Towards Prevention and Early Recognition of Stroke: The Australian Context

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Evrim G. March
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Policies And Programs

AbstractStroke is a preventable disease leading to physical, cognitive and emotional disability. Its high prevalence and poor outcome shifts this disease from the clinical, medical realm to a significant public health problem. This article provides an overview of the problem, and the status of stroke prevention in the Australian context. To achieve this, it first examines the recent Australian surveillance data on stroke, identifying the at-risk groups. It then argues for targeted stroke prevention, assesses relevant policies and programs in the international and Australian contexts, and briefly reviews approaches for increased awareness and recognition of stroke symptoms. The article concludes by emphasising the need to account for the at-risk-groups when developing targeted health promotion campaigns for effective prevention of stroke in Australia.

scholarly journals Trends, Coverage and Influencing Determinants of Influenza Vaccination in the Elderly: A Population-Based National Survey in Spain (2006–2017)

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Silvia Portero de la Cruz ◽  
Jesús Cebrino
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Public Health

Influenza is a significant public health problem and the elderly are at a greater risk of contracting the disease. The vaccination coverage of the elderly is below the Spanish target of 65% for each influenza season. The aims of this study were to report the coverage of influenza vaccination in Spain among the population aged ≥65 years and high-risk groups for suffering chronic diseases, to analyze the time trends from 2006 to 2017 and to identify the factors which affect vaccination coverage. A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted including 20,753 non-institutionalized individuals aged ≥65 years who had participated in the Spanish National Health Surveys in 2006, 2011/2012, and 2017. Sociodemographic, health-related variables, and influenza vaccination data were used. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables associated with influenza vaccination. Influenza vaccination coverage was 60%. By chronic condition, older people with high cholesterol levels and cancer had the lowest vaccination coverage (62.41% and 60.73%, respectively). This coverage declined from 2006 to 2017 in both groups. Higher influenza vaccination was associated with males, Spanish nationality, normal social support perceived, polypharmacy, worse perceived health, participation in other preventive measures, and increasing age and the number of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Malnutrition: another health inequality?

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Artificial Nutrition ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Uk

Malnutrition (undernutrition) is one of the many health inequalities facing governments in the 21st century. Malnutrition is a common condition affecting millions of individuals in the UK, particularly older adults, the sick and those cared for within the healthcare system. It costs the National Health Service >£7·3×109 annually. New data highlight marked geographical differences in the prevalence of malnutrition across England and an inter-relationship between deprivation, malnutrition and poor outcome. As malnutrition is a largely treatable condition, prompt identification and effective prevention and treatment of this costly condition is imperative. Routine screening for malnutrition in high-risk groups (e.g. the elderly and those in areas with high deprivation) and within the healthcare system should be a priority, with screening linked to appropriate plans for the management of malnutrition. Use should be made of specialised interventions, including oral nutritional supplements and artificial nutrition, to aid recovery and improve outcome, with skilled health professionals, including dietitians, involved where possible. Equity of access to nutritional services and treatments for malnutrition needs to occur across the UK and, although complex and multi-factorial, the effects of deprivation and other relevant socio-economic and geographical factors should be addressed. Ultimately, as malnutrition is a public health problem, its identification and treatment must become a priority for governments, healthcare planners and professionals.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and Stage of the Art of Three Pollinators Taxa in Mexico: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9051
Author(s):  
David Urbán-Duarte ◽  
José Fernando De La Torre-Sánchez ◽  
Yooichi Kainoh ◽  
Kazuo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Impact

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) confirmed that pollinators have declined in abundance and diversity; additionally, there is insufficient data for Latin America. Thus, we performed a review on scientific studies and databases to determine the state of the art of the diversity of three pollinator animals (bees, hummingbirds, and bats) in Mexico as well as an analysis of relevant public policies to conserve these species. We found 2063 bee species reported to be present in Mexico. The biodiversity of hummingbirds (58 species) and pollinator bats (12 species) is well known. We identified 57 scientific studies published in the last 20 years related to the biodiversity of bees (30 studies), hummingbirds (16 studies), and pollinator bats (11 studies). Relatively few, or no current studies on hummingbirds and pollinators bats at risk as well as for more than 1000 bee species is available. Great efforts have been made about policies and programs to improve the knowledge and conservation of pollinators in Mexico the last years such as the Species at Risk Conservation Program (PROCER), the Species Conservation Action Program (PACE), and the Natural Protected Ares System (CONANP). However, information of the status of many species and regions is still scarce. Thus, more studies about biodiversity, density, and trends as well as studies of the impact of policies and programs on pollinator species in Mexico are needed.

scholarly journals Contemporary principles of suicide prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Ljusic ◽  
Dragan Ravanic ◽  
Snezana Filipovic-Danic ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Jovana Cvetkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Different Characteristics

Introduction. Suicide remains a significant public health problem worldwide. This study is aimed at analyzing and presenting contemporary methods in suicide prevention in the world as well as at identifying specific risk groups and risk factors in order to explain their importance in suicide prevention. Material and Methods. The literature search covered electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. In order to select the relevant articles, the authors searched for the combination of key-words which included the following medical subject heading terms (suicide or suicide ideation or attempted) and (prevention or risk factors) and (man or elders or mental disorders). Data analysis covered meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original scientific papers with different characteristics of suicide preventions, risk factors and risk groups. Results. Worldwide evidence-based interventions for suicide prevention are divided in universal, selective and indicated interventions. Restricted approach to various methods of committing suicide as well as pharmacotherapy contributes to a lower suicide rate. Suicide risk factors can be categorized as proximal and distal. The following groups are at highest risk of committing suicide: males, older persons and persons with registered psychiatric disorders. Conclusion. There is a lot of evidence that suicide is preventable. It is known that only 28 countries in the world have national suicide prevention strategies and Serbia is not one of them.

