scholarly journals The role of aneuploidy in the emergence of echinocandin resistance in human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. e1009564
Author(s):  
Sudisht Kumar Sah ◽  
Jeffrey Joseph Hayes ◽  
Elena Rustchenko
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Echinocandin Resistance

scholarly journals MFα1, the Gene Encoding the α Mating Pheromone of Candida albicans

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneh L. Panwar ◽  
Melanie Legrand ◽  
Daniel Dignard ◽  
Malcolm Whiteway ◽  
Paul. T. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Mating Pheromone ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Α Pheromone

ABSTRACT Candida albicans, the single most frequently isolated human fungal pathogen, was thought to be asexual until the recent discovery of the mating-type-like locus (MTL). Homozygous MTL strains were constructed and shown to mate. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that opaque-phase cells are more efficient in mating than white-phase cells. The similarity of the genes involved in the mating pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans includes at least one gene (KEX2) that is involved in the processing of the α mating pheromone in the two yeasts. Taking into account this similarity, we searched the C. albicans genome for sequences that would encode the α pheromone gene. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the gene MFα1, which codes for the precursor of the α mating pheromone in C. albicans. Two active α-peptides, 13 and 14 amino acids long, would be generated after the precursor molecule is processed in C. albicans. To examine the role of this gene in mating, we constructed an mfα1 null mutant of C. albicans. The mfα1 null mutant fails to mate as MTLα, while MTLa mfα1 cells are still mating competent. Experiments performed with the synthetic α-peptides show that they are capable of inducing growth arrest, as demonstrated by halo tests, and also induce shmooing in MTLa cells of C. albicans. These peptides are also able to complement the mating defect of an MTLα kex2 mutant strain when added exogenously, thereby confirming their roles as α mating pheromones.

scholarly journals Alternative oxidase induction protects Candida albicans from respiratory stress and promotes hyphal growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Duvenage ◽  
Louise A. Walker ◽  
Aleksandra Bojarczuk ◽  
Simon A. Johnston ◽  
Donna M. McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Zebrafish Infection

AbstractThe human fungal pathogenCandida albicanspossesses two genes expressing a cyanide-insensitive Alternative Oxidase (Aox) enzymes in addition to classical and parallel electron transfer chains (ETC). In this study, we examine the role of Aox inC.albicansunder conditions of respiratory stress, which may be inflicted during its interaction with the human host or co-colonising bacteria. We find that the level of Aox expression is sufficient to modulate resistance to classical ETC inhibition under respiratory stress and are linked to gene expression changes that can promote both survival and pathogenicity. For example we demonstrate that Aox function is important for the regulation of filamentation inC.albicansand observe that cells lacking Aox function lose virulence in a zebrafish infection model. Our investigations also identify that pyocyanin, a phenazine produced by the co-colonising bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits Aox-based respiration inC.albicans. These results suggest that Aox plays important roles within respiratory stress response pathways whichC.albicansmay utilise both as a commensal organism and as a pathogen.

scholarly journals pH-Dependant Antifungal Activity of Valproic Acid against the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chaillot ◽  
Faiza Tebbji ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
Hugo Wurtele ◽  
René Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen

scholarly journals Pmt-Mediated O Mannosylation Stabilizes an Essential Component of the Secretory Apparatus, Sec20p, in Candida albicans

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1164-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Weber ◽  
Stephan K.-H. Prill ◽  
Joachim F. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Vesicle Traffic ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lumenal Domain ◽  
Secretory Apparatus

ABSTRACT Sec20p is an essential endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein in yeasts, functioning as a tSNARE component in retrograde vesicle traffic. We show that Sec20p in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is extensively O mannosylated by protein mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins). Surprisingly, Sec20p occurs at wild-type levels in a pmt6 mutant but at very low levels in pmt1 and pmt4 mutants and also after replacement of specific Ser/Thr residues in the lumenal domain of Sec20p. Pulse-chase experiments revealed rapid degradation of unmodified Sec20p (38.6 kDa) following its biosynthesis, while the stable O-glycosylated form (50 kDa) was not formed in a pmt1 mutant. These results suggest a novel function of O mannosylation in eukaryotes, in that modification by specific Pmt proteins will prevent degradation of ER-resident membrane proteins via ER-associated degradation or a proteasome-independent pathway.

