scholarly journals Role of TGF beta and myofibroblasts in supporting the propagation of human embryonic stem cells in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Prasad Pethe ◽  
Deepa Bhartiya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Tgf Beta

scholarly journals The Role of Sequential BMP Signaling in Directing Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Bipotential Gonadal Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 4303-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Sepponen ◽  
Karolina Lundin ◽  
Katri Knuus ◽  
Pia Väyrynen ◽  
Taneli Raivio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Bmp Signaling

Abstract Context Human gonads arise as a pair of epithelial ridges on the surface of intermediate mesoderm (IM)-derived mesonephros. Toxic environmental factors and mutations in various genes are known to disturb normal gonadal development, but because of a lack of suitable in vitro models, detailed studies characterizing the molecular basis of the observed defects have not been performed. Objective To establish an in vitro method for studying differentiation of bipotential gonadal progenitors by using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and to investigate the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in gonadal differentiation. Design We tested 17 protocols using activin A, CHIR-99021, and varying durations of BMP-7 and the BMP inhibitor dorsomorphin. Activation of activin A, WNT, and BMP pathways was optimized to induce differentiation. Setting Academic research laboratory. Main Outcomes Measures Cell differentiation, gene expression, and flow cytometry. Results The two most efficient protocols consistently upregulated IM markers LHX1, PAX2, and OSR1 at days 2 to 4 and bipotential gonadal markers EMX2, GATA4, WT1, and LHX9 at day 8 of culture. The outcome depended on the combination of the duration, concentration, and type of BMP activation and the length of WNT signaling. Adjusting any of the parameters substantially affected the requirements for other parameters. Conclusions We have established a reproducible protocol for directed differentiation of hESCs into bipotential gonadal cells. The protocol can be used to model early gonadal development in humans and allows further differentiation to mature gonadal somatic cells.

scholarly journals Rapid Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Testosterone-Producing Leydig Cell-Like Cells In vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Shin ◽  
Seah Park ◽  
Won Yun Choi ◽  
Dong Ryul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Molecular Compounds

Abstract Background: Leydig cells (LCs) are testicular somatic cells that are the major producers of testosterone in males. Testosterone is essential for male physiology and reproduction. Reduced testosterone levels lead to hypogonadism and are associated with diverse pathologies, such as neuronal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. LC transplantation is a promising therapy for hypogonadism; however, the number of LCs in the testis is very rare and they do not proliferate in vitro. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative source of LCs. Methods: To develop a safer, simple, and rapid strategy to generate human LC-like cells (LLCs) from stem cells, we first performed preliminary tests under different conditions for the induction of LLCs from human CD34/CD73 double positive-testis-derived stem cells (HTSCs). Based on the embryological sequence of events, we suggested a 3-step strategy for the differentiation of human ESCs into LLCs. We generated the mesendoderm in the first stage and intermediate mesoderm (IM) in the second stage and optimized the conditions for differentiation of IM into LLCs by comparing the secreted testosterone levels of each group. Results: HTSCs and human embryonic stem cells can be directly differentiated into LLCs by defined molecular compounds within a short period. Human ESC-derived LLCs can secrete testosterone and express steroidogenic markers. Conclusion: We developed a rapid and efficient protocol for the production of LLCs from stem cells using defined molecular compounds. These findings provide a new therapeutic cell source for male hypogonadism.

Nanofiber-Based in Vitro System for High Myogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 4207-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Leung ◽  
Ashleigh Cooper ◽  
Soumen Jana ◽  
Ching-Ting Tsao ◽  
Timothy A. Petrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
In Vitro System

Smooth-Muscle-Like Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Support and Augment Cord-Like Structures In Vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Vo ◽  
Donny Hanjaya-Putra ◽  
Yuanting Zha ◽  
Sravanti Kusuma ◽  
Sharon Gerecht
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem

Monocytic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and fetal liver share common differentiation pathways and homeostatic functions

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 3065-3075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Klimchenko ◽  
Antonio Di Stefano ◽  
Birgit Geoerger ◽  
Sofiane Hamidi ◽  
Paule Opolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
Monocytic Cells

Abstract The early emergence of macrophages and their large pattern of tissue distribution during development suggest that they may play a critical role in the initial steps of embryogenesis. In the present study, we show that monocytic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and from fetal liver follow a differentiation pathway different to that of adult cells, leading to specific functions. Embryonic and fetal monocytic cells differentiated from a CD14lowCD16− precursor to form CD14highCD16+ cells without producing the CD14highCD16− cell population that predominates in adult peripheral blood. Both demonstrated an enhanced expression of genes encoding tissue-degrading enzymes, chemokines, and scavenger receptors, as was previously reported for M2 macrophages. Compared with adult blood monocytes, embryonic and fetal monocytic cells secreted high amounts of proteins acting on tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and most of them expressed the Tie2 receptor. Furthermore, they promoted vascular remodeling in xenotransplanted human tumors. These findings suggest that the regulation of human fetal and embryonic monocytic cell differentiation leads to the generation of cells endowed mainly with anti-inflammatory and remodeling functions. Trophic and immunosuppressive functions of M2-polarized macrophages link fetus and tumor development, and hESCs offer a valuable experimental model for in vitro studies of mechanisms sustaining these processes.

Human embryonic stem cells rapidly take up and then clear exogenous human and animal prions in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Krejciova ◽  
Steve Pells ◽  
Enrico Cancellotti ◽  
Paz Freile ◽  
Matthew Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem
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