Catching the Flu: Clinical Implications of Two Different Molecular Testing Methods Used During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season

CHEST Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 117A
Author(s):  
Nicholas Csikesz ◽  
Sonja Chen ◽  
Jacob Smith ◽  
Roberta Dickenson ◽  
Kimberle Chapin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Season ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods

scholarly journals BRAF in Melanoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Inhibition, and Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Sullivan ◽  
Keith T. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Braf Inhibitors ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Braf Mutant ◽  
Mutant Braf

Since the initial discovery that a subset of patients with cutaneous melanoma harbor BRAF mutations, substantial research has been focused on determining the pathologic consequences of BRAF mutations, optimizing diagnostic techniques to identify these mutations, and developing therapeutic interventions to inhibit the function of this target in mutation-bearing tumors. Recently, advances have been made which are revolutionizing the standard of care for patients with BRAF mutant melanoma. This paper provides an overview on the pathogenic ramifications of mutant BRAF signaling, the latest molecular testing methods to detect BRAF mutations, and the most recent clinical data of BRAF pathway inhibitors in patients with melanoma and BRAF mutations. Finally, emerging mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors and ways of overcoming this resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals Sensitive molecular testing methods can demonstrate NSCLC driver mutations in malignant pleural effusion despite non-malignant cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Steinfort ◽  
Sevastjan Kranz ◽  
Anthony Dowers ◽  
Leakhena Leas ◽  
Voula Dimitriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Malignant Pleural Effusion ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods

scholarly journals Comparison of respiratory virus shedding by conventional and molecular testing methods in patients with haematological malignancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 380.e1-380.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Richardson ◽  
J. Brite ◽  
M. Del Castillo ◽  
T. Childers ◽  
A. Sheahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Virus Shedding

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusion frequencies in solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592097561
Author(s):  
Anna Forsythe ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Uwe Phillip Strauss ◽  
Marc Fellous ◽  
Maesumeh Korei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Sarcoma ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Tyrosine Receptor Kinase

Introduction: The research objective was to systematically review evidence on neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase ( NTRK) gene fusion frequency in solid tumors. Methods: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted of studies published from January 1987 to 2 January 2020. Selected studies were appraised for use in meta-analysis, with frequency reported as a point estimate with confidence intervals, to estimate NTRK gene fusion tumor incidence and prevalence. Results: The SLR identified 222 studies from North America ( n = 122), Europe ( n = 33), Asia ( n = 41), Brazil ( n = 5), Australia ( n = 2), and multi-continental ( n = 19) reporting NTRK gene fusion frequencies across 101 histologies. Studies were prospective ( n = 43) and retrospective ( n = 179). Testing methods involved DNA ( n = 93), RNA ( n = 72), combined DNA/RNA ( n = 48), protein [immunohistochemistry (IHC), n = 5], and unreported ( n = 5). Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 66,871. Of the 222 studies, 107 were suitable for meta-analysis. Highest NTRK gene fusion frequencies were reported in rare cancers: infantile/congenital fibrosarcoma (90.56%, 95% CI 67.42–100.00), secretory breast cancer (92.87%, 95% CI 72.62–100.00), and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (21.52%, 95% CI 13.06–32.20). Lower frequencies were reported in non-small cell lung cancer (0.17%, 95% CI 0.09–0.25), colorectal adenocarcinoma (0.26%, 95% CI 0.15–0.36), cutaneous melanoma (0.31%, 95% CI 0.07–0.55), and non-secretory breast carcinoma (0.60%, 95% CI 0.00–1.50). Reported frequency was ~0% for some cancers: mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, and bone sarcoma. Estimated global overall NTRK gene fusion tumour incidence and 5-year prevalence in 2018 was 0.52 and 1.52 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Conclusion: This research confirms the rarity and varying frequency of NTRK gene fusion across tumor types. Limitations included relatively low historic NTRK gene fusion testing and reporting, limited study samples for some cancers, and suboptimal molecular testing methods. In this rapidly developing area, gold-standard testing methods and companion diagnostics are needed to capture all NTRK gene fusions.

scholarly journals Influenza Clinical Diagnostic Testing and Antiviral Treatment among Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness During the 2015–16 Influenza Season

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S356-S356
Author(s):  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Craig McGowan ◽  
Brian Rha ◽  
Julie A Boom ◽  
Janet Englund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

Abstract Background Although antiviral therapy is recommended for hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed influenza, clinicians often rely on test results to determine management. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) have suboptimal sensitivity; use of molecular assays may improve care. We evaluated clinical influenza testing and antiviral treatment practices in hospitalized children. Methods Children aged <18 years with acute respiratory illness (ARI) were enrolled through active surveillance at 7 hospitals in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network between November 2015 and June 30, 2016; analysis was restricted to the influenza season. Preliminary data were analyzed for children who had clinical influenza diagnostic testing with a rapid influenza diagnostic test or molecular assay on nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs or nasal washes. Children who had received antivirals prior to hospitalization were excluded. Results Of 2267 children, 1165 (51%) had clinical diagnostic testing on upper respiratory samples: 276 (24%) by RIDT alone, 780 (67%) by molecular testing alone, and 109 (9%) by both. The use of molecular testing alone varied by site, from 10% to 100% of samples tested. Of 116 (10%) children testing positive for influenza, 60 (52%) were treated; by site, treatment of children positive for influenza ranged from 25% to 83%. Antiviral treatment was given to 16/20 (80%) of those admitted ≤2 days from symptom onset vs. 44/96 (46%) children admitted >2 days after onset. Among 94 children tested by one method who were positive, >80% had samples collected in the emergency department or on day of admission, and 47 started treatment (Figure, A): 16/37 (43%) and 31/57 (54%) were treated when tested by RIDT alone and molecular testing alone, respectively. Of those positive children treated, 7/16 (44%) tested by RIDT vs. 22/31 (71%) by molecular testing started treatment on the day of testing (Figure, B). Conclusion Half of hospitalized children with ARI who tested positive for influenza received antiviral treatment. Although there was high variability in testing and treatment by site, in positive patients who were treated the use of molecular testing appeared to be associated with prompt antiviral therapy. Understanding clinician reasons for relatively low treatment overall will require further investigation. Disclosures J. Englund, Gilead: Consultant and Investigator, Research support Chimerix: Investigator, Research support Alios: Investigator, Research support Novavax: Investigator, Research support MedImmune: Investigator, Research support GlaxoSmithKline: Investigator, Research support N. B. Halasa, sanofi pasteur: Research Contractor, Research support Astra Zeneca: Research Contractor, Grant recipient

scholarly journals What are the Clinical Implications of a Positive RT-PCR Test 6 Months after a Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Gabriel De Carvalho ◽  
Kateryna Hvozdara
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Pcr Test

We present the case of an 84-year-old female patient hospitalized for surgical treatment of a hip fracture who re-tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with an RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab approximately 6 months after presenting mild respiratory symptoms with confirmed COVID-19 in April 2020. We discuss the possibility of reinfection, long-term viral shedding and residual positivity, the limitations of RT-PCR swab tests, and the necessity for new testing methods as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads and long-lasting immunity is uncertain.

scholarly journals Comparison of rapid molecular testing methods for detecting respiratory viruses in emergency care: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Lunde Markussen ◽  
Harleen M. S. Grewal ◽  
Siri Tandberg Knoop ◽  
Sondre Serigstad ◽  
Øyvind Kommedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
A Prospective Study
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