Determination of Total Respiratory Resistance in Health and Disease by Added External Resistance

CHEST Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Teh Chiang ◽  
Joseph Green ◽  
Yu-Cheng Kao
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Health And Disease

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of β-Glucuronidase in Urine, Serum, Tissue; Assay of Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Benjamin M. Banks ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Urine Serum

scholarly journals On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, rectal swab and mucosal tissue samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Xiangzhu Zhu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Harvey J. Murff ◽  
Reid M. Ness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Functional Profiles

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. In this study, we report differences in stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue microbial communities with shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. The taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but less different to each other than mucosal tissue samples. Functional profile differences between stool and swab samples are smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or rectal swab gave broadly significantly correlated results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for determination of how inference can change for taxa and pathways depending on the choice of where to sample within the human gut.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strategies for the Determination of Sterol Sulfates via GC-MS Leading to a Novel Deconjugation-Derivatization Protocol

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Junker ◽  
Isabelle Chong ◽  
Frits Kamp ◽  
Harald Steiner ◽  
Martin Giera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Cleavage ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Steroid Profiling ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Indispensable Tool

Sulfoconjugates of sterols play important roles as neurosteroids, neurotransmitters, and ion channel ligands in health and disease. In most cases, sterol conjugate analysis is performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This is a valuable tool for routine analytics with the advantage of direct sterol sulfates analysis without previous cleavage and/or derivatization. The complementary technique gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a preeminent discovery tool in the field of sterolomics, but the analysis of sterol sulfates is hampered by mandatory deconjugation and derivatization. Despite the difficulties in sample workup, GC-MS is an indispensable tool for untargeted analysis and steroid profiling. There are no general sample preparation protocols for sterol sulfate analysis using GC-MS. In this study we present a reinvestigation and evaluation of different deconjugation and derivatization procedures with a set of representative sterol sulfates. The advantages and disadvantages of trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyloxime-trimethylsilyl (MO-TMS), and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives were examined. Different published procedures of sterol sulfate deconjugation, including enzymatic and chemical cleavage, were reinvestigated and examined for diverse sterol sulfates. Finally, we present a new protocol for the chemical cleavage of sterol sulfates, allowing for simultaneous deconjugation and derivatization, simplifying GC-MS based sterol sulfate analysis.

Effect of valve closure time on the determination of respiratory resistance by flow interruption

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. T. Bates ◽  
I. W. Hunter ◽  
P. D. Sly ◽  
S. Okubo ◽  
S. Filiatrault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valve Closure ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Flow Interruption ◽  
Closure Time

Estimating central and peripheral respiratory resistance

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Pimmel ◽  
M. J. Tsai ◽  
D. C. Winter ◽  
P. A. Bromberg
Keyword(s):  
Regression Equations ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
External Resistor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control State

An analytic approach for fractionating total respiratory resistance into central (Rc) and peripheral (Rp) components is presented. In the analysis, linear regression equations relating the logarithm of the measured total resistance to the logarithm of frequency are derived for data spanning the frequency range 1–16 Hz. The computed slope and intercept are used to obtain estimates of the fraction of the resistance in the periphery (Fp) and of Rp and Rc. Data from anesthetized, closed-chested dogs in a control state and with an external resistor (1.37 cmH2O.1–1.s) were used to test the approach. Mean values +/- SE's for control data were: Fp = 0.400 +/- 0.039, Rp = 1.37 +/- 0.16 cm H2O.1–1.s, and Rc = 1.98 +/- 0.10 cmH2O.1–1.s. Mean values of Rp obtained with and without added resistance were not significantly different (P less than 0.1). The increase in the mean values of Rc represented 85% of the value of the added resistance but was significantly different from the known value of the external resistance (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that it may be possible to fractionate total respiratory resistance into central and peripheral components using the frequency dependence of forced oscillatory resistance.

scholarly journals Method for the determination of immune complexes by reaction with polyethylene glycol

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
B. A. Molotilov ◽  
A. N. Mayansky ◽  
N. D. Pozdnyak ◽  
L. Ch. Samerkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Photoelectric Colorimeter ◽  
Health And Disease

A study of circulating immune complexes was carried out using a reaction with polyethylene glycol. The method turned out to be simple, highly sensitive and affordable for any clinical laboratory with a photoelectric colorimeter. Analysis of the survey data of 115 healthy donors, 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus made it possible to establish the level of circulating immune complexes in health and disease. The circulating immune complexes were studied in patients with rheumatism and chronic tonsillitis. To assess the results of the reaction, human aggregated gamma globulin (manufactured by Kazan NIIEM) was used.

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Human Serum; Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Edgar E. Smith ◽  
Orrie M. Friedman ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase

A modified forced oscillation technique for measurements of respiratory resistance

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aronsson ◽  
L. Solymar ◽  
J. Dempsey ◽  
J. Bjure ◽  
T. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Oscillation ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Automated Determination

We present a modification of forced oscillation technique for automated determination of total respiratory resistance during inspiration. The modifications consist of a computerized signal averaging and an optimization technique in the assessment of the resistance value. Thereby a favorable signal-to-noise ratio is obtained, allowing very low superimposed pressure oscillations. The method is validated by comparison with a conventional esophageal balloon method, by estimating added mechanical resistances in healthy subjects and by measuring the effect of bronchodilation in asthmatic children. The coefficient of variation as obtained from day-to-day measurements was about 7%. Mechanical resistances, estimated as the difference in total resistance with and without external resistance, were within 7% of their values determined for the resistances alone. A significant decrease in resistance was obtained in each of the asthmatic children following bronchodilation.

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