scholarly journals Can Smoking for Positive or Negative Reinforcement Together With Dependence Help Us Better Diagnose Smokers?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Fagerström ◽  
Carlos A. Jimenez-Ruiz ◽  
Jenaro Astray Mochales ◽  
Hans Gilljam
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Quit Rate ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Better Than ◽  
As If

AbstractWith more medications available for smoking cessation treatment the need to diagnose the tobacco dependence for better tailoring of treatment is growing. It has been suggested that smokers can be peak seekers or trough maintainers vis-à-vis blood nicotine concentrations (Russell, 1990), or smoking predominantly for coping with withdrawal or smoking for pleasure (Juniper et al., 2005). In this article a related concept, smoking for negative reinforcement (NR) or positive reinforcement (PR), is investigated. A simple 1-question assessment of type of reinforcement is suggested. From data from smokers attending smoker's clinics — 2 from Sweden using varenicline and 1 from Spain using nicotine patches — it looks as if smokers smoking predominantly for PR do better than NR smokers when treated with varenicline, while there is no difference when they are treated with nicotine replacement. When degree of nicotine dependence is crossed with type of reinforcement it looks as if NR/low nicotine dependent smokers have the best outcome (64%) compared with 47% (p < .01) for the whole sample treated with nicotine replacement. When varenicline is used, the PR/low dependent group had the best quit rate with 85% compared with 67% (p < .05) for the whole sample. This brief report proposes that smoking for PR or NR, possibly combined with degree of dependence, should be further studied as a tool for tailoring smoking cessation treatments.

scholarly journals Tobacco control policies and smoking cessation treatment utilization: a moderated mediation analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Thrul ◽  
Kira E. Riehm ◽  
Joanna E. Cohen ◽  
G. Caleb Alexander ◽  
Jon S. Vernick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Use

AbstractBackgroundTobacco policies, including clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes, increase smoking cessation in part by stimulating the use of cessation treatments. We explored whether the mediating effect of such treatments varies across socio-demographic groups.MethodsWe used data from 62,165 U.S. adult participants in the 2003 and 2010/11 Current Population Survey-Tobacco Use Supplement (CPS-TUS) who reported smoking cigarettes during the past year. Building on prior structural equation models used to quantify the degree to which smoking cessation treatments (prescription medications, nicotine replacement therapy, counselling/support groups, quitlines, and internet resources) mediated the association between clean indoor air laws, cigarette excise taxes, and recent smoking cessation, we added selected moderators to each model to investigate whether mediation effects varied by sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and health insurance status.ResultsFor clean indoor air laws, the mediating effect of prescription medication and nicotine replacement therapies varied significantly between racial/ethnic, age, and education groups in 2003. However, none of these moderation effects remained significant in 2010/11. For cigarette excise taxes in 2010/2011, the mediating effect of counseling was stronger in older adults; whereas, the mediating effect of prescription medications tended to be stronger in younger adults. No other moderator reached statistical significance. Smoking cessation treatments did not mediate the effect of taxes on smoking cessation in 2003 and were not included in these analyses.ConclusionsSociodemographic differences in how smoking cessation treatment use mediates between clean indoor air laws and smoking cessation have decreased from 2003 to 2010/11. In most cases, policies appear to stimulate smoking cessation treatment use similarly across varied sociodemographic groups.

scholarly journals Tobacco control policies and smoking cessation treatment utilization: A moderated mediation analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0241512
Author(s):  
Johannes Thrul ◽  
Kira E. Riehm ◽  
Joanna E. Cohen ◽  
G. Caleb Alexander ◽  
Jon S. Vernick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Policies ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Treatment Use

Background Tobacco policies, including clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes, increase smoking cessation in part by stimulating the use of cessation treatments. We explored whether the associations between tobacco policies and treatment use varies across sociodemographic groups. Methods We used data from 62,165 U.S. adult participants in the 2003 and 2010/11 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) who reported smoking cigarettes during the past-year. We built on prior structural equation models used to quantify the degree to which smoking cessation treatment use (prescription medications, nicotine replacement therapy, counseling/support groups, quitlines, and internet resources) mediated the association between clean indoor air laws, cigarette excise taxes, and recent smoking cessation. In the current study, we added selected moderators to each model to investigate whether associations between tobacco polices and smoking cessation treatment use varied by sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and health insurance status. Results Associations between clean indoor air laws and the use of prescription medication and nicotine replacement therapies varied significantly between racial/ethnic, age, and education groups in 2003. However, none of these moderation effects remained significant in 2010/11. Higher cigarette excise taxes in 2010/2011 were associated with higher odds of using counseling among older adults and higher odds of using prescription medications among younger adults. No other moderator reached statistical significance. Smoking cessation treatments did not mediate the effect of taxes on smoking cessation in 2003 and were not included in these analyses. Conclusions Sociodemographic differences in associations between clean indoor air laws and smoking cessation treatment use have decreased from 2003 to 2010/11. In most cases, policies appear to stimulate smoking cessation treatment use similarly across varied sociodemographic groups.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolien Adriaens ◽  
Eline Belmans ◽  
Dinska Van Gucht ◽  
Frank Baeyens
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Point Prevalence Abstinence

Abstract Background This interventional-cohort study tried to answer if people who smoke and choose an e-cigarette in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders are achieving smoking abstinence and how they compare to clients who opt for commonly recommended (or no) aids (nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation medication). Methods Participants were recruited by tobacco counselors. They followed smoking cessation treatment (in group) for 2 months. At several times during treatment and 7 months after quit date, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires and to perform eCO measurements. Results One third of all participants (n = 244) achieved smoking abstinence 7 months after the quit date, with e-cigarette users having higher chances to be smoking abstinent at the final session compared to NRT users. Point prevalence abstinence rates across all follow-up measurements, however, as well as continuous and prolonged smoking abstinence, were similar in e-cigarette users and in clients having chosen a commonly recommended (or no) smoking cessation aid. No differences were obtained between smoking cessation aids with respect to product use and experiences. Conclusions People who smoke and choose e-cigarettes in the context of smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors show similar if not higher smoking cessation rates compared to those choosing other evidence-based (or no) smoking cessation aids.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of counselling

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
K.O. Fagerström
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Cessation Treatment

Smoking cessation is the only therapeutic intervention that can prevent COPD smokers from the chronic progression of their disorder. The most important intervention for helping these smokers to quit is a combination of counseling plus pharmacological treatment. The characteristics of the counseling should be different depending if this intervention is offered to smokers with a previous diagnosis of COPD or if the intervention is offered to smokers who have been recently diagnoses with COPD. The counseling of patients who have been recently diagnosed should include: a) explanation of the direct relationship between smoking and COPD, b) encouraging these patients to quit and c) using of spirometry and measurements of CO as a motivational tools. The counseling of patients who have been previously diagnosed should include: a) encouragement to make a serious quit attempt, b) an intervention that increases motivation, self-efficacy and self-esteem, c) and the intervention should also control depression and be directed to weight gain control.

Correlates of e-cigarette use among adults initiating smoking cessation treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 108724
Author(s):  
Laili Kharazi Boozary ◽  
Summer G. Frank-Pearce ◽  
Adam C. Alexander ◽  
Joseph J.C. Waring ◽  
Sarah J. Ehlke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment
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