scholarly journals Deconstructing instructions in the art academy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Henrike Scholten ◽  
Vanessa van ‘t Hoogt
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Art Students ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Object Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
Art Academies

Drawing as a manual discipline was long taught in the West according to specific ‘academic’ principles, culminating institutionally in the art academies of the nineteenth century. This educational process was mediated by visual images and three-dimensional objects, and relied on copying as a means to acquire manual skill along with a ‘vocabulary’ of idealized forms. During the twentieth century the roles, values and practices of art changed profoundly, and consequently methods of artistic education changed as well. As symbols of a tradition overcome, in many (modernizing) art academies, instruction books, plaster casts of sculptures and écorchés were either discarded or consigned to storage rooms and libraries. In one such art school, Minerva Art Academy in Groningen (the Netherlands), a didactic experiment was undertaken in the spring semester of 2019. Art historian Vanessa van ‘t Hoogt and artist Henrike Scholten designed and taught an elective course that investigated and reflected critically on the art academy’s history. Using a historically informed, experimental and practice-based pedagogic approach, the sixteen-week course challenged 23 undergraduate art students to engage with the material and didactic heritage of the art academy. Not in a nostalgic or neo-academic fashion, but on their own terms as contemporary art students. This project report describes some aspects of the authors’ didactic approach during the course. As an investigative and sometimes performative project, it toes the line between educational action research and object-based teaching. The aim of the course was to provide art students with new tools to engage with the history of their discipline and its processes of skill acquisition in a reflective and generative way.

The Research of Collision Detection Based on OBB in Vega Prime

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2803-2808
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Wang ◽  
Xiu Cheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Collision Detection ◽  
Line Segment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Dimensional Object

Collision detection in Vega Prime is based on the simple line segment, and collision detection based on bounding box is not realized. By studying the composition of three-dimensional object based on Oriented Bounding Box (OBB), we define a collision detection class, which inherits from vpIsector. After finding out all vertices of geometry in object, we connect these vertices one by one and constitute a tend line. The trend line constitutes our bounding box based on OBB. Now, our collision detection is based on three-dimensional objects, but not the simple line segment. At the same time, we can control the efficiency of collision detection by increasing or decreasing the number of collision lines on the actual demand. Additionally, on this basis, we have made the further application. By adjusting parameter, we can get a bounding box with early warning mechanism or collision tolerance.

The history of 3D printing in healthcare

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 228-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
History Of

On 8 August 1984, Charles W ‘Chuck’ Hull filed US patent number US4575330 A, for Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography. 1 Chuck’s apparatus was, in effect, the world’s first 3D printer.

scholarly journals Modeling in AUTOCAD for bachelors

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Л.В. Карпюк ◽  
Н.О. Давіденко
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Space ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Graphic Editor

The article discusses the methods of using the AutoCad graphic editor for creating three-dimensional objects. The possibilities of three-dimensional modeling in the AutoCad graphic editor for optimizing the educational process of bachelors of technical specialties are also considered. The article analyzes the best ways to create mechanical engineering drawings.The most developed software tool for the production of design documentation is AutoCAD - a universal graphic design system. Creating models of any complexity in space by using this graphic editor, the user will be able to see their relative position, estimate the distance between them. The model can be freely moved in space, viewing many options. The ability to control the point of view allows to conveniently select the view of the 3D model that is being developed. Zooming, panning in real time with the ability to freely rotate the camera around the model provide the ability to quickly view objects from any point of view. The article provides examples of choosing the most optimal option for creating a three-dimensional model. The traditional way to create a 3D model drawing is to make 2D views of the model. When creating a flat drawing, there is a possibility of error when making projections, since they are created independently from each other and consist of several images. It is rather difficult to represent an object in space from a flat drawing. At present, modern software graphic editors are aimed at creating three-dimensional models that allow to create realistic models and, on their basis, get two-dimensional projections. Graphic editor AutoCad allows to create three-dimensional objects based on standard commands, in the form of a cylinder, cone, box, torus, etc., when editing which you can get the desired shapes. After creating a three-dimensional model, the user can get its two-dimensional projections not only on the main planes, but also on any plane at will. The 3D modeling method allows you to create a complex drawing with any number of images based on a 3D model. There are ways to create 2D plane drawings from a 3D model and the ability to edit ready-made designs that can be inserted from model space into paper space. Editing takes place by changing the parameters of a 3D object in model space, and these changes are automatically reflected in paper space. This method allows us to use the tools to quickly create a system of 3-4 linked views for a 3D AutoCad model.

Medical Illustration in the Era of Cardiac Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Constantine Mavroudis ◽  
Gary P. Lees ◽  
Rachid Idriss
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Medical Illustration ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Impact

This article reviews the collaboration between clinician and illustrator throughout the ages while highlighting the era of cardiac surgery. Historical notes are based on Professor Sanjib Kumar Ghosh’s extensive review, literature searches, and the archives of the Johns Hopkins University Department of Art as related to Medicine in Baltimore. Personal communications were explored with medical illustrators and medical practitioners, many of whom are colleagues and trainees, to further chronicle the history of medical illustration and education in the era of cardiac surgery. Medical illustrators use their talents and expressive ideas to demonstrate procedures and give them life. These methods are (1) hovering technique; (2) hidden anatomy, ghosted views, or transparency; (3) centrally focused perspective; (4) action techniques to give life to the procedure; (5) use of insets to highlight one part of the drawing; (6) human proportionality using hands or known objects to show size; and (7) step-by-step educational process to depict the stages of a procedure. Vivid examples showing these techniques are demonstrated. The result of this observational analysis underscores the importance of the collaboration between clinician and illustrator to accurately describe intricate pathoanatomy, three-dimensional interrelated anatomic detail, and complex operations. While there are few data to measure the impact of the atlas on medical education, it is an undeniable assertion that anatomical and surgical illustrations have helped to educate and train the modern-day surgeon, cardiologist, and related health-care professionals.

