Surgical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tarsy ◽  
Jerrold L. Vitek ◽  
Andres M. Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Movement Disorders

Pathophysiology of Basal Ganglia Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Shin Lou
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Basal Ganglia Disorders

AbstractParkinson's disease is the most common basal ganglia disorder that is caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This article reviews the normal physiology of the basal ganglia in the normal state, as well as the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders associated with the basal ganglia. Also discussed is the pathophysiological basis for the surgical treatment of PD.

Analysis of Functional and Cognitive Impairment in Institutionalized Individuals with Movement Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula D. Cebrián ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment

Background: Many neurological disorders lead to institutionalization and can be accompanied in their advanced stages by functional impairment, and progressive loss of mobility, and cognitive alterations. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between functional impairment and cognitive performance and its related subdomains in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease accompanied by motor dysfunction, and with other neurological disorders characterized by both motor and cognitive problems. Methods: All participants lived in nursing homes (Valencia, Spain) and underwent cognitive evaluation with the Mini-Mental State Examination; functional assessment of independence in activities of daily living using the Barthel score and Katz index; and assessment of mobility with the elderly mobility scale. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 82.8 ± 0.6 years, 47% of the sample included individuals with Parkinson’s disease, and 48 % of the sample presented severe cognitive impairment. Direct significant relationships were found between the level of cognitive impairment and functional capacity (p < 0.01) and mobility (p < 0.05). Among the different domains, memory impairment was not associated with altered activities of daily living or mobility. The functional impairment and the risk of severe cognitive impairment were significantly (p<0.05) higher in female compared to male patients. Among comorbidities, overweight/obesity and diabetes were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poor cognitive performance in those individuals with mild/moderate cognitive impairment. Conclusion: In institutionalized individuals with movement disorders there is an association between functional and cognitive impairment. Reduction of over-weight and proper control of diabetes may represent novel targets for improving cognitive function at such early stages.

scholarly journals Will Artificial Intelligence Replace the Movement Disorders Specialist for Diagnosing and Managing Parkinson’s Disease?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matt Landers ◽  
Suchi Saria ◽  
Alberto J. Espay
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Patient Symptom ◽  
Molecular Therapies ◽  
Improve Patient

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to help diagnose and manage disease is of increasing interest to researchers and clinicians. Volumes of health data are generated from smartphones and ubiquitous inexpensive sensors. By using these data, AI can offer otherwise unobtainable insights about disease burden and patient status in a free-living environment. Moreover, from clinical datasets AI can improve patient symptom monitoring and global epidemiologic efforts. While these applications are exciting, it is necessary to examine both the utility and limitations of these novel analytic methods. The most promising uses of AI remain aspirational. For example, defining the molecular subtypes of Parkinson’s disease will be assisted by future applications of AI to relevant datasets. This will allow clinicians to match patients to molecular therapies and will thus help launch precision medicine. Until AI proves its potential in pushing the frontier of precision medicine, its utility will primarily remain in individualized monitoring, complementing but not replacing movement disorders specialists.

Parkinson's disease and movement disorders

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-821
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorders

Human olfactory bulb neural stem cells mitigate movement disorders in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany E.S. Marei ◽  
Samah Lashen ◽  
Amany Farag ◽  
Asmaa Althani ◽  
Nahla Afifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Movement Disorders

Gamma knife radiosurgery as a lesioning technique in movement disorder surgery

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Young ◽  
Anne Shumway-Cook ◽  
Sandra S. Vermeulen ◽  
Peter Grimm ◽  
John Blasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Maximum Deviation

Fifty-five patients underwent radiosurgical placement of lesions either in the thalamus (27 patients) or globus pallidus (28 patients) for treatment of movement disorders. Patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by a team of observers skilled in the assessment of gait and movement disorders who were blinded to the procedure performed. They were not associated with the surgical team and concomitantly and blindly also assessed a group of 11 control patients with Parkinson's disease who did not undergo any surgical procedures. All stereotactic lesions were made with the Leksell gamma unit using the 4-mm secondary collimator helmet and a single isocenter with dose maximums from 120 to 160 Gy. Clinical follow-up evaluation indicated that 88% of patients who underwent thalamotomy became tremor free or nearly tremor free. Statistically significant improvements in performance were noted in the independent assessments of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores in the patients undergoing thalamotomy. Eighty-five and seven-tenths percent of patients undergoing pallidotomy who had exhibited levodopa-induced dyskinesias had total or near-total relief of that symptom. Clinical assessment indicated improvement of bradykinesia and rigidity in 64.3% of patients who underwent pallidotomy. Independent blinded assessments did not reveal statistically significant improvements in Hoehn and Yahr scores or UPDRS scores. On the other hand, 64.7% of patients showed improvements in subscores of the UPDRS, including activities of daily living (58%), total contralateral score (58%), and contralateral motor scores (47%). Ipsilateral total UPDRS and ipsilateral motor scores were both improved in 59% of patients. One (1.8%) of 55 patients experienced a homonymous hemianopsia 9 months after pallidotomy due to an unexpectedly large lesion. No other complications of any kind were seen. Follow-up neuroimaging confirmed correct lesion location in all patients, with a mean maximum deviation from the planned target of 1 mm in the vertical axis. Measurements of lesions at regular interals on postoperative magnetic resonance images demonstrated considerable variability in lesion volumes. The safety and efficacy of functional lesions made with the gamma knife appear to be similar to those made with the assistance of electrophysiological guidance with open functional stereotactic procedures. Functional lesions may be made safely and accurately using gamma knife radiosurgical techniques. The efficacy is equivalent to that reported for open techniques that use radiofrequency lesioning methods with electrophysiological guidance. Complications are very infrequent with the radiosurgical method. The use of functional radiosurgical lesioning to treat movement disorders is particularly attractive in older patients and those with major systemic diseases or coagulopathies; its use in the general movement disorder population seems reasonable as well.

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