scholarly journals The Role of Forsis LSM (Fort De Kock Society in Social) for Reach The Risk Groups of HIV / AIDS (Case Study: LGBT And Penasun Group�s in The City of Padang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Anggun Mustika Yanti ◽  
Yuhelna Yuhelna ◽  
Rinel Fitlayeni
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
City Community ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

One of the existing NGOs is FORSIS which is engaged in the grouping of HIV / AIDS risk groups to cope with the spread of HIV / AIDS in the city of Padang. The purpose of this study is to describe how the role of FORSIS in outreach groups at risk of HIV / AIDS in the city of Padang. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive researcher, a technique used for data collection in interviews, observations, and document studies. In addition to the selection of informants is purposive sampling, which consists of informants who are considered to know about the role of FORSIS in outreach groups at risk of HIV / AIDS. The subjects in this research are Padang city community that is the board of FORSIS, LGBT group, caretaker of soul conscience, and LGBT with HIV. The results of this study are to describe the role of FORSIS in outreach groups at risk of HIV / AIDS. Prior to outreach there was a process planned for outreach. This NGO plays a role in improving community knowledge through socialization, then invites VCT to know the status of self so that can cope with the spread of viruses and NGOs also do cooperation with NGOs taratak soul heart to accompany PLWHA. It can be concluded that this FORSIS NGO plays an important role in providing counselling, inviting VCT and working with specific NGOs to assist in the prevention and transmission of HIV / AIDS.

scholarly journals The current therapeutic strategies of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Zhichao Chen ◽  
Wenxi Miao ◽  
Leran Xu ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanism ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
The Status

At the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic broke out and soon became a global public health problem. Therefore, many countries are speeding up the development of antiviral drugs and COVID-19 vaccines to achieve effective prevention, control, and treatment of Covid-19. This paper reviews the pathogenic mechanism and detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 and the status and research progress of antiviral drugs, vaccines, and some other treatments against it based on previous articles published in this field. Although Covid-19’s pathogenic mechanism has been generally figured out and the detection methods are advanced, old pneumonia treatment methods are adopted Covid-19 due to the lack of high-efficiency antiviral drugs. Meanwhile, as more and more safe and effective vaccines enter the clinical phase, the treatment of the Covid-19 epidemic may rely more on the prevention-oriented strategy.

Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the European Union: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Marisol Lila ◽  
Faraj A. Santirso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are increasingly recognized as central to understanding of this major social and public health problem, and guide the development of more effective prevention efforts. However, to date this area of research is underdeveloped in western societies, and in particular in the EU. The present study aims to provide a systematic review of quantitative studies addressing attitudes toward IPVAW conducted in the EU. The review was conducted through Web of Science, PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. This review aimed to identify empirical studies conducted in the EU, published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2018, and analyzing attitudes toward IPVAW. A total of 62 of 176 eligible articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified as the main focus of the studies: legitimation, acceptability, attitudes toward intervention, and perceived severity. Four main research themes regarding attitudes toward IPVAW emerged: correlates of attitudes, attitudes as predictors, validation of scales, and attitude change interventions. Although interest in this research area has been growing in recent years, the systematic review revealed important gaps in current knowledge on attitudes toward IPVAW in the EU that limits its potential to inform public policy. The review outlines directions for future study and suggests that to better inform policy making, these future research efforts would benefit from an EU-level perspective.

Who’s at risk of entering Social Security Disability Insurance? A comparison of application and allowance rates for groups of at-risk individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Contreary ◽  
Todd Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Security Disability Insurance ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
Employment Characteristics

BACKGROUND: The U.S. government has implemented several programs to reduce federal expenditures on Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and help beneficiaries return to work, but the limited success of these efforts has raised interest in approaches that help workers with disabilities remain in the workforce. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides information on individuals at risk of applying for DI benefits to help build the evidence base for policies that provide workers with disabilities support to eliminate the need to apply for and receive DI benefits. METHODS: Using three panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to SSA administrative data, we describe the employment characteristics of seven groups at risk of applying for DI benefits before and after application, as well as the outcomes of their DI applications. RESULTS: New private disability insurance recipients were more likely to apply for and receive DI than members of other at-risk groups. However, individuals with high healthcare expenditures made up the largest proportion of successful applicants across the at-risk groups considered here. CONCLUSION: While it seems plausible that individuals within an at-risk group who are likely to apply for DI benefits can be identified and provided supports to help them maintain employment, focusing on a specific group to promote employment over DI benefits may have a limited effect on the DI program because applicants come from multiple groups.

scholarly journals A Fatal and Rare Case of Hydatid Cyst in the Pouch of Douglas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Asnani ◽  
Sunil Kumar Yeshvanth ◽  
Lancelot Lobo ◽  
Shipra Sonkusare
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Pouch Of Douglas

Abstract Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection and a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. A 79-year-old female patient was presented to the gynecology outpatient department with complaints of pain in the abdomen and difficulty in micturition, with a mass palpable per speculum. The ultrasound was suggestive of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, whereas computed tomography of the abdomen favored hydatid cyst with adnexal neoplasm as a differential diagnosis. Considering the contradictory findings, a frozen section was sent to confirm the diagnosis, which showed hooklets of Echinococcus granulosus/hydatid cyst under the microscope. This was a rare case of pelvic hydatid cyst mimicking ovarian malignancy and was associated with a less-preferred mode of investigation (frozen section). This article focuses on how a frozen section, despite its limitations and being expensive, can still be considered for accurate patient management.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

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