Bioemulsifier Production in Batch Culture Using Glucose as Carbon Source by Candida lipolytica

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie A Sarubbo ◽  
Maria Do Carmo Marçal ◽  
Maria Luisa C Neves ◽  
Maria Da Paz C Silva ◽  
Ana Lúcia F Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Candida Lipolytica

scholarly journals ß-galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces lactis in batch and continuous culture

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elaine C. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Shake Flask Culture ◽  
Lactose Hydrolysis ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Cell Lysates

Kluyveromyces sp. have adapted to existence in milk due to the evolution of permeabilisation and hydrolytic systems that allow the utilisation of lactose, the sugar most abundant in milk. Lactose hydrolysis, to equimolar units of glucose and galactose, is facilitated by a glycoside hydrolase, i.e., β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). The versatility of this enzyme allows its application in numerous industrial processes, amongst the most significant of which, is its role in the alleviation of lactose intolerance, one of the most prevalent digestive ailments, globally. In this study, β-galactosidase production by Kluyveromyces lactis UOFS y-0939 was initially optimised in shake flask culture with lactose as the sole carbon source, and thereafter, production was scaled up to batch, fedbatch and continuous culture. Shake flask studies revealed optimum conditions of 30°C, pH 7 and a 10% inoculum ratio, to be most favourable for β-galactosidase synthesis, producing a maximum of 0.35 ± 0.05 U.ml-1 when cell lysates were prepared by ultrasonication with glass beads. Batch cultivation in 28.2 and 40 g.L-1 lactose revealed that elevated levels of the carbon source was not inhibitory to β-galactosidase production, as maximum enzyme activities of 1.58 and 4.08 U.ml-1, respectively, were achieved. Cell lysates prepared by ultrasonication and homogenisation were compared and homogenised cell lysates were more than 3.5 fold higher that those prepared by ultrasonication, proving homogenisation to be the superior method for cell disruption. The lactose feed rate of 4 g.L-1.h-1 in fed-batch culture operated at ± 20.4% DO, appeared to be inhibitory to biomass production, as indicated by the lower biomass productivity in fed-batch (0.82 g.L-1.h-1) than batch culture (1.27 g.L-1.h-1). Enzyme titres, however, were favoured by the low DO levels as a maximum of 8.7 U.ml-1, 5.5 fold more than that obtained in batch culture, was achieved, and would be expected to increase proportionally with the biomass. Continuous culture operated at a dilution rate of 0.2 h-1, under strictly aerobic conditions, revealed these conditions to be inhibitory to the lactose consumption rate, however, the non-limiting lactose and high DO environment was favourable for β-galactosidase synthesis, achieving an average of 8 ± 0.9 U.ml-1 in steady state.

scholarly journals Enhanced Butanol Production byClostridium acetobutylicumNCIMB 13357 Grown on Date Fruit as Carbon Source in P2 Medium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emran I. Khamaiseh ◽  
Aidil Abdul Hamid ◽  
Peyman Abdeshahian ◽  
Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sahaid Kalil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol

The production of biobutanol was studied by the cultivation ofClostridium acetobutylicumNCIMB 13557 in P2 medium including date fruit as the sole substrate. The effect of P2 medium and the effect of different concentrations of date fruit ranging from 10 to 100 g/L on biobutanol production were investigated. Anaerobic batch culture was carried out at 35°C incubation temperature and pH 7.0 ± 0.2 for 72 h. Experimental results showed that the lowest yield of biobutanol and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) was 0.32 and 0.35 gram per gram of carbohydrate consumed (g/g), respectively, when an initial date fruit concentration of 10 g/L was utilized. At this fruit date concentration a biobutanol production value of 1.56 g/L was obtained. On the other hand, the maximum yield of biobutanol (0.48 g/g) and ABE (0.63 g/g) was produced at 50 g/L date fruit concentration with a biobutanol production value as high as 11 g/L. However, when a higher initial date fruit concentration was used, biobutanol and ABE production decreased to reach the yield of 0.22 g/g and 0.35 g/g, respectively, where 100 g/L date fruit was used. Similar results also revealed that 10.03 g/L biobutanol was produced using 100 g/L date fruit.

Fed-batch culture of hairy root using fructose as a carbon source

1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Uozumi ◽  
Katsuhito Kohketsu ◽  
Osamu Kondo ◽  
Hiroyuki Honda ◽  
Takeshi Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Fed Batch Culture

Pigments and Citrinin Biosynthesis by Fungi Belonging to Genus Monascus

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliya Pisareva ◽  
Valentin Savov ◽  
Anna Kujumdzieva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Different Strains

Citrinin is a mycotoxin, which is produced by fungi belonging to the genus Monascus, known in biotechnology as producers of azaphilone pigments. The relation between biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites was investigated in different species of the genus Monascus in batch-culture at the following cultivation conditions: T = 28 °C, agitation 220 rpm, and a medium, which induce citrinin production, containing ethanol as a carbon source. The screening was carried out with 16 fungal strains and the biosynthesis of citrinin and pigments was monitored quantitatively at the standard conditions mentioned above. Some kinetic parameters of the process have been determined. The values of the growth yield coefficient YX/C were between 0.32 and 0.57. The amount of the extracellular red and orange pigments at the end of cultivation varied for the different strains between 0.09 and 1.33 OU/ mg dry weight, and 0.15 and 0.96 OU/mg dry weight, respectively. The amount of the total pigments measured was between 0.16 and 3.6 OU/mg dry weight, and between 0.21 and 3.39 OU/mg dry weight. The determined ratio 500 nm/400 nm, characterizing the pigment production, ranged between 0.60 and 1.06. Twelve of the investigated strains produced citrinin and pigments, two of them produced only pigments. Two strains were not able to produce neither pigments nor citrinin. Thus, the biosynthesis of citrinin appeared to be strain-specific and does not correlate with the pigments’ biosynthesis by the fungal strains belonging to the genus Monascus.

Nitrogenase activity and growth of Frankia in batch and continuous culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Harris ◽  
Warwick Silvester
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Fresh Medium ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Frankia grown in batch culture was unable to maintain a high rate of nitrogenase activity and, once a peak level was reached, activity rapidly declined. Addition of 5 mM carbon source of cultures or transfer to fresh medium was followed by brief recovery of nitrogenase activity. The extent of recovery decreased as additions or transfers were made to progressively older cultures. Daily addition of fresh medium (dilution rate = 0.125 day−1) allowed Frankia to be maintained in continuous, derepressed culture with stable rates of growth and nitrogenase activity for more than 30 days. The proportion of active, mature vesicles also remained constant in continuous culture but decreased with time inbatch culture. Key words: Frankia, batch culture, continuous culture, nitrogenase activity.

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