scholarly journals Seeing Migration like a State: The case of irregular Indonesian migrant workers deported from Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hari Juliawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Migration Regimes

The corridor linking Indonesia with Malaysia is particularly rife with transborder mobility, including large-scale labour migration. While irregularity has long been a major feature of these flows, much of the movement now falls under the migration regimes adopted by Malaysia and Indonesia. Long-established casual migration flows collide with recently codified norms and, as a result, oscillate between regularity and irregularity. This paper explores the following questions: How does the regulatory state view and handle undocumented migrants? How does it interact with established social networks that have facilitated irregular labour migration? Particular attention is given to the distinction between the categories of deportable criminals and victims deserving protection, as ascribed by state actors to certain groups of migrants. Based on interviews with twelve deported Florenese migrant workers, the paper discusses how the Indonesian-Malaysian migration regime seeks to shape mobility. It argues that shifting categorisations reflect political imperatives more than the migrants’ needs that prompt them to migrate in the first place. 

Turks in Europe: Migration Flows, Migrant Stocks and Demographic Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Fassmann ◽  
Ahmet İçduygu
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Turkish Immigrants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration Flows

Presented here is an overview of migration flows and demographic structures of Turks in Europe over the past 50 years. Large-scale labour migration from Turkey to Europe occurred between 1961 and 1974. After that, it gave way to family migration, which today has more or less ended. Recently, there is slightly more emigration than immigration from the European point of view. Thus, stable migrant stocks developed in the receiving countries, especially Germany, Austria, France, and the Netherlands. The migrant stocks lag in many respects behind developments in the receiving countries, yet nonetheless they slowly but surely adapt to these. Despite their low status and feelings of exclusion, most Turkish immigrants are content with their lot and do not plan to leave their new homes in Europe.

scholarly journals Labour Brokers in Migration: Understanding Historical and Contemporary Transnational Migration Regimes in Malaya/Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (S20) ◽  
pp. 225-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Times ◽  
Migration Regimes

SummaryLabour brokerage and its salient role in the mobility of workers across borders in Asia has been the subject of recent debate on the continuing usefulness of intermediaries in labour mobility and migration processes. Some researchers believe that labour brokerage will decline with the expansion of migrant networks, resulting in reduced transaction costs and a better deal for migrant workers. From an economic standpoint, however, reliance on brokers does not appear to have a “use-by date” in south-east Asia. Labour brokers have played an important role in organizing and facilitating officially authorized migration, particularly during the contemporary period. They undertake marketing and recruitment tasks, finance migrant workers’ travel, and enable transnational labour migration to take place. Consequently, both sending and destination states have been able to concentrate on their role as regulatory “agencies”, managing migration and ensuring compliance with state regulatory standards and providing labour protection. Private recruitment firms have simultaneously focused on handling the actual recruitment and placement of migrant workers. Notwithstanding this, the division of responsibilities in the migration regimes has also led to uncontrolled migration and necessitated intervention by the state during both periods. These interventions mirror the ethos of the times and are essential for understanding past and present political environments and transnational labour migration in south-east Asia.

Yemeni Irregular Migrants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Implications of Large Scale Return

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Cook ◽  
Michael Newson
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

In 2013, the Saudi government embarked on a nationwide strategy to restructure its labor market and its policies towards the recruitment of foreign workers. These changes are in line with the implementation of Saudi Arabia’s Nitaqat system which aims to better regulate foreign labor in the country and to reduce the number of irregular workers in the Kingdom. As a result of these changes in policy and implementation, there have been large-scale deportations of irregular workers—along with their family members, in some cases—from KSA beginning in mid-2013 and continuing up to the time of writing. Yemeni workers in KSA have been particularly hard hit by these policy changes due to the largely informal nature of labor migration flows that have existed between KSA and Yemen for the past few decades. This chapter explores the possible implications of the recent labor policy changes in KSA for Yemeni and host communities in KSA, as well as for returning workers, their families, and communities of origin in Yemen. The chapter concludes with several recommendations on how to effectively address the challenges these disruptions will cause and how to build new avenues to support the transnational linkages between Yemeni migrant workers in KSA and their communities in Yemen.

Soviet Socialist Stars and Neoliberal Losers: Young Labour Migrants in Moscow, 1971–1991

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-300
Author(s):  
Emily J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Group ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Temporary Labour Migration ◽  
State Actors

This article examines temporary labour migration to Moscow from 1971 to 1991, paying particular attention to relationships between state actors and young migrant workers. State officials not only provided young workers with housing and educational opportunities but also fostered Soviet socialist values among the young workers. The policies of Glasnost and Perestroika altered this relationship since state policies shifted towards embracing neoliberal practices. Such practices diminished social security for young migrants, leaving this once important social group vulnerable in a time of economic uncertainty.

Labour Migration Within India: Motivations and Social Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Selim Reja ◽  
Bhaswati Das
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Migrant Groups

Large-scale interstate labour migration within India is facilitated by the freedom of movement for citizens within this huge nation state. However, such internal labour migration within India remains largely unstudied and offers huge scope for gaining significant new knowledge. Focusing particularly on migrant construction workers from West Bengal moving to Kerala, this article specifically examines the motivations of these migrants and the role of social networks in the development of such migration streams. A field survey in Kerala indicates that Kerala’s Gulf connection and rapid demographic transition have resulted in significant reduction of local supplies of labour, thus attracting more migrants from other states in India due to better job opportunities, higher wages and good payment systems. Networks within migrant groups, especially friends’ contacts, are found to be the strongest factor in supporting this migration process.

Labour migration and its impact on employment in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
G. V. Yakshibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
External Migration

The problem of providing the most efficient and rational selection, distribution, use of migrant workers, with regard to both internal and external migration in close relation to socio-economic and demographic interests of the state are currently of particular relevance. Scientific novelty of work consists in the identification of factors and directions of flows as departing and arriving labor migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the characteristics of the development of labour migration and its impact on employment, which allowed to identify problems and negative trends.

scholarly journals Self-rated health among undocumented and newly regularized migrants in Geneva: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Fakhoury ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
Liala Consoli ◽  
Aline Duvoisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background In Europe, knowledge about the social determinants of health among undocumented migrants is scarce. The canton of Geneva, Switzerland, implemented in 2017–2018 a pilot public policy aiming at regularizing undocumented migrants. We sought to test for associations between self-rated health, proven eligibility for residence status regularization and social and economic integration. Methods This paper reports data from the first wave of the Parchemins Study, a prospective study whose aim is to investigate the effect of residence status regularization on undocumented migrants’ living conditions and health. The convenience sample included undocumented migrants living in Geneva for at least 3 years. We categorized them into those who were in the process of receiving or had just been granted a residence permit (eligible or newly regularized) and those who had not applied or were ineligible for regularization (undocumented). We conducted multivariate regression analyses to determine factors associated with better self-rated health, i.e., with excellent/very good vs. good/fair/poor self-rated health. Among these factors, measures of integration, social support and economic resources were included. Results Of the 437 participants, 202 (46%) belonged to the eligible or newly regularized group. This group reported better health more frequently than the undocumented group (44.6% versus 28.9%, p-value < .001), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for social support and economic factors (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–1.87). Overall, better health was associated with larger social networks (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.04–2.64). This association remained significant even after adjusting for health-related variables. Conclusion At the onset of the regularization program, access to regularization was not associated with better self-rated health. Policies aiming at favouring undocumented migrants’ inclusion and engagement in social networks may promote better health. Future research should investigate long-term effects of residence status regularization on self-rated health.

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