Treatment Alternatives for Overweight and Obesity: The Role of Online Interventions

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Baulch ◽  
Andrea Chester ◽  
Leah Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Online Interventions ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

AbstractThis review examines the application of online interventions to the treatment of obesity. The unprecedented prevalence rates of overweight and obesity worldwide are indicative of the need to develop efficacious treatment alternatives. While research suggests that diet, physical activity and behaviour therapy are core components of effective obesity treatment programs, their ability to penetrate large portions of the population is limited. The empirically verified effectiveness of online interventions for disorders such as depression and social phobia, coupled with unparalleled rates of internet access, suggest that online interventions for overweight and obesity are a feasible and logical treatment modality. A limited number of randomised controlled trials reviewed in this article have evaluated the efficacy of this treatment alternative. Results are promising and encourage further use, development and empirical research in this area.

scholarly journals Women Substance Abuse a Rising Problem in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Uma Joshi ◽  
Mr. Bhawani Singh Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Women Substance Abusers ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Male To Female

This paper traces the role of Substance abuse among women in India. In the last few years, attention has shifted from male to female substance abuse in India. As the numbers of female substance abusers perpetuate to elevate, researches and studies deliberate to understand gender-centric etiological factors, ill effects, phenomenology, outcome, and obstruction cognate to treatment with the aim to develop more efficacious treatment programs. Though, because of non-recognition of women substance abusers, the studies on Indian women substance abusers population being sparse. This paper tries to highlight the issues and rising problem of women substance abuse in India.

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Role of Nutrition and Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Rita Polito ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Specific Diet

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared on the world scene, which mainly affects the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and, although it starts with common symptoms such as shortness of breath and fever, in about 2–3% of cases it leads to death. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this virus and, therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies in order to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. In the literature, it is widely shown that states of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity negatively affect the immune system, leading to viral infections, and several studies have shown that nutritional interventions can act as immunostimulators, helping to prevent viral infections. Even if several measures, such as the assumption of a specific diet regimen, the use of dietary supplements, and other similar interventions, are promising for the prevention, management, and recovery of COVID-19 patients, it is important to highlight that strong data from randomized clinical trials are needed to support any such assumption. Considering this particular scenario, we present a literature review addressing several important aspects related to diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to highlight the importance of diet and supplementation in prevention and management of, as well as recovery from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Ioanna Maligianni ◽  
Christos Yapijakis ◽  
Flora Bacopoulou ◽  
George Chrousos
Keyword(s):  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Risk Biomarkers

Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.

scholarly journals Improvement of obesity-associated disorders by a small-molecule drug targeting mitochondria of adipose tissue macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Binlin Tang ◽  
Lei Long ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

AbstractPro-inflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is causally linked to obesity and obesity-associated disorders. A number of studies have demonstrated the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in macrophage activation. However, there is a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the mitochondrial metabolism of ATMs for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. Here, we characterize a near-infrared fluorophore (IR-61) that preferentially accumulates in the mitochondria of ATMs and has a therapeutic effect on diet-induced obesity as well as obesity-associated insulin resistance and fatty liver. IR-61 inhibits the classical activation of ATMs by increasing mitochondrial complex levels and oxidative phosphorylation via the ROS/Akt/Acly pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that specific enhancement of ATMs oxidative phosphorylation improves chronic inflammation and obesity-related disorders. IR-61 might be an anti-inflammatory agent useful for the treatment of obesity-related diseases by targeting the mitochondria of ATMs.

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