Training Teachers to Manage Students with Asperger's Syndrome in an Inclusive Classroom Setting

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Hinton ◽  
Kate Sofronoff ◽  
Jeanie Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusive Classroom ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Problem Behaviours

AbstractThis controlled trial of a teacher training intervention aimed to increase teacher competence in managing the problem behaviours associated with Asperger's syndrome, as manifested in a classroom setting. All teacher-participants currently managed a student with Asperger's syndrome in an inclusive classroom setting. Measures were taken on two occasions: pre-workshop and 6-week follow-up. Variables of interest were number of problem behaviours, success of teacher strategies used to manage problem behaviours and teacher self-efficacy in managing behaviours. Qualitative data assessing both the utility of the workshop and effectiveness of the individual management strategies was also gathered. At 6-week follow up, teachers reported increased confidence in their ability to manage the student with Asperger's syndrome, fewer problem behaviours displayed by the student and increased success in using strategies to manage the student in the classroom. The utility of both the workshop itself and individual management strategies were also endorsed by all teacher-participants. Suggestions for future research and limitation of the study are also discussed.

scholarly journals Metacognitive reflection and insight therapy (MERIT) for patients with schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. de Jong ◽  
R. J. M. van Donkersgoed ◽  
M. E. Timmerman ◽  
M. aan het Rot ◽  
L. Wunderink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Metacognitive Reflection ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AbstractBackgroundImpaired metacognition is associated with difficulties in the daily functioning of people with psychosis. Metacognition can be divided into four domains: Self-Reflection, Understanding the Other's Mind, Decentration, and Mastery. This study investigated whether Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) can be used to improve metacognition.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the active condition (n = 35) received forty MERIT sessions, the control group (n = 35) received treatment as usual. Multilevel intention-to-treat and completers analyses were performed for metacognition and secondary outcomes (psychotic symptomatology, cognitive insight, Theory of Mind, empathy, depression, self-stigma, quality of life, social functioning, and work readiness).ResultsEighteen out of 35 participants finished treatment, half the drop-out stemmed from therapist attrition (N = 5) or before the first session (N = 4). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that in both groups metacognition improved between pre- and post-measurements, with no significant differences between the groups. Patients who received MERIT continued to improve, while the control group returned to baseline, leading to significant differences at follow-up. Completers analysis (18/35) showed improvements on the Metacognition Assessment Scale (MAS-A) scales Self Reflectivity and metacognitive Mastery at follow-up. No effects were found on secondary outcomes.ConclusionsOn average, participants in the MERIT group were, based on MAS-A scores, at follow-up more likely to recognize their thoughts as changeable rather than as facts. MERIT might be useful for patients whose self-reflection is too limited to benefit from other therapies. Given how no changes were found in secondary measures, further research is needed. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger's syndrome. Is global coherence impaired?

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
THERESE JOLLIFFE ◽  
SIMON BARON-COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Global Coherence ◽  
Use Context ◽  
Global Inference

Background. Linguistic processing was explored in normally intelligent adults with either autism or Asperger's syndrome, to test if global coherence was impaired. Global coherence is the ability to establish causal connections and interrelate local chunks into higher-order chunks so that most linguistic elements are linked together thematically. Since individuals with autism are hypothesized to have weak central coherence then one would predict that the clinical groups would have difficulty integrating information globally so as to derive full meaning.Methods. Two experiments were designed to test global coherence. Experiment 1 investigated whether individuals on the autism spectrum condition could arrange sentences coherently. Experiment 2 investigated whether they were less able to use context to make a global inference. Results. The clinical groups were less able to arrange sentences coherently and use context to make a global inference.Conclusions. The results suggest that individuals on the autism spectrum have impaired global coherence. Arranging sentences and making global inferences correlated highly, suggesting that central coherence may be a unitary force in these different tasks. Of the two clinical groups, the autism group had the greater deficit. The effect that such a deficit would have on one's daily life is discussed, along with possible explanations for the clinical groups' greater difficulty, and suggestions for future research.

ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Management in the United States: Data from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201330
Author(s):  
Zachary S. Wallace ◽  
Huifeng Yun ◽  
Jeffrey R. Curtis ◽  
Lang Chen ◽  
John H. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Informatics System ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Objective ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) management has evolved substantially over the last two decades. We sought to characterize AAV treatment patterns in the United States. Methods We identified AAV patients in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry who had at least two rheumatology clinician visits between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2017. Demographics, medications, laboratory test results, and billing codes were extracted from the medical record. Demographic and prescription trends were assessed overall and across US regions. Results We identified 1,462 AAV patients, 259 (18%) with new or relapsing AAV. The majority were classified as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, 75%). The mean age was 59.8 years and 59% were female. The majority of patients were in the South (45%) followed by the Mid-West (32%), West (12%), and Northeast (8%). Patients had a median of 3 visits and follow-up of 579 days. The most commonly prescribed medications during the study period were glucocorticoids (86%) followed by rituximab (45%), methotrexate (33%), azathioprine (32%) and mycophenolate mofetil (18%); cyclophosphamide was rarely used (97, 7%). At the most recent visits in RISE, 47% of patients were on glucocorticoids. Prescription trends were similar across regions. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the demographics and management of AAV by rheumatologists outside of major referral centers. Management strategies vary widely but cyclophosphamide is rarely used. These observations can be used to inform future research priorities. Additional studies are needed to characterize AAV severity in RISE and patient and provider treatment preferences.

scholarly journals Positive affect skills may improve pain management in people with HIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1784-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L Addington ◽  
Elaine O Cheung ◽  
Judith T Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Pain Outcomes ◽  
Pain Prevalence

Non-opioid pain management strategies are critically needed for people with HIV. We therefore conducted a secondary analysis of pain-related outcomes in a randomized controlled trial of a positive affect skills intervention for adults newly diagnosed with HIV ( N = 159). Results suggest that, even if pain prevalence rises, positive affect skills may reduce pain interference and prevent increased use of opioid analgesics by people living with HIV. Future research should replicate and extend these findings by conducting trials that are specifically designed to target pain outcomes.

scholarly journals Relapse prevention for eating disorders: a randomized controlled trial targeting weight-related self-esteem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M Royal
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

A high level of weight-related self-esteem (WRSE) at the end of eating disorder treatment is predictive of relapse. The first goal of this project was to develop a cognitive-behavioural intervention to target WRSE in partially remitted eating disorder clients to prevent relapse (WRSE protocol). The second goal (Study 1) was to conduct a pilot study to assess whether receiving the WRSE protocol leads to improvements in WRSE and related variables. The final goal of this project (Study 2) was to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the individual-based treatment added to treatment as usual (TAU) provided additional benefits to eating disorder clients, with respect to WRSE, eating disorder symptoms, and relapse. After the treatment manual was developed, 16 clients were recruited and administered the treatment protocol in Study 1. The results indicated that participants had significant improvements in levels of WRSE and related variables following treatment. For Study 2, 47 participants who had achieved behavioural symptom interruption were randomly assigned to either 1) TAU + WRSE protocol or 2) TAU. Results were mainly consistent across Complete Case and Last Observation Carried Forward procedures where participants who received the additional WRSE protocol had greater improvements in WRSE, body checking behaviour, and self-esteem. Groups did not differ with respect to body avoidance, general avoidance, fat talk, and other variables compared to participants who received TAU only. Multiple imputation procedures, which accounted for missing data, indicated no significant differences for all measured variables. Participants who completed the WRSE protocol had significantly greater adherence to their meal plan (i.e., less dietary restriction) compared to participants who only received TAU. Groups did not differ regarding level of binge eating and/or vomiting after the intervention period, and there were no differences in relapse between groups at 3-month follow-up. Overall, the newly developed treatment provided some benefit to eating disorder clients above and beyond TAU. However, the data appear to have been sensitive to attrition. Future research should include further refinement of the treatment protocol and evaluation across a longer follow-up period to assess its impact on relapse rates.

scholarly journals Relapse prevention for eating disorders: a randomized controlled trial targeting weight-related self-esteem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M Royal
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled

A high level of weight-related self-esteem (WRSE) at the end of eating disorder treatment is predictive of relapse. The first goal of this project was to develop a cognitive-behavioural intervention to target WRSE in partially remitted eating disorder clients to prevent relapse (WRSE protocol). The second goal (Study 1) was to conduct a pilot study to assess whether receiving the WRSE protocol leads to improvements in WRSE and related variables. The final goal of this project (Study 2) was to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine whether the individual-based treatment added to treatment as usual (TAU) provided additional benefits to eating disorder clients, with respect to WRSE, eating disorder symptoms, and relapse. After the treatment manual was developed, 16 clients were recruited and administered the treatment protocol in Study 1. The results indicated that participants had significant improvements in levels of WRSE and related variables following treatment. For Study 2, 47 participants who had achieved behavioural symptom interruption were randomly assigned to either 1) TAU + WRSE protocol or 2) TAU. Results were mainly consistent across Complete Case and Last Observation Carried Forward procedures where participants who received the additional WRSE protocol had greater improvements in WRSE, body checking behaviour, and self-esteem. Groups did not differ with respect to body avoidance, general avoidance, fat talk, and other variables compared to participants who received TAU only. Multiple imputation procedures, which accounted for missing data, indicated no significant differences for all measured variables. Participants who completed the WRSE protocol had significantly greater adherence to their meal plan (i.e., less dietary restriction) compared to participants who only received TAU. Groups did not differ regarding level of binge eating and/or vomiting after the intervention period, and there were no differences in relapse between groups at 3-month follow-up. Overall, the newly developed treatment provided some benefit to eating disorder clients above and beyond TAU. However, the data appear to have been sensitive to attrition. Future research should include further refinement of the treatment protocol and evaluation across a longer follow-up period to assess its impact on relapse rates.

