Cognitive-behavioural Treatment of Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia: A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanda Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Bii Phobia

AbstractThis single case study examined the treatment of blood-injury-injection (BII) phobia in a 14-year-old female. Thirteen 1-hour sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy were conducted. The intervention included a combination of exposure, applied tension, and cognitive restructuring in an effort to produce clinically significant reductions in anxiety and fainting in response to BII stimuli. Results did indeed show dramatic reductions in subjective distress in BII situations from baseline to post-treatment. This was supported by small reductions in phobic anxiety and general anxiety on self-report measures. In contrast to baseline, fainting did not occur during treatment. The subject rated cognitive restructuring as the most effective treatment component for the latter half of therapy. It is suggested that, to date, the importance of cognitive therapy for the treatment of BII phobia has been overlooked.

Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of social skills deficits and social phobia in a man with an autism spectrum disorder: a single-case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Turner ◽  
Neil Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) including high-functioning types such as Asperger's syndrome (AS) are diagnosed when there is evidence of a triad of qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped/repetitive behaviours. It is not uncommon for these impairments to be accompanied by social anxiety. The present single-case study investigates the use of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to treat a 47-year-old man who was assessed as having difficulties with social skills and social phobia in the context of a late diagnosis of AS. He received 20 h of CBT adapted for his AS in 15 sessions including a 1-month follow-up. Following a highly individualized formulation, treatment included modelling, role-playing, reinforcement, thought challenging, and behavioural experimentation. Results from five self-report measures showed continued improvements from the start of therapy to follow-up in social anxiety, global distress, depression and self-esteem. The client gave positive feedback about his experience of treatment. The case study is discussed with reference to limitations and some reflections for CBT in ASD.

scholarly journals Effects of interpretation training on subjective, behavioural, and physiological measures of anxiety during a self-presentation task in an analogue social anxiety sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda E. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control

Negative interpretation biases, defined as a tendency to interpret ambiguous social situations negatively, have been theorized to play a role in the maintenance of social anxiety. Research has shown that computer-based interpretation training tasks can modify negative interpretation biases and that this modification is associated with decreases in subjective ratings of anxiety. Negative interpretation biases have also been shown to decrease following cognitive-behavioural therapy. This study investigated the effects of interpretation training and cognitive restructuring on symptomatology, cognitive processes, behaviour, and physiological reactivity in an analogue social anxiety sample. Seventy-two participants with elevated social anxiety scores were randomized to one of 3 conditions: interpretation training (n = 24), cognitive restructuring (n = 24), and control (n = 24). Although none of the conditions showed a decrease in social anxiety symptomatology, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition evidenced a significant decrease in anxiety-related cognitive processes at the 48-hour follow-up. There were no group differences on subjective distress and self-rated performance on the speech task. However, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition were rated as having higher quality speeches by an objective rater compared to participants in the interpretation training condition. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Combination of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy with Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Postnatal Depression in a Brief Intervention Context: A Single-Case Study Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
George Stamou ◽  
Azucena Garcia-Palacios ◽  
Brendon J. Woodford ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Cristina Botella
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Study Trial ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Individual

Postnatal depression (PND) is a mood disorder with potentially devastating effects to the individual on many levels. It can affect cognitive functioning, motivation, and self-esteem. The person can socially withdraw from their immediate familial or social circle. It can affect bonding and quality time between the mother and baby. There are many effective therapeutic treatments used for the treatment of PND such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). This study using a single-case study trial with 15 participants investigates the clinical usefulness of combining CBT with virtual reality (VR). Results show that the combination of CBT with VR is an effective treatment for PND. In addition, VR can enhance awareness, decision-making, and self-appreciation within the individual and can also have real-life applications. This study also shows that the combination of VR and CBT is feasible, while the use of such a technology is well accepted.

Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Awareness under Anaesthesia: A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D. V. Nixon ◽  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Michelle L. Moulds
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

The aim of the current paper is to describe the tailoring of cognitive-behavioural treatment for a female client who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subsequent to awareness under anaesthetic during an emergency caesarean procedure. Treatment consisted of prolonged and in vivo exposure, and cognitive restructuring over eight sessions. Assessment was conducted prior to treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 6- and 24-month follow-up. Follow-up at 24 months demonstrated good outcome, with the client no longer meeting criteria for PTSD.

scholarly journals Effects of interpretation training on subjective, behavioural, and physiological measures of anxiety during a self-presentation task in an analogue social anxiety sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda E. Nowakowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control

Negative interpretation biases, defined as a tendency to interpret ambiguous social situations negatively, have been theorized to play a role in the maintenance of social anxiety. Research has shown that computer-based interpretation training tasks can modify negative interpretation biases and that this modification is associated with decreases in subjective ratings of anxiety. Negative interpretation biases have also been shown to decrease following cognitive-behavioural therapy. This study investigated the effects of interpretation training and cognitive restructuring on symptomatology, cognitive processes, behaviour, and physiological reactivity in an analogue social anxiety sample. Seventy-two participants with elevated social anxiety scores were randomized to one of 3 conditions: interpretation training (n = 24), cognitive restructuring (n = 24), and control (n = 24). Although none of the conditions showed a decrease in social anxiety symptomatology, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition evidenced a significant decrease in anxiety-related cognitive processes at the 48-hour follow-up. There were no group differences on subjective distress and self-rated performance on the speech task. However, participants in the cognitive restructuring condition were rated as having higher quality speeches by an objective rater compared to participants in the interpretation training condition. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

