Notonagoro that everything that comes from reason (ratio, mind, cipta) is the value of truth, everything that comes from the element of human feeling is the value of good that comes from the element of human will itself, something that comes from trust Or human belief in the creator is a religious value (religion). This type of research is qualitative research using batat technique (reading and recording) and literature study. This research is descriptive that emphasizes the ground of meaning or philosophy.</em></p><form><p><em>The discussion of the overview discusses the history of the Sarasamuccan text, the summary and the importance of studying the Sarasamuccan text. Discussion of the structure of the text discusses the form, structure, and teachings of Purwakarma in the Sarasamuccaya text. Discussion of the concept discusses about the concept of Purwakarma in the review of natural law, the concept of Purwakarma in the influence of Tri Guna, Purwakarma concept in the sense of previous deeds. Discussion of philosophical value discusses the value of truth, goodness value and religious value.</em></p></form>

A Defence of World History (The Prothero Lecture)

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
William H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

World history was once taken for granted as the only sensible basis for understanding the past. Christians could do no other than begin with creation and fit subsequent details into the framework of divine revelation. This ordering of the past survived into the seventeenth century as Bossuet and Walter Raleigh may remind us. But with the revival of antique letters, a different model for historical writing asserted itself that could not fit smoothly within the Christian epos. In effect, Thucydides and Tacitus challenged Augustine, presenting the history of states and their interaction as a self-contained whole. Guicciardini and Machiavelli wrote their histories accordingly, dismissing as irrelevant the world historical framework that had seemed essential to earlier believers.

Daniel’s Four Kingdoms Schema: A History of Re-writing World History

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Brennan W. Breed
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
World History ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Reception History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Daniel ◽  
Fourfold Pattern

Twice in the book of Daniel (chs. 2 and 7), a fourfold pattern summarizes the history of the world as a succession of gentile kingdoms that derive their sovereignty from Yhwh. This “four-kingdom schema” has proven to be one of the most influential time structuring devices of the past three millennia. This article uses “schema theory,” a tool developed in the modern discipline of psychology, to analyze the four-kingdoms schema. An overview of the reception history of this schema provides evidence for how and why it continues to function even in contemporary political discourse.

scholarly journals Uwagi etymologiczne w dawnych tekstach użytkowych (na przykładzie Kroniki, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego, Informacyi matematycznej Wojciecha Bystrzonowskiego i Nowych Aten Benedykta Chmielowskiego)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
Dorota Kozaryn ◽  
Agnieszka Szczaus
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of the analysis in the article are the etymological explanations presented in the old non-literary texts (i.e. the texts that function primarily outside literature, serving various practical purposes), i.e. in the sixteenth-century Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the entire world) by Marcin Bielski and in two eighteenth-century encyclopaedic texts: Informacyja matematyczna (Mathematical information) by Wojciech Bystrzonowski and Nowe Ateny (New Athens) by Benedykt Chmielowski. The review of the etymological comments allows us to take notice of their considerable substantive and formal diversity. These comments apply to both native and foreign vocabulary. On the one hand, they provide information on the origin of proper names (toponyms and anthroponyms), and on the other hand, a whole range of these etymological comments concern common names. A depth of etymological comments presented in non-literary texts is significantly diversified and independent of the nature of the vocabulary to which these comments apply – they can be merely tips on sources of borrowings of foreign words, but they can also constitute a deeper analysis of the meaning and structure of individual words, both native and foreign. These comments are usually implementations of folk etymology. The role of etymological considerations in former non-literary texts is significant. First of all, these texts have a ludic function, typical of popularised texts – they are supposed to surprise, intrigue and entertain readers. Secondly, they serve a cognitive function typical of non-literary texts – they are supposed to expand the readers’ knowledge about the world and language. Thirdly, they have a persuasive function, which is a distinctive feature of both popularised and non-literary texts – they are supposed to provoke the readers’ thoughts on the relationship between non-linguistic reality and the linguistic way of its interpretation, they also stimulate linguistic interests, which was particularly important in the past when the reflection on the native language was poor.

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