scholarly journals The 5’ untranslated region of theEFG1transcript promotes its translation to regulate hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant R. Desai ◽  
Klaus Lengeler ◽  
Mario Kapitan ◽  
Silas Matthias Janßen ◽  
Paula Alepuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hyphal Morphogenesis ◽  
Cellular Morphogenesis ◽  
Incandida Albicans

ABSTRACTExtensive 5’ untranslated regions (UTR) are a hallmark of transcripts determining hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans.The major transcripts of theEFG1gene, which are responsible for cellular morphogenesis and metabolism, contain a 5’ UTR of up to 1170 nt. Deletion analyses of the 5’ UTR revealed a 218 nt sequence that is required for production of the Efg1 protein and its functions in filamentation, without lowering the level and integrity of theEFG1transcript. Polysomal analyses revealed that the 218 nt 5’ UTR sequence is required for efficient translation of the Efg1 protein. Replacement of theEFG1ORF by the heterologous reporter geneCaCBGlucconfirmed the positive regulatory importance of the identified 5’ UTR sequence. In contrast to other reported transcripts containing extensive 5’ UTR sequences, these results indicate the positive translational function of the 5’ UTR sequence in theEFG1transcript, which is observed in context of the nativeEFG1promoter. The results suggest that the 5’ UTR recruits regulatory factors, possibly during emergence of the native transcript, which aid in translation of theEFG1transcript.IMPORTANCEMany of the virulence traits that makeCandida albicansan important human fungal pathogen are regulated on a transcriptional level. Here we report an important regulatory contribution of translation, which is exerted by the extensive 5’ untranslated regulatory sequence (5’ UTR) of the transcript for the protein Efg1, which determines growth, metabolism and filamentation in the fungus. Presence of the 5’ UTR is required for efficient translation of Efg1, to promote filamentation. Because transcripts for many relevant regulators contain extensive 5’ UTR sequences, it appears that virulence ofC. albicansdepends on the combination of transcriptional and translation regulatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Sub-MIC levels of purpurin inhibit membrane ATPase-mediated proton efflux activity in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wai-Kei Tsang ◽  
Alan Pak-Kin Wong ◽  
Han-Sung Jung ◽  
Wing-Ping Fong
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Proton Efflux ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Membrane Atpase

CSU57 encodes a novel repressor of sorbose utilization in opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Yeast ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽  
Dileep Pullepu ◽  
Darshan Dhabalia ◽  
Sagunthala Murugesan Udaya Prakash ◽  
Mohammad Anaul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen

scholarly journals Simple Carbohydrate Derivatives Diminish the Formation of Biofilm of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena P. Ishchuk ◽  
Olov Sterner ◽  
Ulf Ellervik ◽  
Sophie Manner
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Morphological Transition ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Morphological Transitions ◽  
Simple Carbohydrate

The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans relies on cell morphological transitions to develop biofilm and invade the host. In the current study, we developed new regulatory molecules, which inhibit the morphological transition of C. albicans from yeast-form cells to cells forming hyphae. These compounds, benzyl α-l-fucopyranoside and benzyl β-d-xylopyranoside, inhibit the hyphae formation and adhesion of C. albicans to a polystyrene surface, resulting in a reduced biofilm formation. The addition of cAMP to cells treated with α-l-fucopyranoside restored the yeast-hyphae switch and the biofilm level to that of the untreated control. In the β-d-xylopyranoside treated cells, the biofilm level was only partially restored by the addition of cAMP, and these cells remained mainly as yeast-form cells.

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