scholarly journals Effects of α-Tocopherol and Mixed Tocopherol Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason HY Wu ◽  
Natalie C Ward ◽  
Adeline P Indrawan ◽  
Coral-Ann Almeida ◽  
Jonathan M Hodgson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background: Vitamin E isomers may protect against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with either α-tocopherol (αT) or mixed tocopherols rich in γ-tocopherol (γT) on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 55 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive (500 mg/day) (a) αT, (b) mixed tocopherols, or (c) placebo for 6 weeks. Cellular tocopherols, plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes, erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma inflammatory markers, and ex vivo assessment of eicosanoid synthesis were analyzed pre- and postsupplementation. Results: Neutrophil αT and γT increased (both P <0.001) with mixed tocopherol supplementation, whereas αT (P <0.001) increased and γT decreased (P <0.005) after αT supplementation. Both αT and mixed tocopherol supplementation resulted in reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) but did not affect 24-h urinary F2-isoprostanes or erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities. Neither αT nor mixed tocopherol supplementation affected plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Stimulated neutrophil leukotriene B4 production decreased significantly in the mixed tocopherol group (P = 0.02) but not in the αT group (P = 0.15). Conclusions: The ability of tocopherols to reduce systemic oxidative stress suggests potential benefits of vitamin E supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations with well-controlled type 2 diabetes, supplementation with either αT or mixed tocopherols rich in γT is unlikely to confer further benefits in reducing inflammation.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and other risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Mališ Mališ ◽  
Ana Savić Radojević ◽  
Marijana Kovačević ◽  
Olivera Čančar ◽  
Dragana Pavlović Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Patient Age

Introduction. The aim of the study was to examine whether biomarkersof oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities are among other riskfactors for diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods. The study involved 70 patients with type 2 diabetes (37 males,aged 41 to 81 years) allocated to two groups: one of 32 patients with DNand the other of 38 patients without DN. In the study of oxidative stress 15healthy persons were included. All examined patients were interviewed andunderwent objective examination. Their serum and urine samples were analyzedin order to estimate the quality of glycoregulation and kidney function.Protein thiol groups (P-SH), antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were determined inplasma spectrophotometrically and malondialdehyde-adducts (MDA) byenzyme immunoassay.Results. No significant differences were found between the two groupsfor demographic characteristics, duration and treatment of diabetes, bloodpressure, fasting glucose level and HbA1c. Patients with DN had a higherbody mass index, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) andhigher albuminuria and proteinuria. Plasma activity of GPX and SOD as wellas levels of MDA adducts and P-SH groups were similar in patients with andwithout DN, but GPX and SOD plasma activities were significantly lower andplasma level of MDA significantly higher in all patients than in healthy controls.Patient gender, age, BMI, HbA1c and plasma level of P-SH and MDAwere selected as significant predictors of DN. Patient age, duration of diabetes,serum phosphorus, uric acid levels and plasma SOD activity were negativelyassociated with eGFR. Patient age, serum levels of protein and albuminand plasma GPX activity were negatively, while systolic BP, serum levelsof uric acid and cholesterol were positively associated with proteinuria.Conclusion. Biomarkers of oxidative protein and lipid damage were selectedas risk factors for DN, besides several other well known risk factors.

scholarly journals Differential Indicators of Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress in New Zealand White Rabbits: Role of Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Davis ◽  
Christy L. Lavine ◽  
Melissa A. Arredondo ◽  
Patrick McMahon ◽  
Thomas E. Tenner, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Determination of reliable bioindicators of diabetes-induced oxidative stress and the role of dietary vitamin E supplementation were investigated. Blood (plasma) chemistries, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured over 12 weeks in New Zealand White rabbits (control, diabetic, and diabetic + vitamin E). Cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not correlate with diabetic state. PlasmaLPOwas influenced by diabetes and positively correlated with glucose concentration only, not cholesterol or triglycerides. Liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity negatively correlated with glucose and triglyceride levels. Plasma and erythrocyte GPX activities positively correlated with glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Liver superoxide dismutase activity positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol concentration. Vitamin E reduced plasma LPO, but did not affect the diabetic state. Thus, plasmaLPOwas the most reliable indicator of diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities and types of reactive oxygen species generated were tissue dependent. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is diminished by vitamin E supplementation.

scholarly journals Attenuation of oxidative stress and cardioprotective effects of zinc supplementation in experimental diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Barman ◽  
Krishnapura Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Factors

AbstractOxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, which further exacerbates damage of cardiac, hepatic and other tissues. We have recently reported that Zn supplementation beneficially modulates hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia, with attendant reduction of associated metabolic abnormalities in diabetic rats. The present study assessed the potential of Zn supplementation in modulating oxidative stress and cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with streptozotocin, and groups of diabetic rats were treated with 5- and 10-fold dietary Zn interventions (0·19 and 0·38 g Zn/kg diet) for 6 weeks. The markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities and concentrations of antioxidant molecules, lipid profile, and expressions of fibrosis and pro-apoptotic factors in the cardiac tissue were particularly assessed. Supplemental Zn showed significant attenuation of diabetes-induced oxidative stress in terms of altered antioxidant enzyme activities and increased the concentrations of antioxidant molecules. Hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipidaemia were also significantly countered by Zn supplementation. Along with attenuated oxidative stress, Zn supplementation also showed significant cardioprotective effects by altering the mRNA expressions of fibrosis and pro-apoptotic factors (by >50 %). The expression of lipid oxidative marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) protein in cardiac tissue of diabetic animals was rectified (68 %) by Zn supplementation. Elevated cardiac and hepatic markers in circulation and pathological abnormalities in cardiac and hepatic tissue architecture of diabetic animals were ameliorated by dietary Zn intervention. The present study indicates that Zn supplementation can attenuate diabetes-induced oxidative stress in circulation as well as in cardiac and hepatic tissues.

scholarly journals Relation of Moderate Physical Activity to Blood Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Rafał Rowiński ◽  
Maciej Kornatowski ◽  
Andrzej Dąbrowski ◽  
Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Gpx Activity

The aim of the present study was to establish whether markers of oxidative stress and the enzymatic defense system of the blood are related to moderate physical activity in younger old and the oldest old men. They were divided into four groups according to the age and level of physical activity (groups YN and YA—inactive and active younger old men aged 65-74 years, groups ON and OA—inactive and active oldest old men aged 90-99 years). Venous blood was collected from the subjects in the morning before breakfast. MDA concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) in erythrocyte hemolysates were assayed. The concentration of isoprostanes (8-iso-PGF2α) and carbonyl groups in protein (CP) was measured in plasma and serum. All assayed antioxidant enzyme activities and the SOD/GPx ratios were significantly higher in the active younger old males than in all the inactive ones. In the group of oldest old active participants, only the GPx activity was significantly higher compared to the inactive oldest old males. The activity of CAT and GPx in the younger old inactive men was significantly lower than that in the oldest old inactive subjects. However, SOD, CAT, and GR activities and SOD/GPx ratio were significantly higher in the younger old active men compared to the oldest old active participants. The concentrations of isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, and MDA were significantly lower in both active and inactive younger old males than in the respective groups of the oldest old men and in both groups of active men, independently of age, compared to the respective inactive subjects. The present study confirmed that oxidative stress is related to age. Physical activity caused a decrease of oxidative stress markers independently of age and resulted in an increase of GPx activity in both younger old and the oldest old active groups.

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