Prompt Dependency Beyond Childhood: Adults With Asperger's Syndrome and Intimate Relationships

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Wilson ◽  
Wendi Beamish ◽  
Stephen Hay ◽  
Tony Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grounded Theory Research ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many children on the autism spectrum are dependent on prompts provided by adults for staying on-task, completing activities and transitioning between activities in the home, school and community environments (Bryan & Gast, 2000; Milley & Machalicek, 2012). Yet, prompt dependency beyond childhood has received little attention. This study explored the possibility that prompt dependency also applies to adults diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (AS) when interacting with their neurotypical partner. In-depth interviews with nine couples (ages ranging from 29 to 69) were used to explore intimate relationships between partners in order to determine whether prompt dependency was evident. A grounded theory research strategy was applied to analyse interview data. Data analysed through constant comparison coding supported the hypothesis that adults with AS in the sample showed prompt dependency in their interactions with their partners. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Can a Lifestyle Genomics Intervention Motivate Patients to Engage in Greater Physical Activity than a Population-Based Intervention? Results from the NOW Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Justine R. Horne ◽  
Jason Gilliland ◽  
Tara Leckie ◽  
Colleen O’Connor ◽  
Jamie A. Seabrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Lifestyle genomics (LGx) is a science that explores interactions between genetic variation, lifestyle components such as physical activity (PA), and subsequent health- and performance-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether an LGx intervention could motivate enhanced engagement in PA to a greater extent than a population-based intervention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, participants received either the standard, population-based Group Lifestyle Balance<sup>TM</sup> (GLB) program intervention or the GLB program in addition to the provision of LGx information and advice (GLB + LGx). Participants (<i>n</i> = 140) completed a 7-day PA recall at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Data from the PA recalls were used to calculate metabolic equivalents (METs), a measure of energy expenditure. Statistical analyses included split plot analyses of covariance and binary logistic regression (generalized linear models). Differences in leisure time PA weekly METs, weekly minutes of moderate + high-intensity PA, and adherence to PA guidelines were compared between groups (GLB and GLB + LGx) across the 4 time points. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Weekly METs were significantly higher in the GLB + LGx group (1,114.7 ± 141.9; 95% CI 831.5–1,397.8) compared to the standard GLB group (621.6 ± 141.9 MET/week; 95% CI 338.4–904.8) at the 6-month follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.01). All other results were non-significant. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The provision of an LGx intervention resulted in a greater weekly leisure time PA energy expenditure after the 6-month follow-up. Future research should determine how this could be sustained over the long-term. <b><i>Clinical Trial Registration:</i></b> NCT03015012.

scholarly journals A Case-Series Evaluation of a Brief, Psycho-Social Approach Intended for the Prevention of Relapse in Psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-782
Author(s):  
Petrina Brett ◽  
John Sorensen ◽  
Helena Priest
Keyword(s):  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal States

There is a wealth of research into relapse prevention in psychosis; however, specific research into the effectiveness of short-term, self-management strategies aimed to prevent relapse is lacking. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of Sorensen’s ‘Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses’ manual-based therapy (Sorensen, 2006b) with 11 participants in one UK National Health Service Trust. The intervention was delivered over four sessions and interviews were conducted pre and post intervention. The effect of the intervention on measures of hopelessness, perceived control over internal states, and satisfaction were recorded using validated questionnaires at one week, one month and two months follow-up, supported by measures taken from visual analogue scales. Data analysis revealed significant improvements on hopelessness, perceived control over internal states, and satisfaction at one week follow-up, although these results were not maintained at one and two months follow-up. Additionally, the attrition rate meant that results lacked statistical power at one and two months follow-up. The study also considered the clinical significance of the research findings with the Jacobson-Truax (Jacobson & Truax, 1991) method for measuring reliable change. A substantial number of clients attained clinically significant changes with regards to hopelessness and perceived control over internal states. Future research is required in order to evaluate the use of self-management strategies to prevent relapse. It would be valuable to repeat the current study with the additional use of booster sessions in order to assess whether the positive impacts on hopelessness and perceived control over illness can be maintained at the longer term follow up.

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