‘If you have good skin, you are god. If you have bad skin, you are a piece of rubbish’. Mastery of shame and anger in treatment-resistant body dysmorphic disorder: a single case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Sündermann ◽  
Jonathan Wheatley ◽  
David Veale
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Compassion Focused Therapy ◽  
History Of

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived flaw in one's appearance, and is often emotionally linked with early adverse experiences. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective but may not resolve shame and anger that can be at the emotional root of BDD. This paper presents a single-case study of a 25-year-old man with a history of treatment-resistant BDD characterized by a preoccupation with facial skin linked to a developmental history of sexual abuse and bullying. He was treated at a national residential specialist unit for 16 weeks during which time he received three individual 1-hour weekly CBT sessions (42 sessions overall), and participated in the residential group programme and therapeutic community. CBT was enhanced using imagery rescripting, compassion-focused therapy and family work to specifically target shame and anger-based past experiences. Severity of BDD was assessed with the BDD-Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (BDD-YBOCS) at pre-, mid-, post-, 3-month and 18-month follow-ups; a weekly self-report measure (Appearance Anxiety Inventory), and a client-drawn self-portrait of his perceived skin flaws at pre- and post-treatment. Treatment outcome was positive. The BDD-YBOCS dropped 94% from the extremely severe range pre-treatment to the sub-clinical range post-treatment. BDD symptoms improved progressively throughout treatment, and when the emotions of anger and shame were resolved (as reported by the client) fell to the non-clinical range. Gains were maintained at 18-month follow-up. We conclude that enhancing CBT for BDD using emotion-focused techniques is to be recommended, particularly when emotional memories continue to affect body shame.

Mending a broken heart: a single case study on cognitive behavioural therapy for depression after romantic relationship break-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthmainah Mufidah Gozan ◽  
Adhityawarman Menaldi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Break Up

Abstract Having and building a romantic relationship is an important aspect of development in young adulthood. However, there are some challenges in relationships, including basic principle differences such as faith and culture that lead to fights and break-ups. Going through a break-up is not easy for some people and is considered to be one of the stress sources in people’s lives that often links to depression symptoms. It is crucial to focus on intervention aiming at the cognitive aspects, including negative thoughts and bias when dealing with depression, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, CBT in the Indonesian context, especially with religious and ethnic problems in a romantic relationship before marriage, is limited. This study aims to explore this by presenting the case of a 26-year-old Indonesian male with depressive episodes after a painful break-up due to religious and cultural differences. The previous history of childhood abuse and problems in social adjustment and communication had also worsened his conditions. CBT was used for treatment as he developed many negative thoughts about himself and had maladaptive beliefs about his conditions and his future. This case study report shows the effectiveness of CBT intervention in decreasing depression symptoms, such as sadness and the thought of being unworthy, as well as increasing self-confidence in facing difficulties. Key learning aims (1) To understand delivering CBT in a single case with mild depression triggered by relationship break-up. (2) To understand the applicability of CBT in the Indonesian context with a cultural and religious background. (3) To reflect on the challenges faced and treatment strategies in implementing an adapted CBT technique.

Integrative psychotherapy in intellectual disabilities: using cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic formulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Drury ◽  
Nadja Alim
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Psychological Difficulties

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to outline how a combination of different psychological models may inform formulation and treatment, and the benefits for the client and the therapist of working in this way. Design/methodology/approach – This is a single case study, describing an integrative approach in which psychodynamic ideas were used to inform cognitive-behavioural treatment. Findings – The integrated approach reported here not only allowed the client to develop his skills in problem solving and taking different perspectives, but also to take a more active role in decisions about his life. Practical implications – Integrative approaches may be of particular use for individuals who have not shown a full response to interventions based on a single theoretical model. Malan's triangles of insight provide a clear structure to psychodynamic formulation that is easily accessible to emerging psychodynamic practitioners. Originality/value – Little previous research has described integrative approaches for psychological difficulties in people with an intellectual disability. The approach outlined in this study describes reasons for using an integrative approach, provides one example of how different models may be combined in practice, and describes ways in which the integrative approach enriched the intervention.

INDIVIDUAL EXPOSURE THERAPY FOR DELUSIONAL DISORDER IN THE ELDERLY: A CASE STUDY OF A 71-YEAR-OLD MAN

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Townend
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Positive Results

A single case study is described of a cognitive behavioural approach with an elderly man with a delusional disorder of 6 years. Successful treatment, case conceptualization and engagement issues are reported. The delusion was that household electrical equipment was giving out dangerous rays and giving him cancer. Self-report measures and a cognitive challenge test evaluated results. Rapid and positive results were achieved. Recommendations for future research are made.

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