“Engineering and Computer Graphics” Discipline in the System of Higher Military Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. Филимонова ◽  
O. Filimonova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Air Defense ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Methods Development

In this paper features for creation of educational process in a military higher education institution when studying “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline are revealed. Military education is a part of the Russian Federation’s education system. In conditions of the Armed Forces modernization and development of new methods and ways for conduct of operations the young officers’ perfection acquires a big significance. Requirements applicable to military specialists reflect the concept of educational activity in general – possession of strong theoretical knowledge and formed practical skills at the tasks solution. The big part in the system of development for military engineering education is assigned to practical orientation of training. Future officer has to understand the processes for design, production and operation of cars and mechanisms with varying complexity, therefore be able to work with design documentation of any kind. In the course of “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline studying cadets are learned to read and carry out drawings, to develop their technical support, and also to design and model both two, and three-dimensional objects on a plane and in space. The efficiency of graphic training in a greater degree depends on educational activity’s organization. Application of education traditional forms in combination with innovative practice and methods, development of the system of didactic tools focused on increase in educational process’s intensity is the most optimal one for achievement of training maximum results. During realization of the tasks set by the state for training of competent military specialists, the educational process based on principles of personally focused training with developing orientation has been organized by “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline teachers of Military Academy of Troops Air Defense of Russian Federation Armed Forces. The developed system of didactic tools enhances the intensity and productivity of cadets’ educational activity, helps to cultivate professional qualities of future military specialists.

scholarly journals Contemporary Artistic Enamel: Stylistic and Innovative Development Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-608
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Perfilyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

Artistic enamel from the 1920s to the 2010s, has experienced a difficult path of development. In the early twentieth century, it represented a variety of techniques in regard to the artistic processing of metals. Today, it is an independent type of plastic arts, which synthesized both technical and technological innovations, as well as stylistic features of contemporary art and current artistic practices. In the history of artistic enamel several stages are clearly visible. The beginning of the process lies in the penetration of the principles of easel art into decorative art, which occurred in the first post-revolutionary decade due to the participation of leading masters of the Russian avant-garde in the creation of enamel works. During the second stage, the artists of the next generation attempted to combine the principles of easel painting with the national traditions that prevailed in the centers of folk arts and crafts. The third stage was inspired by the entry into the process of monumentalists and the active participation of Russian artists in international creative enamel symposia. In the fourth stage, the role of a structuring factor in the development of domestic enamel art was played by individual creative workshops that opened in different regions of Russia. Easel enamel of the 2010s is characterized by the multidimensionality of the artistic space, the creation of enamel works at the junction of different types of characteristics: both traditional and contemporary. These are classic “paintings”, panels and easel three-dimensional objects in which enamel is combined with other materials, but also monumental and decorative art objects and digital painting in enamel. Contemporary Russian art enamel represents an independent type of plastic arts, in which, in addition to traditional ones, there are numerous innovative author’s technical and technological techniques as well as methods of work.

Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Chu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

Creativity Class

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Chumley
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Art Students ◽  
Culture Industries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
School Entrance ◽  
Prep Schools ◽  
Entrance Test ◽  
Art Academies ◽  
Art School

The last three decades have seen a massive expansion of China's visual culture industries, from architecture and graphic design to fine art and fashion. New ideologies of creativity and creative practices have reshaped the training of a new generation of art school graduates. This is the first book to explore how Chinese art students develop, embody, and promote their own personalities and styles as they move from art school entrance test preparation, to art school, to work in the country's burgeoning culture industries. The book shows the connections between this creative explosion and the Chinese government's explicit goal of cultivating creative human capital in a new “market socialist” economy where value is produced through innovation. Drawing on years of fieldwork in China's leading art academies and art test prep schools, the book combines ethnography and oral history with analyses of contemporary avant-garde and official art, popular media, and propaganda. Examining the rise of a Chinese artistic vanguard and creative knowledge-based economy, the book sheds light on an important facet of today's China.

Formation and composition of training flax collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
L.M. Kryvosheieva ◽  
V.I. Chuchvaha ◽  
N.M. Kandyba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Aim. Based on the results of multi-year research into the flax gene pool, to form a flax training collection to provide breeding scientific organizations and educational institutions with collection samples as well as with information about the bast crop gene pool. Results and Discussion. The studies were conducted in the crop rotation fields for breeding and seed production of the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS (Hlukhiv, Sumska Oblast) in 1992-2018. The field measurements and laboratory analyses were carried out in accordance with conventional methods of field and laboratory studies of collection flax samples.The article presents the results on the formation of a training collection of flax at the Institute of Bast Crops of the NAAS, which has 117 accessions (11 botanical species and three varieties) from 22 countries. In addition to species diversity, the collection includes accessions with different levels of expression of valuable economic and biological characteristics. It also includes accessions selected by phenotypic variability of individual characters or their combinations. The multi-year research into the flax collection accessions resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest for the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine is shown, where breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems, are presented. The collection can be used as a visual aid for the plant breeding course in educational programs; in addition, it can provide starting material for scientific and educational institutions. The collection is registered with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (certificate No. 00273 dated 04/11/2019). Conclusions. The studies of accessions from the national flax collection allowed us to build up a training collection and register it with the NCPGRU. The collection represents a wide range of biological and economic features of the gene pool of this crop. The collection can be used in the educational process of educational agricultural and biological institutions. The multi-year research into the national flax collection resulted in identification of sources of highly-expressed valuable economic traits, which are of interest to the plant breeding course. The history of flax breeding in Ukraine got covered, and breeding varieties that are most widespread or were significant breeding achievements in solving certain problems are presented.

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